Archive
Abstract
Studies on the history of Russian archaeology of the early Soviet period are becoming increasingly relevant. The Taman expedition of the State Academy for the History of Material Culture (1930–1931) was important for the investigation of the area of the Cimmerian Bosporus. It was headed by A.A. Miller. The results of the fi eld work of this expedition are still very poorly studied, but the materials stored in the Scientific Archives of the Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences make it possible to assess the scale of the studies carried out at that time. The published essay of A.A. Miller has a certain scientifi c signifi cance. It characterizes the state of scientifi c institutions and museums in the North Caucasus the situation in the early 1930s.
Keywords
Historiography of the Russian archaeology, North Caucasus, Taman expedition, local history museums, protection of ancient sites.
Alekshin, V.A. 2015: A.A. Miller i ego vklad v razvitie otechestvennoy arkheologii [A.A. Miller and his contribution to the development of Russian archaeology]. Muzey. Traditsii. Etnichnost’ [Museums. Traditions. Ethnicity] 2, 6–19.
Alekshin, V.A. 2020: A.A. Miller (1875–1935). Vekhi zhizni russkogo arkheologa [Milestones of the life of a Russian archaeologist]. Archäologie in Iran und Turan 19, 1–17.
Alekshin, V.A. 2022: Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Miller (1875–1935). In: V.A. Goroncharovskiy (ed.), Ottsy-osntovateli RAIMK: ikh zhiznennyy put’ i vklad v nauku [The Founding Fathers of the Russian Academy for the History of Material Culture: Their Life Path and Contribution to Science]. Saint Petersburg, 100–125.
Ashnin, F.D., Alpatov, V.M. 1994: Delo slavistov. 30-e gody [The Case of Slavistics Students. The 1930s]. Moscow.
Belanovskaya, T.D. 1994: Problemy istorii pervobytnogo obshchestva v trudakh P.I. Doriskovskogo [The problems of history of primitive society in the works of P.I. Boriskovskiy]. Arkheologicheskie vesti [Archaeological News] 3, 260–261.
Fam Kuang Shon 1994: Rol’ P.I. Boriskovskogo v formirovanii i razvitii arkheologii vo V’etname [The role of P.I. Boriskovskiy in the formation and development of archaeology of Vietnam]. Arkheologicheskie vesti [Archaeological News] 3, 264–265.
Grigoryev, G.P. 1994: P.I. Boriskovskiy i P.P. Efimenko [P.I. Boriskovskiy and P.P. Efimenko]. Arkheologicheskie vesti [Archaeological News] 3, 262–263.
Ivanova, E.V., Reshetov, A.M. 1992: Pamyati Pavla Iosifovicha Boriskovskogo [In memory of Pavel Iosifovich Boriskovskiy]. Vostok [Orient] 2, 198–199.
Miller, A.A. 1926: O muzeynoy rabote v Kabarde i Balkarii [About museum work in Kabarda and Balkaria]. Gorskiy kraevedcheskiy zhurnal [Journal of Local History of Mountain Region] 1, 23–24.
Miller, A.A. 1931: K voprosu ob okhrane pamyatnikov stariny [Concerning the protection of ancient sites]. Soobshcheniya Gosudarstvennoy akademii istorii material’noy kul’tury [Transactions of the State Academy for the History of Material Culture] 4–5, 22–50.
Miller, A.A. 1932: Desyat’ let raboty GAIMK v Severo-Kavkazskom krae [Ten years of work of the State Academy for the History of Material Culture in the North Caucasus region]. Soobshcheniya Gosudarstvennoy akademii istorii material’noy kul’tury [Transactions of the State Academy for the History of Material Culture] 9–10, 63–67.
Paromov, Ya.M. 1993: K biografii A. A. Millera [On the biography of A.A. Miller]. In: I.L. Tikhonov (ed.), Problemy istorii otechestvennoy arkheologii. Tezisy dokladov konferentsii [Problems of History of Russian Archaeology. Abstracts and Papers]. Saint Petersburg, 30–31.
Praslov, N.D. 2001/2: Pavel Iosifovich Boriskovskiy: Osnovnye vekhi zhizni i tvorchestva (27.05.1911 – 27.09.1991) [Pavel Iosifovich Boriskovskiy: the main milestones of life and creativity (27.05.1911 – 27.09.1991)]. Stratum plus 1, 9–13.
Reshetov, A.M. 2001: Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Miller – vydayushchiysya arkheolog, etnograf i muzeeved (k 125-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya) [Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Miller, the outstanding archaeologist, ethnographer and museologist (on the 125th anniversary of birth]. In: M.L. Berezhnova (ed.), Integratsiya arkheologicheskikh i etnograficheskikh issledovaniy [Integration of Archaeological and Ethnographic Studies]. Omsk, 8–16.
Tkachev, A.N. 2016: Arkheologi Kubani i Severo-Zapadnogo Kavkaza (1917–1991gg.): Bibliograficheskiy slovar’-spravochnik [Archaeologists of the Kuban and the North-West Caucasus (1917–1991): Bibliographic Dictionary-Reference]. Krasnodar.
Vasilyev, S.A. 1996: Vklad P.I. Boriskovskogo v stanovlenie problematiki sovremennogo paleolitovedeniya [P.I. Boriskovskiy’s contribution to the modern investigation of Paleolithic]. Rossiyskaya arkheologiya [Russian Archaeology] 1, 201– 204.
Vasilyev, S.A. 2001: P.I. Boriskovskiy i problemy aziatskogo paleolita [P.I. Boriskovskiy and Problems of Asian Paleolithic]. Arkheologicheskie vesti [Archaeological News] 8, 316–318.
Vinogradov, Yu.A. 2020: Iz istorii Tamanskoy ekspeditsii GAIMK [From the history of the Taman Mission of the State Academy for the History of Material Culture]. Tavricheskie studii [Taurian Studies] 22, 25–30.
Vinogradov, Yu. A., Medvedeva, M.V., Pankratova, E.G. 2020a: Tamanskaya ekspeditsiya GAIMK: k istorii sozdaniya [The Taman Mission of the State Academy for the History of Material Culture: history of the foundation]. Archeologicheskie vesti [Archaeological News] 30, 312–329.
Vinogradov, Yu.A., Grigoryeva, O.V., Zastrozhnova, E.G., Medvedeva, M.V., Chetverkina, E.V. 2020b: A.A. Miller i ego Tamanskaya ekspeditsiya (po materialam Nauchnogo arkhiva IIMK RAN) [A.A. Miller and his Taman Mission (based on the materials of the Scientifi c Archive of the Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. In: A.Р. Derevyanko, N.A. Makarov, O.D. Mochalov (eds), Trudy VI (XXII) Vserossiyskogo arkheologicheskogo s’ezda v Samare [Proceedings of VI (XXII) All-Russian Archaeological Congress in Samara] 3. Samara, 118–120.
Vinogradov, Yu.A., Zastrozhnova, E.G., Medvedeva, M.V. 2021: Tamanskaya ekspeditsiya GAIMK i issledovaniya Fanagorii [Taman expedition of the State Academy for the History of Material Culture and studies of Phanagoria]. Bosporskie issledovaniya [Bosporos Studies] 42, 271–301.
Vinogradov, Yu.A., Grigoryeva, O.V., Medvedeva, M.V. 2022: Arkheologicheskie raboty Tamanskoy ekspeditsii GAIMK [Archaeological works of the Taman expedition of the State Academy for the History of Material Culture]. Materialy po arkheologii i istorii antichnogo i srednevekovogo Prichernomor’ya [Materials on the Archaeology and History of Ancient and Medieval Black Sea Region] 14, 245–260.
Zastrozhnova, E.G. 2019: Fanagoriya. Istoriya arkheologicheskogo izucheniya (konets XVIII – seredina XX v.) [Phanagpriya. History of Archaeological study (the End of the 18th – Middle of the 20th Century]. Saint Petersburg.
- Details
- Hits: 272
Abstract
The paper summarizes the results of the work on the project for the publication of the amphorae collections of Russian museums. For eight years, the collections of the Crimean museums (Kerch, Chersonesus, Evpatoria, Feodosia, Yalta, the Taurida Museum and the “Kalos Limen” Museum-Reserve), the State Hermitage Museum, the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts and the Krasnodar Museum were processed. Over the years, six museum catalogues have been published, a unique online database “Greek Amphorae from the Northern Pontus Euxinus (7th – 2nd Centuries BC) – APE” has been created (ape.sgu.ru). In total, 1544 amphorae and 217 complexes containing two or more amphorae and other antique imports have been published and put into scientific circulation to date. Work is actively continuing on the publication of collections of Crimean museums, the publication of the collection of the Yalta Historical and Literary Museum is planned for 2023.
Keywords
Archaeology, museum collections, catalogues of amphorae, an online amphorae database.
Brashinskiy, I.B. 1984: Metody issledovaniya antichnoy torgovli [Methods of Research of the Ancient Trade]. Leningrad.
Cankardeş-Şenol, G. 2015: Early Cnidin amphora exports to Alexandria, Egypt. In: E. Lafl i, S. Pataci (eds.), Recent Studies on the Archaeology of Anatolia. Oxford, 169–192.
Churekova, N.B. 2023: Statisticheskie metody pri rabote s amfornymi katalogami i bazoj APE [Statistical methods when working with amphora catalogues and the APE database]. Antichnyy mir i arkheologiya [Ancient World and Archaeology] 21, 226–239.
Churekova, N.B. 2022: O vozmozhnostyakh ispol’zovaniya statisticheskikh metodov pri rabote s bazoy APE [On the possibilities of using statistical methods when working with the APE database]. In: Istoricheskie, kul’turnye, mezhnacional’nye, religioznye i politicheskie svyazi Kryma so Sredizemnomorskim regionom i stranami vostoka. VI mezhdunarodnaya nauchnaya konferentsiya (Sevastopol’, 3–7 oktyabrya 2022 g.). Materialy konferentsii [Historical, Cultural, Interethnic, Religious and Political Links of Crimea with the Mediterranean and the Countries of the Orient. VI International Scientific Conference (Sevastopol, October 3-7, 2022). Conference materials]. Moscow, 459–468].
Fedoseev, N.F. 2009: Keramicheskaya epigrafika i aktual`nye voprosy arkheologii Bospora Kimmeriyskogo [Ceramic epigraphy and topical issues of archaeology of the Cimmerian Bosporus.]. In: V.N. Zin`ko (ed.), Bospor Kimmeriyskiy i varvarskiy mir v period antichnosti i srednevekov`ya. Aktual`nye problem [The Cimmerian Bosporus and the Barbarian World in the period of Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Current Issues] (X Bosporskie Chteniya [Bosporan Readings]), 448–458.
Kuznetsova, E.V. Monakhov, S.Yu. 2022: Trade Connections of the Northern Black Sea Region in the Hellenistic Period (After Materials of Museum Collections). In: IARPotHP 4, 447– 463.
Kuznetsova, E.V. 2013: Ekonomicheskie svyazi antichnykh poseleniy Aziatskogo Bospora v VI– III vv. do n.e. (po dannym keramicheskoy tary). Diss. … kand. ist. Nauk [Economic Relations of Ancient Settlements of the Asian Bosporus in the 6th – 3rd Centuries BC (According to Ceramic Containers). PhD Thesis]. Saratov.
Lawall, M., Tzochev, Ch. 2020: New research on Aegean & Pontic transport amphorae of the ninth to first century BC, 2010–2020. In: Archaeological Reports 66 (2019–2020). The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies and the British School at Athens. Athens, 117–144.
Limberis, N.Yu., Marchenko, I.I. 2022: Kompleksy s amforami “Prikubanskoy” serii iz mogil`nikov gorodishсh Starokorsunskogo № 2 i khut. Lenina № 3 [Complexes with amphorae of the “Prikubanskaya” series from the burial grounds of the settlements of Starokorsunsky No. 2 and hut. Lenin No. 3]. In: A.P. Medvedev (ed.), “Ot Kavkaza do Dunaya”: Severnoe Prichernomor`e v antichnuyu epokhu. Sb. nauchnykh trudov k 70-letiyu professora S.Yu. Monakhova [“From the Caucasus to the Danube”: The Northern Black Sea Region in the Ancient Era. Papers Presented to Professor S.Yu. Monakhov in Occasion of his 70th Birthday]. Saratov, 268–282.
Lomtadze, G.A. 2005: Antichnyy import na Bospore v IV – nachale III vv. do n.e. (opyt kolichestvennogo analiza po materialam keramicheskoy tary). Diss. … kand. ist. Nauk [Antique Imports on the Bosporus in the 4th – Beginning of the 3rd Century BC (Experience of Quantitative Analysis of Ceramic Packaging materials). PhD Thesis]. Moscow.
Monakhov, S.Yu. 1999: Grecheskie amfory v Prichernomor’e: kompleksy keramicheskoy tary [Greek Amphorae in the Black Sea Region: Complexes of Ceramic Containers]. Saratov.
Monakhov, S.Yu. 2003: Grecheskie amfory v Prichernomor’e: tipologiya amfor vedushchsikh tzentrov-eksporterov tovarov v keramicheskoi tare. Katalog-opredelitel’ [Greek Amphorae in the Black Sea Region: Typology of Amphorae of the Leading Centers Exporting Goods in Ceramic Containers. Catalogue]. Moscow–Saratov.
Monakhov, S.Yu. 2020: Podarok vozhdyu: rimskaya amfora s klejmom Sestiya iz GMII [A gift to the leader: a Roman amphora with the stamp of Sestius from the SMFA]. Nizhnevolzhskij arxeologicheskij vestnik [The Lower Volga Archaeological Bulletin] 19(2), 306–310.
Monakhov, S.Yu., Kuznetsova, E.V. 2017: Overseas Trade in the Black Sea Region from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period. In: V. Kozlovskaya (ed.), The Northern Black Sea in Antiquity. Cambridge, 59–99, 294–298, 318–360.
Monakhov, S.Yu., Churekova, N.B. 2022: Hellenistic Amphorae in the Project “Greek Amphorae from the Northern Pontus Euxinus (7th – 2nd Century B.C.) – APE”. In: IARPotHP 4, 307–317.
Monakhov, S.Yu., Kuznetsova, E.V., Chistov, D.E., Churekova, N.B. 2019: Antichnaya amfornaya kollektsiya Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha VI–II vv. do n.e. Katalog [Antique Amphora Collection of the 6th–2nd Centuries BC in the State Hermitage Museum. Catalogue]. Saratov.
Monakhov, S.Yu., Kuznetsova, E.V., Churekova, N.B. 2017: Amfory V–II vv. do n.e. iz sobraniya gosudarstvennogo istoriko-arkheologicheskogo muzeya-zapovednika «Khersones Tavricheskiy ». Katalog [Amphorae of the 5th–2nd Centuries BC in. the State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve “Taurian Chersonesus”. Catalogue]. Saratov.
Monakhov, S.Yu., Kuznetsova, E.V., Fedoseev, N.F., Churekova, N.B. 2016: Amfory VI–II vv. do n.e. iz sobraniya Vostochno-Krymskogo istoriko-kul’turnogo muzeya-zapovednika. Katalog [Amphorae of the 6th–2nd Centuries BC in the East Crimean Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve. Catalogue]. Kerch–Saratov.
Monakhov, S.Yu., Kuznetsova, E.V., Tolstikov, V.P., Churekova, N.B. 2020: Amfory VI–I vv. do n.e. iz sobraniya Gosudarstvennogo muzeya izobrazitel’nykh iskusstv im. A.S. Pushkina [Amphorae of the 6th – 1st centuries BC in the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts]. Saratov.
Monakhov, S.Yu., Marchenko, I.I., Limberis, N.Yu., Kuznetsova, E.V., Churekova, N.B. 2021: Amfory Prikubanskogo nekropolya IV – nachala III v. do n.e. (iz sobraniya Krasnodarskogo gosudarstvennogo istoriko-arheologicheskogo muzeya-zapovednika imeni E.D. Felitsyna) [Amphorae of the Prikubanskiy Necropolis of the 4th – early 3rd century BC (the Krasnodar State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve named after E.D. Felitsyn)]. Saratov.
Monakhov, S.Yu., Marchenko, I.I., Limberis, N.Yu., Kuznetsova, E.V., Churekova, N.B. 2022: Amfory VII–I vv. do n.e. iz sobraniya Krasnodarskogo gosudarstvennogo istoriko-arheologicheskogo muzeya-zapovednika imeni E.D. Felitsyna [Amphorae of the 7th – 1st Centuries BC (the Krasnodar State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve named after E.D. Felitsyn)]. Saratov.
Novichenkova, N.G. 1993: Arkheologicheskaya kollektsiya Yaltinskogo istoriko-literaturnogo muzeya [The archaeological collection of the Yalta Historical and Literary Museum]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 1, 222–228.
Sezgin, Yu., Kaan Şenol, А., Cankardeş-Şenol G. 2022: İzmir Arkeoloji Müzesi Ticari Amphoraları. İstanbul.
Treister, M.Yu. (ed.) 2008: Trekhbratnie kurgany. Kurgannaya gruppa vtoroy poloviny IV–III vv. do n.e. v Vostochnom Krymu [Trekhbratnie Burial Mounds. The Kurgan Group of the Second Half of the 4th – 3rd Centuries BC in the Eastern Crimea]. Simferopol–Bonn.
- Details
- Hits: 288
Abstract
This is an overview of the collection of Neolithic and Bronze Age ceramics in the Department of Archaeology of the State Historical Museum (Moscow). This is the first of three papers that give a general description of the ceramic collection in one of the largest museums of Russia. The paper briefl y reviews the main ceramic finds of the 6th – 2nd millenniums BC from the territory of Eastern Europe, Trans-Urals and Siberia, as well as from Cyprus, stored in the Museum. The collection has been formed since the founding of the State Historical Museum and continues to grow to this day.
Keywords
Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, pottery, State Historical Museum (Moscow).
Agapov, S.A., Vasilyev, I.B., Pestrikov, V.I. 1990: Khvalynskiy eneoliticheskiy mogil‘nik [Khvalynsk Chalcolithic Necropolis]. Saratov.
Akimova, L.I., Kalinichev, D.A., Samar, O.Yu., Smolenkova, V.V. 2014: Iskusstvo drevnego Kipra v sobranii GMII im. A.S. Pushkina [Art of Ancient Cyprus in the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts]. Moscow.
Andreev, G.I. 1957: Poselenie Zaysanovka-I v Primor’e [Settlement of Zaysanovka-I in Primorye]. Sovetskaya arkheologiya [Soviet Archaeology] 2, 121–145.
Andreev, G.I. 1960: Nekotorye voprosy kul’tur yuzhnogo Primor’ya III–I tys. do n.e. [Some issues of the cultures of Southern Primorye of the 3rd – 1st millennium BC]. In: Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheoloii SSSR [Materials and Research on the Archaeology of the USSR] 86. Moscow–Leningrad, 136–161.
Andreev, G.I.: 1969. Arheologicheskie issledovaniya v Evenkii [Archaeological Research in Evenkia]. In: Proiskhozhdenie aborigenov Sibiri i ikh yazykov [The Origin of the Natives of Siberia and Their languages]. Tomsk, 188–190.
Astashova, N.I., Belotserkovskaya, I.V., Gushchina, I.I., Kaverzneva, E.D., Moshinskiy, A.P. 1988: Katalog kollektsiy V.A. Gorodtsova [A catalogue of the V.A. Gorodtsov’s collection]. In: S.V. Studzitskaya (ed.), Nasledie V.A. Gorodtsova i problemy sovremennoy arkheologii [V.A. Gorodtsov’s Heritage and Problems of Modern Archaeology] (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum 68]). Moscow, 33–62.
Attula, R., Dally, O., Huy, S., Larenok, P.A., Mommsen, H., Schlotzhauer, U., Žuravlev, D. 2014: Lokale Töpferwerkstätten am Nordpontos – Archäologische und archäometrische Untersuchungen zur Herkunftszuweisung der Keramikerzeugnisse aus der Don-Region und am Kimmerischen Bosporos. In: N. Povalahev (Hrsg.), Phanagoreia und darüber hinaus… Festschrift für Vladimir Kuznetsov (Altertümer Phanagoreias 3). Göttingen, 251–282.
Bader, O.N. 1962: Balanovskij mogil’nik [Balanovs Burial Ground]. Moscow.
Bezrukov, M.G. 1998: Nekotorye tipologicheskie gruppy krasnolakovykh antichnykh pokrytiy (po rezul’tatam khimiko-tekhnologicheskikh issledovaniy) [Some typological groups of antique red-slip coatings according to the results of chemical and technological studies]. In: D.V. Zhuravlev (ed.), Ellinisticheskaya i rimskaya keramika Severnogo Prichernomor’ya [Hellenistic and Roman Pottery of the Northern Black Sea Coast] I (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum 102]). Moscow, 120–126.
Bezrukov, M.G., Zhuravlev, D.V. 1998: Rezul’taty instrumental’nogo issledovaniya serii obraztsov antichnoy keramiki [Results of an instrumental study of a series of samples of ancient ceramics]. In: D.V. Zhuravlev (ed.), Ellinisticheskaya i rimskaya keramika Severnogo Prichernomor’ya [Hellenistic and Roman Pottery of the Northern Black Sea Coast] I (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum 102]). Moscow, 107–119.
Bratchenko, S.N. 1976: Nizhnee Podon’e v epokhu sredney bronzy. Periodizatsiya i khronologiya pamyatnikov [Lower Don in the Middle Bronze Age. Periodization and Chronology of Sites]. Kiev.
Bryusov, A.Ya. 1951: Svaynoe poselenie Modlona i drugie stoyanki v Charozerskom rayone Vologodskoy oblasti [Pile settlement of Modlona and other sites in the Charozersk district of the Vologda region]. In: Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheoloii SSSR [Materials and Research on the Archaeology of the USSR] 20. Moscow, 7–76.
Bryusov, A.Ya.: 1952: Ocherki po istorii plemen evropeyskoy chasti SSSR v neoliticheskuyu epohu [Essays on the History of Tribes of the European Part of the USSR in the Neolithic Age]. Moscow.
Bzhaniya, V.V., Solovyev, L.N. 1973: Raskopki poseleniya Kistrik [Excavations at the settlement of Kistrik]. In: Arkheologicheskie οtkrytiya 1972 g. [Archaeological Discoveries 1972]. Moscow, 3–8.
Chernetsov, V.N. 1953: Drevnyaya istoriya Nizhnego Priob’ya [Ancient History of the Lower Ob River Region]. In: Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheoloii SSSR [Materials and Research on the Archaeology of the USSR] 35. Moscow–Leningrad.
Demidenko, S.V., Zhuravlev, D.V., Trejster, M.Yu. 1997: “Kruglyy kurgan’’ iz raskopok V.G. Tizengauzena 1866 g. [“Kruglyj kurgan” from the excavations by V.G. Tizengauzen in 1866]. In: S.V. Demidenko, D.V. Zhuravlev (eds.), Drevnosti Evrazii [Antiquities of Eurasia]. Moscow, 186–215.
Dikaios, P., Stewart, J.R.: 1962: The Swedish Cyprus Expedition. Vol. IV. Pt. IA. The Stone Age and the Early Bronze Age in Cyprus. Lund.
Dmitriev, P.A. 1938: Vtoraya Andreevskaya stoyanka [Second Andreevskaya site]. In: Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum] 7. Moscow, 93–110.
Emelyanov, A.V., Kashina, E.A. 2005: Raskopki poseleniya Velikodvor’e I v Shaturskom rayone Moskovskoy oblasti [Excavations at the settlement of Velikodvorye I in the Shatura district of the Moscow region]. In: Arkheologicheskie οtkrytiya 2004 g. [Archaeological Discoveries 2004]. Moscow, 129–130.
Fedorova-Davydova, E.A. 1960: Andronovskoe pogrebenie XV–XIII vv. do n.e. (K voprosu o periodizatsii andronovskoy kul’tury) [Andronovo burial of the 15th –13th centuries BC (Regarding of periodization of the Andronovo Culture)]. In: V.P. Levasheva (ed.), Arkheologicheskiy sbornik [Archaeological Miscellany] (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum] 37). Moscow, 56–59.
Fedorova-Davydova, E.A. 1970: Pogrebeniya epokhi bronzy mogil’nika Pyatimary I [Bronze Age Burials of the Pyatimary I burial ground]. In: V.G. Verzhbitskiy (ed.), Ezhegodnik Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya 1965–1966 [Yearbook of the State Historical Museum 1965–1966]. Moscow, 55–61.
Folomeev, B.A., Chernaj, I.L. 1980: K voprosu o rannem tkachestve v lesnoy polose Vostochnoy Evropy [Regarding of early weaving the forest zone of Eastern Europe]. In: T.B. Popova, D.L. Talis, M.V. Fekhner, A.I. Shkurko (eds.), Istoriya i kul’tura Evrazii po arkheologicheskim dannym [History and Culture of Eurasia according to the Archaeological Data] (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum] 51). Moscow, 49–52.
Foss, M.E. 1952: Drevneyshaya istoriya severa Evropeyskoy chasti SSSR [Ancient History of the North-European Part of the USSR] (Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheoloii SSSR [Materials and Research on the Archaeology of the USSR] 29). Moscow.
Furumark, A. 1941: The Mycenaean Pottery. Analysis and Classification. Stockholm (Reprinted in 1972).
Furumark, А. 1992: Mycenaean Pottery III. Plates. Stockholm.
Gak, E.I. 2011: Poseleniya epokhi bronzy na severnoy okraine donskoy lesostepi [Settlements of the Bronze Age on the Northern Outskirts of the Don Forest-Steppe]. Moscow.
Gerasimov, M.M., Chernykh, E.N. 1975: Raskopki Fofanovskogo mogil’nika v 1959 g. [Excavations at Fofanovskiy burial ground in 1959]. In: A.M. Mandelshtam (ed.), Pervobytnaya arkheologiya Sibiri [Prehistorical Archaeology of Siberia]. Leningrad, 23–48.
Glasko, M.P., Folomeev, B.A. 1996: Cherepki – arkheologicheskiy i prirodnyy fenomen doliny Oki [Cherepki, an archaeological and natural phenomenon of the Oka Valley]. In: I.V. Belotserkovskaya, V.P. Chelyapov (eds.), Arheologicheskie pamyatniki Okskogo Bassejna [Archaeological Sites of the Oka River Basin]. Ryazan, 7–33.
Gorodtsov, V.A. 1901: Russkaya doistoricheskaya keramika [Russian Prehistorical Pottery]. Moscow.
Karageorghis, V., Bukina, A., Collon, D., Diukov, Yu., Isaenko, N., Kunina, N., Neverov, O., Savelyev, Yu., Tugusheva, O., Zhuravlev, D. 2005: Ancient Cypriot Art in Russian Museums. The State Historical Museum, Moscow. The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow. The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg. Nicosia.
Karageorghis, V., Chamay, J., Chrzanovski, L., Decorouez, D., Zimmermann, J.-L. 2004: Ancient Cypriote Art in the Musée D΄Art et D΄Histoire, Geneva. Athens.
Karageorghis, V., Rasmussen, B.B., Sørensen, L.W., Lund, J., Horsnæs Nielsen, A.M. 2001: Ancient Cypriote Art in Copenhagen. The Collections of the National Museum of Denmark and the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Nicosia.
Kashina, E., Petrova, N. 2019: The Kargopol type ceramics – the first pottery of the East European Plain Northern part? Documenta Praehistorica XLVI, 174–182.
Kashina, E.A., Petrova, N.Yu. 2021: Keramika kargopol’skogo tipa na Severe evropeyskoj chasti Rossii v kontekste sovremennykh predstavleniy o rannem neolite lesnoy zony russkoy ravniny [Pottery of the Kargopol type in the North of the European part of Russia in the context of modern ideas about the early Neolithic of the forest zone of the Russian plain]. In: Tverskoy arheologicheskiy sbornik [Tver Archaeological Miscellany] 12. Tver, 334–344.
Kaverzneva, E.D., 2012: Pogrebenie s lad’ey-kolybel’yu iz Shagarskogo mogil’nika epokhi bronzy [Burial with a boat-cradle in the Shagara burial ground of the Bronze Age]. In: I.V. Belotserkovskaya (ed.), Obrazy vremeni. Iz istorii drevnego iskusstva. K 80-letiyu S.V. Studzitskoy [Images of Time. From the History of Ancient Art. To the 80th Anniversary of S.V. Studzitskaya] (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum] 189). Moscow, 57–63.
Kiselev, S.V. 1935: Andronovskie pamyatniki bliz s. Ust’-Erba v Khakasii [Andronovo sites near the village of Ust-Erba, Khakassia]. Sovetskaya etnografiya [Soviet Ethnography] 4–5, 206–210.
Kiselev, S.V. 1937: Raskopki karasukskogo mogil’nika na r. Beya v Khakasii letom 1936 g. [Excavations at the Karasuk burial ground on the river Beya in Khakassia in the summer of 1936]. Sovetskaya arkheologiya [Soviet Archaeology] 4, 324–326.
Kiselev, S.V. 1951: Drevnyaya istoriya Yuzhnoy Sibiri [Ancient History of Southern Siberia]. Moscow.
Klimkova, I.V. 1994: Ranneneoliticheskaya keramika Sredney Oki (tekhnologicheskie nablyudeniya). [Early Neolithic pottery of the Middle Oka River (technological observations)]. In: G.F. Polyakova (ed.), Drevnosti Oki [Antiquities of the Oka River] (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum] 85). Moscow, 20–26.
Klimkova, I.V. 1996: Odoevskie fermy 1 (materialy pogrebeniy) [Odoevskie fermy 1: materials from burials]. In: I.V. Belotserkovskaya, V.P. Chelyapov (ed.), Arkheologicheskie pamyatniki Okskogo basseyna [Archaeological Sites of the Oka Basin]. Ryazan, 33–53.
Korenevskiy, S.N., Petrenko, V.G. 1982: Kurgan maykopskoy kul’tury u poselka Inozemtsevo [Burial mound of the Maykop Culture near the village of Inozemtsevo]. Sovetskaya arkheologiya [Soviet Archaeology] 2, 96–112.
Kraynov, D.A. 1960: Peshchernaya stoyanka Tash-Air I kak osnova periodizatsii poslepaleoliticheskikh kul’tur Kryma [Tash-Air I Cave Site as the Basis for the Periodization of the Post-Paleolithic Cultures of Crimea] (Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheoloii SSSR [Materials and Research on the Archaeology of the USSR] 91). Moscow.
Kraynov, D.A. 1963: Pamyatniki fat’yanovskoj kul’tury. Moskovskaya gruppa [Sites of Fatyanovo Culture. Moscow Group] (Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov [Corpus of Archaeological Sources] V1–19). Moscow.
Kraynov, D.A. 1996: Verkhnevolzhskaya kul’tura [Upper Volga culture]. In: S.V. Oshibkina (ed.), Neolit Severnoy Evrazii. Arkheologiya [Neolithic of Northern Eurasia. Archaeology]. Moscow, 166–173.
Krivtsova-Grakova, O.A., 1948: Alekseevskoe poselenie i mogil’nik [Alekseevskoe settlement and burial ground]. In: Arheologicheskiy sbornik [Archaeological Miscellany] (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum] 17). Moscow, 57–172.
Krizhevskaya, L.Ya., 1977: Rannebronzovoe vremya v Yuzhnom Zaural’e [Early Bronze Age in the Southern Trans-Urals]. Leningrad.
Mazurkevich,A.N., Kulkova, M.A., Dolbunova, E.V. (eds.) 2016: Radiouglerodnaya khronologiya epokhi neolita Vostochnoy Evropy VII–III tysyacheletiya do n.e. [Radiocarbon Neolithic Chronology of Eastern Europe of the 7th – 3rd millenniums BC]. Smolensk.
Merpert, N.Ya. 1958: Iz drevneyshey istorii Srednego Povolzh’ya [From the Earliest History of the Middle Volga River Region] (Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheoloii SSSR [Materials and Research on the Archaeology of the USSR] 61). Moscow.
Mommsen, H., Schlotzhauer, U., Zhuravlev, D. 2018: Determining the provenance of Archaic pottery imports from the settlement Golubitskaya 2 on the Taman peninsula. In: V.Yu. Zuev, V.A. Khrshanovskiy (eds.), Bosporskiy fenomen. Obshchee i osobennoe v istorikokul’turnom prostranstve antichnogo mira. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii [Bosporan Phenomenon. General and Special in the Historical and Cultural Space of the Ancient World. Materials of the International Scientific Conference]. Saint Petersburg, 286–291.
Mommsen, H., Zhuravlev, D.V., Schlotzhauer, U. 2016: Arheometricheskie issledovaniya proiskhozhdeniya keramiki [Archaeometric studies of the origin of ceramics]. In: D.V. Zhuravlev, U. Schlotzhauer (ed.), Drevnie elliny mezhdu Pontom Evksinskim i Meotidoy. K 10-letiyu Bosporskoy arheologicheskoy ekspeditsii [Ancient Greeks between Pontus Euxeinus and the Maeotis. To the 10th Anniversary of the Bosporan Archaeological Mission]. Moscow, 90–93.
Morris, D. 1985: The Art of Ancient Cyprus: with a Check-List of the Author’s Collection. Oxford.
Moshinskaya, V.I. 1957: Suzgun-II – pamyatnik epokhi bronzy lesnoy polosy Zapadnoy Sibiri [Suzgun-II, a site of the Bronze Age in the forest zone of Western Siberia]. In: Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheoloii SSSR [Materials and Research on the Archaeology of the USSR] 58. Moscow, 114–135.
Moshinskiy, A.P. 2019: Keramicheskiy kompleks kobanskogo poseleniya Sauar v kontekste kobano-kolhidskoy kul’turno-istoricheskoy obshchnosti [Ceramic complex of the Koban settlement Sauar in the context of the Koban-Colchis cultural and historical community]. Kratkie soobshcheniya Instituta arkheologii [Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology] 255. Moscow, 153–168.
Munchaev, R.M., Sarianidi, V.I. 1963: Bamutskie kurgany epokhi bronzy. [Bamut burial mounds of the Bronze Age]. Kratkie soobshcheniya Instituta arkheologii [Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology] 98. Moscow, 90–98.
Okladnikov, A.P. 1950: Neolit i bronzovyy vek Pribajkal’ya. Istoriko-arheologicheskoe issledovanie [Neolithic and Bronze Age of the Baykal Region. Historical and Archaeological Studies]. Pt. I, II (Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheoloii SSSR [Materials and Research on the Archaeology of the USSR] 18). Moscow–Leningrad.
Panasyuk, N.V. 2014: Kuril’nitsy mogil’nika Zunda-Tolga v Kalmykii [Incense-burners at the Zunda-Tolga burial ground, Kalmykia]. In: Vestnik Rossiyskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya Vseobshchaya istoriya [Bulletin of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia. World History Series] 3. Moscow, 85–101.
Petrova, N.Yu. 2008: Prirodnaya orientatsiya goncharnogo proizvodstva drevnikh volosovtsev [Natural orientation of the pottery production of the ancient Volosovo tribes]. In: Trudy II(XVIII) Vserossiyskogo arkheologicheskogo s’ezda v Suzdale [Proceedings of the II(XVIII) of the All-Russian Archaeological Congress in Suzdal]. Vol. I. Moscow, 259–261.
Petrova, N.Yu. 2010: Ornamentatsiya volosovskoy keramiki kak istochnik izucheniya istorii poseleniya [Ornamental pattern of the Volosovo ceramics as a source for studying the history of the settlement]. In: Yu.B. Tsetlin, N.P. Salugina (eds.), Drevnee goncharstvo: itogi i perspektivy izucheniya [Ancient Pottery-making: Results and Prospects of Study] Moscow, 107–116.
Petrova, N.Yu. 2012: Rekonstruktsiya volosovskikh grebenchatykh i ramchatykh ornamentirov (po materialam poseleniya Velikodvor’e I) [Reconstruction of the Volosovo comb and frame decorative patterns (based on the materials of the Velikodvorye I settlement). In: I.V. Belotserkovskaya (ed.), Obrazy vremeni. Iz istorii drevnego iskusstva. K 80-letiyu S.V. Studzitskoy [Images of Time. From the History of Ancient Art. To the 80th Anniversary of S.V. Studzitskaya] 189. Moscow, 51–56.
Petrova, N.Yu. 2014: Pamyatniki afanas’evskoy kul’tury v sobranii GIM. In: D.V. Zhuravlev, N.I. Shishlina (eds.), Gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy muzey i otechestvennaya arkheologiya. K 100-letiyu otdela arkheologicheskikh pamyatnikov (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum] 201). Moscow, 44–48.
Petrova, N.Yu. 2021: Tekhnologiya izgotovleniya keramiki volosovskoy kul’tury (po materialam pos. Velikodvor’ya I) [Technology for pottery-making of the Volosovo Culture (based on materials from the settlement of Velikodvorye I). In: In: Tverskoy arheologicheskiy sbornik [Tver Archaeological Miscellany] 12. Tver, 345–352.
Piotrovskiy, Yu.Yu. (Hrsg) 2013: Bronzezeit. Europa ohne Grenzen. Katalog zur Ausstellung Saint Petersburg.
Popova, T.B. 1960: Proiskhozhdenie pozdnyakovskoy kul’tury [Origin of the Pozdnyakovo Culture]. In: V.P. Levasheva (ed.), Arkheologicheskiy sbornik [Archaeological Miscellany] (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum] 37). Moscow, 38–47.
Popova, T.B. 1969: Dopozdnyakovskie pamyatniki v Okskom basseyne [Pre-Pozdnyakovo sites in the Oka River basin]. In: V.P. Levashova (ed.), Ekspeditsii Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Expeditions of the State Historical Museum]. Moscow, 64–73.
Popova, T.B. 1988: Gruntovyy mogil’nik pozdnyakovskoy kul’tury pod Ryazan’yu [The burial ground of the Pozdnyakovo Culture near Ryazan]. In: S.V. Studzitskaya (ed.), Nasledie V.A. Gorodtsova i problemy sovremennoy arkheologii [V.A. Gorodtsov’s Heritage and Problems of Modern Archaeology] (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum 68]). Moscow, 101–137.
Raushenbakh, V.M. 1956: Srednee Zaural’e v epokhu neolita i bronzy [The Middle Trans-Urals in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages] (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum] 29). Moscow.
Raushenbakh, V.M. 1960: Fat’yanovskoe pogrebenie na neoliticheskoj stoyanke Nikolo- Perevoz [A Fatyanovo burial at the Neolithic site of Nikolo-Perevoz]. In: V.P. Levasheva (ed.), Arkheologicheskiy sbornik [Archaeological Miscellany] (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum] 37). Moscow, 28–37.
Raushenbakh, V.M. 1969: Stoyanka Nikolo-Perevoz II na Dubne v Moskovskoy oblasti [Site of Nikolo-Perevoz II on Dubna in the Moscow region]. In: V.P. Levashova (ed.), Ekspeditsii Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Expeditions of the State Historical Museum]. Moscow, 80–93.
Raushenbakh, V.M. 1970: Plemena l’yalovskoy kul’tury [Tribes of the Lyalovo Culture]. In: Okskiy bassejn v epokhu kamnya i bronzy (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum] 44). Moscow, 35–78.
Raushenbakh, V.M. 1973: Neoliticheskie plemena basseynov Verkhnego Povolzhbya i Volgo- Okskogo mezhdurech’ya [Neolithic tribes of the basins of the Upper Volga River region and the Volga-Oka Rivers interfl uve]. In: Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheoloii SSSR [Materials and Research on the Archaeology of the USSR] 172. Moscow, 152–158.
Raushenbakh, V.M. 1980: K voprosu o verkhnevolzhskoy keramike v pamyatnikakh bassejna r. Dubny [Regarding of the Upper Volga River ceramics in the sites of the basin of the Dubna River]. In: T.B. Popova, D.L. Talis, M.V. Fekhner, A.I. Shkurko (eds.), Istoriya i kul’tura Evrazii po arkheologicheskim dannym (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum] 51). Moscow, 15–24.
Sarianidi, V.I. 1961: Eneoliticheskoe poselenie Geoksyur [Eneolithic settlement of Geoksyur]. In: Trudy Yuzhno-Turkmenskoy arkheologicheskoy kompleksnoy ekspeditsii [Proceedings of the South-Turkmenistan Archaeological Complex Mission] X. Ashkhabad, 225–318.
Schlotzhauer, U., Žuravlev, D., Dan, A., Gehrke, H.-J., Kelterbaum, D., Mommsen, H. 2017: Interdisziplinäre Methoden in der Landschaftsarchäologie und andere archäometrische Untersuchungen am Beispiel der Griechischen Kolonisation im Nordpontus. In: V.I. Molodin, S. Hansen (eds.), Mul’tidisciplinarnye metody v arkheologii: noveyshie itogi i perspektivy. Materialy mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma “Mul’tidisciplinarnye metody v arkheologii: noveyshie itogi i perspektivy» (22–26 iyunya 2015 g., Novosibirsk) [Multidisciplinary Methods in Archaeology: Newest Results and Perspectives. Proceedings of the International Symposium “Multidisciplinary Methods in Archaeology: Newest Results and Prospects” (June 22–26, 2015, Novosibirsk)]. Novosibirsk, 392–404.
Shishlina, N.I. 2004: Glinyanye pechati-shtampy mogil’nika Mandzhikiny-1 v Kalmykii [Clay seals-stamps of the Mandzhikiny-1 burial ground, Kalmykia]. Rossiyskaya arkheologiya [Russian Archaeology] 3, 136–143.
Shishlina, N.I. 2007: Severo-Zapadnyy Prikaspiy v epokhu bronzy (V–III tys. do n.e.) [North- Western Caspian in the Bronze Age (5th – 3rd millenniums BC)] (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum] 165). Moscow.
Shishlina, N.I., Tsutskin, E.V., Firsov, K.B. 2001: Arkheologicheskie issledovaniya mogil’nikov Mu-Sharet v Iki-Burul’skom rayone respubliki Kalmykiya [Archaeological study of the Mu-Sharet burial grounds in the Iki-Burulsky district of the Republic of Kalmykia]. In: E.V. Tsutskin, N.I. Shishlina (eds.), Mogil’niki Mu-Sharet v Kalmykii: kompleksnoe issledovanie [Mu-Sharet burial grounds in Kalmykia: a comprehensive study]. Moscow–Elista, 11–73.
Smith, A.H. 1925: Corpus vasorum antiquorum. Great Britain. British Museum (Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities) (Corpus vasorum antiquorum. Great Britain fasc. 1). London.
Studzitskaya, S.V. 1971: Otrazhenie etnicheskikh processov v melkoy plastike drevneyshego naseleniya Severa Evropeyskoy chasti SSSR [Refl ection of ethnic processes in the small plastic art of the ancient population of the North European Part of the USSR]. In: S.M. Oreshnikov, T.B. Popova, V.M. Raushenbakh, A.P. Smirnov, M.V. Fekhner (eds.), Istoriya i kul’tura Vostochnoy Evropy po arkheologicheskim dannym (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum] 51). Moscow, 23–45.
Tolstov, S.P. 1948: Drevniy Khorezm. Opyt istoriko-kul’turnogo issledovaniya [Ancient Khorezm. Experience of historical and archaeological research]. Moscow.
Tsetlin, Yu.B. 2008: Neolit centra Russkoj ravniny [Neolithic of the Center of the Russian Plain]. Tula.
Tsvetkova, I.K. 1953: Volosovskie neoliticheskie plemena [Volosovo Neolithic Tribes]. In: Arkheologicheskiy sbornik [Archaeological Miscellany] (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum] 22). Moscow, 21–52.
Tsvetkova, I.K. 1959: Stoyanka Chernaya gora [Chernaya Gora site]. Kratkie soobshcheniya Instituta istorii material’noy kul’tury [Brief Communications of the Institute for the History of Material Culture] 75. Moscow, 114–122.
Tsvetkova, I.K. 1960: Novyy pamyatnik volosovskoy kul’tury bliz g. Pereslavlya-Zalesskogo [A new site of the Volosovo Culture near Pereslavl-Zalessky]. In: V.P. Levasheva (ed.), Arkheologicheskiy sbornik [Archaeological Miscellany] (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum] 37). Moscow, 48–55.
Tsvetkova, I.K. 1973: Neoliticheskie plemena Ryazanskogo techeniya Oki [Neolithic tribes of the Ryazan current of the Oka River]. In: Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheoloii SSSR [Materials and Research on the Archaeology of the USSR] 172. Leningrad, 138–145.
Tsvetkova, I.K. 1988: Volosovskaya stoyanka [Volosovo site]. In: S.V. Studzitskaya (ed.), Nasledie V.A. Gorodtsova i problemy sovremennoy arkheologii [V.A. Gorodtsov’s Heritage and Problems of Modern Archaeology] (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum 68]). Moscow, 86–100.
Tsvetkova, I.K. 1993: Pogrebeniya na stoyanke Volodary [Burials at the Volodary site]. In: S.V. Studzitskaya (ed.), Problemy arkheologii Evrazii [Problems of Eurasia Archaeology] (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum] 74). Moscow, 38–52.
Tsvetkova, I.K., Kravtsov, A.E. 1982: Keramika neoliticheskoy stoyanki Vladychinskaya- Beregovaya I [Pottery of the Neolithic site of Vladychinskaya-Beregovaya I]. Sovetskaya arkheologiya [Soviet Archaeology] 2, 82–95.
Vadetskaya, E.B. 2012: Mogil’nik Malye Kopeny II [Burial ground of Malye Kopeny]. In: N.F. Stepanova (ed.), Afanas’evskiy sbornik [Afanasiev Miscellany] 2. Barnaul, 85–102.
Videiko, M.Yu. (ed.) 2004: Enzikloedia trpil’skoi tsivilizatsii [Encyclopedia of Trypillia Civilization]. Kiev.
Zhukov, B.S. 1929: Teoriya khronologicheskikh i territorial’nykh modifikatsiy nekotorykh neoliticheskikh kul’tur Vostochnoy Evropy po dannym izucheniya keramiki [The theory of chronological and territorial modifications of some Neolithic cultures of Eastern Europe according to the study of ceramics]. Etnografiya [Ethnography] 1, 54–77.
Žuravlev, D., Demidenko, S., Treister, M. Yu. 1997: “Kruglij Kurgan”. Eine Gesamtvorlage des Materials aus den Grabungen des Barons V.G. von Tiesenhausen. Eurasia Antiqua 3, 409–435.
Zhuravlev, D.V., Firsov, K.B. 2013: Kar’er dlya dobychi gliny (?) v rayone poseleniya Golubitskaya 2 [A quarry for the extraction of clay (?) near the settlement of Golubitskaya 2]. In: I.I. Marchenko (ed.), Shestaya Mezhdunarodnaya Kubanskaya arkheologicheskaya konferentsiya. Materialy konferentsii [Sixth International Kuban Archaeological Conference. Abstracts and Papers]. Krasnodar, 123–128.
Zhuravlev, D.V., Ilyina, T.A. 2006: Kiprskie terrakoty iz kollektsii A.S. Uvarova v sobranii GIM [Cypriot terracotta figurines from the collection of A.S. Uvarov in the State Historical Museum]. In: D.V. Zhuravlev (ed.), Severnoe Prichernomor’e v epokhu antichnosti i srednevekov’ya. Pamyati N.P. Sorokinoy [North Black Sea Region in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. In memory of N.P. Sorokina] (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum] 159). Moscow, 259–279.
Zupancich, S. 1997: I vasi Ciprioti dell Età del Bronzo dei Civici Musei di Storia ed Arte di Trieste. Trieste.
- Details
- Hits: 296
Abstract
The author analyzes the issue of Aspurgus’ campaign against the Scythians and Taurians. A widespread hypothesis suggests that Aspurgus made a military campaign to Crimean Scythia between AD 15 and 23. The Bosporan king concluded a military-defensive alliance with Chersonesus, which was sanctioned by Rome. That is why he should have protected Chersonesus against attacks of the Scythians and Taurians. During the campaign, Bosporan troops defeated Scythian Neapolis and a number of the Late Scythian settlements in the northwest of Crimea. A comprehensive study of various groups of sources allows the author to come to the conclusion that the old hypothesis is not supported by any evidence. A detailed study of written, archaeological and numismatic data allowed the author to suggest that in AD 11–13 Aspurgus made a victorious military campaign against the Scythians and Taurians who lived along the southwestern borders of the European Bosporus. The successful campaign was marked with the issue of copper coins bearing the victory symbols (Ares/trophy) and the appearance of the element “subjugating the Scythians and Taurians” in the royal title of Aspurgus (CIRB 39, 40).
Keywords
Aspurgus, the Bosporan kingdom, Crimea, Chersonesus, Scythians, Taurians.
Anokhin, V.A. 1986: Monetnoe delo Bospora [The Coinage of Bosporus]. Kiev.
Antonov, E.E. 2019: Sobytiya pozdneskifskoy istorii Severo-Zapadnogo Kryma i ikh datirovka po pis’mennym istochnikam [Events of the Late Scythian History in Northwestern Crimea and their dating according to written sources]. Hypanis 1, 33–42.
Antonov, E.E. 2022: Pozdneskifskiye poseleniya Severo-Zapadnogo Kryma: printsipy organizatsii zastroyki i ikh izmeneniya [Late Scythian settlements in Northwestern Crimea: Principles of housing construction and their changes]. Kratkie soobshcheniya Instituta arkheologii [Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology] 267, 102–123
Blavatskaya, T.V. 1965: Reskripty tsarya Aspurga [The rescripts of king Aspurgus]. Sovetskaya arkheologia [Soviet Archaeology] 2, 197–209.
Blavatskiy, V.D. 1957: Stroitel’noye delo Pantikapeya po dannym raskopok 1945–1949 i 1952– 1953 gg. [Construction works in Panticapaeum according to the excavations in 1945–1949 and 1952–1953]. In: Pantikapey [Panticapaeum] (Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR [Materials and Research on the Archaeology SSSR] 56). Moscow, 5–95.
Boldyrev, S.I. 2001: Khersones i Bospor na rubezhe nashey ery po numizmaticheskim dannym [Chersonesus and Bosporus on the turn of our era according to the numismatic data]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquates of the Bosporus] 4, 125–130.
Bonin, A.V. 2006: Pamyatniki khory Bospora I v. do n. e.: eshche raz o khronologii ob’yektov signal’no-oboronitel’noy sistemy [Sites on the Bosporan chora of the 1st century BC: ones again on the chronology of objects of the signal-defensive system]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 3, 8–42.
Bonin, A.V. 2017: Poseleniya Bospora I v. do n.e.– nachala II v. n.e. [Bosporan settlements of the 1st century BC – beginning of the 1st century AD]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 4, 109–119.
Frolova, N.А. 1997: Monetnoe delo Bospora (seredina I v do n.e. – seredina IV v. n.e.) [The Bosporan coinage (the mid-1st century BC – mid-4th century AD)]. Vol. I. Moscow.
Frolova. N.A. 1989: Mednyye monety Bospora kontsa I v. do n.e. – nachala I v. n.e. [Copper coins of the Bosporus of the end of the 1st century BC – beginning of the 1st century AD]. Nunismatika i epigrafika [Numismatics and Epigraphic] 15, 3–18.
Gavrilov, A.V. 2004: Okruga antichnoy Feodosii [Environs of Ancient Theodosia]. Simferopol.
Gavrilov, A.V. 2018: Gorodishche Yaman Tash i rvy v Starokrymskoy doline [The settlement of Yaman Tash and moats in the Starokrymskaya Valley]. Istoriya i arkheologiya Kryma [History and Archaeology of Crimea] 18, 149–164.
Gavrilov, A.V., Trufanov, A.A. 2014: Svyatilishche Taur-Alan II v. do n.e. – pervoy poloviny I v. n.e. v Yugo-Vostochnom Krymu [The Sanctuary of Taur-Alan of the 1st century BC – the first half of the 1st century AD in the south-east Crimea]. Istoriya i arkheologiya Kryma [History and Archaeology of Crimea] 1, 73–152.
Gavrilov, A.V., Trufanov, A.A. 2018: Novyy antichnyy pamyatnik na gore Kara-Tau [New ancient site on the Mount Kara-Tau]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquates of the Bosporus] 18, 126–164.
Gaydukevich, V.F. 1949: Bosporskoye tsarstvo [The Bosporan Kingdom]. Moscow–Leningrad.
Gaydukevich, V.F. 1952: Arkheologiya i istoriya Bospora [Archaeology and History of the Bosporus]. Simferopol.
Golenko, K.V., Shelov, D.B. 1963: Monety iz raskopok Pantikapeya 1945–1961 gg. [Coins from excavations at Panticapaeum in 1945–1961]. Numizmatika i sfragistika [Numismatics and Sphragistics] I. Kiev, 3–65.
Gratsianskaya, L.I. 1988: “Geografiya” Strabona. Problemy istochnikovedeniya [Strabo’s “Geography”. Problems of source studies]. In: Drevneyshiye gosudarstva na territorii SSSR. Materialy i issledovaniya. 1986 [The Most Ancient States on the Territory of USSR. Materials and Studies. 1986]. Moscow.
Kalistov, D.P. 1940: Politika Avgusta v Severnom Prichernomor’ye [Policy of Augustus in the North Black Sea]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 2, 65–77.
Khrapunov, I.N. 2004: Etnicheskaya istoriya Kryma v rannem zheleznom veke [Ethnic History of Crimea in the Early Iron Age]. Simferopol.
Koltukhov, S.G. 1990: Novyye materialy k periodizatsii i rekonstruktsii oboronitel’nykh sooruzheniy Neapolya Skifskogo [New materials on the periodization and reconstruction of the defensive system of Scythian Neapolis]. Sovetskaya arkheologia [Soviet Archaeology] 2, 176–188
Koltukhov, S.G. 1994: Zametki o voyenno-politicheskoy istorii Krymskoy Skifii [Notes on the military and political history of Crimean Scythia]. In: Drevnosti stepnogo Prichernomor’ya i Kryma [Antiquities of the Stepp Black Sea Region and Crimea] 4. Zaporozhe, 206–221.
Koltukhov, S.G. 1999: Ukrepleniya Krymskoy Skifii [Fortifications of Crimean Scythia]. Simferopol.
Lantsov S.B., Yurochkin V.Yu. 2001: “Varvarskaya” posuda Kutlakskoy kreposti [“Barbarian” pottery from the Kutlak Fortters]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquates of the Bosporus] 4, 254–290.
Lantsov, S.B. 1999: Kratkiye svedeniya o bosporskoy kreposti Kutlak – Afineone (?) Psevda- Arriana [Some brief information on the Bosporan Fortress Kutlak – Athenaeon (?) of Pseudo-Arrian]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 1, 121–136.
Latyshev, V.V. 1909: PONTIKA. Saint Petersburg.
Lysenko, A.V. 2009: Svyatilishcha rimskogo vremeni yuzhnoy chasti Gornogo Kryma (opyt sistematizatsii) [Roman-era sanctuaries in the southern part of the Mountain Crimea (experience of systematization]. Stratum Plus 4, 374–400.
Lysenko, A.V. 2018: Kul’turno-istoricheskiye protsessy v yuzhnoy chasti Gornogo Kryma rimskogo vremeni (I v. do n.e. – IV v. n.e.) [Cultural and historical processes in the southern part of the Mountain Crimea of the Roman period (the 1st century BC – 4th century AD)]. In: V.Yu. Zuev, V.A. Khrshanovskiy (eds.), Bosporskiy fenomen. Obshchee i osobennoe v istoriko-kul’turnom prostranstve antichnogo mira [Bosporan Phenomenon. General and Special in the Historical and Cultural Space of the Ancient World]. Pt. 2. Saint Petersburg, 218–225.
Maslennikov, A.A. 1995: Polemon I na Bospore [Polemo I in the Bosporus]. Bosporskiy sbornik [Bosporan Miscellany] 6. Moscow, 158–165.
Maslennikov, A.A. 1998: Ellinskaya khora na krayu Oykumeny. Sel’skaya territoriya Yevropeyskogo Bospora v antichnuyu epokhu [Greek Chora on the Edge of the Oecumene. Rural Territory of the European Bosporus in Antiquity]. Moscow.
Novichenkova, N.G. 2015: Gornyy Krym (II v. do n.e. – II v. n.e.). Po materialam raskopok svyatilishcha u perevela Gurzufskoye Sedlo [Mountain Crimea (the 2nd century BC – 1st century AD). Based on the Materials of the Excavations at the Sanctuary near the Gurzufskoe Sedlo Pass]. Simferopol’.
Popova, E.A. 1998: O Severo-Prichernomorskom domostroitel’stve I v. do n.e. – I v. n.e. (po materialam kvartala Zapad-II gorodishcha “Chayka”) [Regarding the North Black Sea house-building of the 1st century BC – 1st century AD (based on materials from the Zapad-II quarter of the “Chayka” settlement). In: V.L. Yanin (ed.), Istoricheskaya Arkheologiya. Traditsii i perspektivy. K 80-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya D.A. Avdusina [Historical Archaeology. Traditions and Prospects. Studies Presented to D.A. Avdusin on occasion on His 80th Birthday]. Moscow, 182–195.
Puzdrovskiy, A.E. 1999a: Etnicheskaya istoriya Krymskoy Skifii (II v. do n.e. – III v. n.e.) [Ethnic history of Crimean Scythia in the 2nd century BC – 3rd century AD]. Khersonesskiy sbornik [Chersonesus Miscellany] 10, 209–225.
Puzdrovskiy, A.E. 1999b: Ocherk etnosotsial’noy istorii Krymskoy Skifii (II v. do n.e. – III v. n.e.) [An essay of the ethnosocial history of Crimean Scythia in the 2nd c. BC – 3rd c. AD]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 4, 97–119.
Raevskiy, D.S. 1973: K istorii greko-skifskikh otnosheniy (II v. do n.e. – I v. n.e.) [On the history of Greco-Scythian relations in the 2nd c. BC – 1st c. AD)]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 2, 113–118.
Saprykin, S.Yu. 2002: Bospor na rubezhe dvukh epoch [Bosporus at the Turn of Two Epochs]. Moscow.
Saprykin, S.Yu. 2005: Denezhnoye obrashcheniye na khore Khersonesa Tavricheskogo v antichnuyu epokhu [Currency on the Chora of Taurian Chersonesus in Antiquity]. Moscow.
Saprykin, S.Yu. 2018: Drevneye Prichernomor’ye [The Ancient Black Sea] (Trudy istoricheskogo fakul’teta MGU 114. Ser. 2. Istoricheskiye issledovaniya 65) ([Proceedings of the Historical Faculty of the Moscow State University 114. Ser. 2. Historical Studies 65]. Moscow.
Shaptsev, M.S. 2016: Ekonomicheskiye svyazi varvarskogo naseleniya Severo-Zapadnogo Kryma vo II v. do n.e. – nachale II v. n.e. po amfornoy tare i krasnolakovoy keramike [Economic links of the barbarian population of Northwestern Crimea in the 2nd c. BC to the early 2nd c. AD based on the analysis of amphorae and red-slip pottery]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 2, 163–178.
Shevchenko, N.F. 2009: Krasnobatareynoye gorodishche. Staryye problemy, novyye issledovaniya [The Krasnobatareynoye Settlement. The old problems, new studies]. In: Pyataya Kubanskaya arkheologicheskaya konferentsiya. Materialy konferentsii [Fifth Kuban Archaeological Conference. Conference materials]. Krasnodar, 434–438.
Sokolskiy, N.I. 1976: Tamanskiy tolos i rezidentsiya Khrisaliska [The Taman Tolos and the Residence of Chrisaliskos]. Moscow.
Turovskiy, E.Ya. 2011: Ob otnosheniyakh Bospora i Khersonesa vo vtoroy polovine I do n.e. – pervoy polovine I v. n.e. po numizmaticheskim dannym [Concerning the Bosporan- Chersonesus relations in the second half of the 1st c. BC – the first half of the 1st c. AD]. In: Bosporskiy Fenomen. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii [Bosporan Phenomenon. Materials of International Scientific Conference]. Saint Petersburg, 386–391
Turovskiy, Ye.Ya. 2013: K voprosu o zavisimosti Khersonesa Tavricheskogo ot Bosporskogo tsarstva po numizmaticheskim i epigraficheskim dannym [On the dependence of Taurian Chersonesus from the Bosporan Kingdom according to numismatic and epigraphic data]. In: Bosporskiy Fenomen. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii [Bosporan Phenomenon. Materials of International Scientific Conference]. Saint Petersburg, 657–662.
Turovskiy, E.Ya. 2014: Monetnoye delo Khersonesa: mezhdu Mitridatom Yevpatorom i imperatorom Tiberiyem (63 g. do n. e. – 37 g. n. e.) [Coinage of Chersonesus: between Mithridates Eupatoros and Emperor Tiberius (63 BC – AD 37)]. Stratum Plus 6, 307–314.
Turovskiy, E.Ya. 2018: Khersones i bosporskiye tsari vo vtoroy polovine I v. do n. e. – pervoy polovine I v. do n. e. [Chersonesus and the Bosporan Kings in the second half of the 1st c. BC – first half of the 1st c. AD]. In: V.Yu. Zuev, V.A. Khrshanovskiy (eds.), Bosporskiy fenomen. Obshchee i osobennoe v istoriko-kul’turnom prostranstve antichnogo mira [Bosporan Phenomenon. General and Special in the Historical and Cultural Space of the Ancient World]. Pt. 2. Saint Petersburg, 84–90.
Tyurin, M.I. 2010: Khersones i Bospor vo vtoroy polovine I v. do n.e.: ot zavisimosti k soyuzu. [Chersonesus and Bosporus in the second half of the 1st c. BC: from dependence to union]. Prichernomor’ye. Istoriya, politika, kul’tura [The Black Sea. Historia, Politic, Culture] 3. Ser. A, 153–163.
Uzhentsev, V.B. 1999: Bospor i Severo-Zapadnyy Krym v pervyye veka n.e. (Problemy etnokul’turnykh kontaktov po materialam raskopok Kalos Limena) [Bosporus and North-Western Crimea in the first centuries of our era (problems of ethno-cultural contacts based on the materials of the excavations of Kalos Limen). In: Bosporskiy fenomen: grecheskaya kul’tura na periferii antichnogo mira. Materialy mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoy konferentsii [Bosporan Phenomenon: Greek Culture on the Periphery of the Ancient World. Materials of the International Scientific Conference]. Saint Petersburg, 310–314.
Vinogradov, Yu.A., Goroncharovskiy, V.A. 2005: Voyennaya istoriya i voyennoye delo Bospora Kimmeriyskogo (VI v. do n.e. – seredina III v. n.e.) [Military History and Warfare of the Cimmerian Bosporus (the 6th century BC – the middle of the 3rd century AD)] (Trudy Instituta istorii material’noy kul’tury RAN [Proceedings of the Institute for History of Material Culture RAS] 25). Saint Petersburg.
Vinogradov, Yu.G. 1992: Polemon, Khersones i Rim [Polemon, Chersonesus and Rome]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 3, 130–140.
Vinokurov, N.I. 2010: Bosporo-rimskaya voyna 44/45–49 gg. i gibel’ ranney tsitadeli gorodishcha Artazian (po materialam raskopok 2004–2008 gg.) [The Bosporan-Roman War of AD 44/45-49 and the death of the early citadel of the Artezian settlement (based on the materials of excavations in 2004-2008)]. In: SYMBOLA. Antichnyy mir Severnogo Prichernomor’ya. Noveyshiye nakhodki i otkrytiya [SYMBOLA. Ancient World of the North Black Sea. Recent Finds and Discoveries] 1. Moscow–Kiev, 38–44.
Vnukov, S.Yu. 1994: Raskopki na Kara-Tobe u g. Saki [Excavations at the Kara-Tobe Settlement near Saki]. In: Arkheologicheskiye issledovaniya v Krymu v 1993 g. [Archaeological Studies in Crimea in 1993]. Simferopol, 60–67.
Vnukov, S.Yu. 2006: Prichernomorskiye amfory I v. do n.e. – II v. n.e. Ch. 2. Petrografiya, khronologiya, problemy torgovli [Pontic Amphorae of the 1st Century BC – 2nd Century AD. Pt. 2. Petrography, Chronology, Problems of Trade]. Moscow.
Vysotskaya, T.N. 1979: Neapol’ – stolitsa gosudarstva pozdnikh skifov [Neapolis, the Capital of the Late Scythian State]. Kiev.
Yartsev, S.V., Zubarev, V.G., Smekalov S.L. 2018: Sistema oborony Evropeyskogo Bospora v period pravleniya tsarya Asandra (po materialam arkheologicheskikh razvedok v urochishche Adzhiel’ 2018 g.) [The defense system of the European Bosporus during the reign of King Asander (based on the materials of archaeological exploration in the tract of Adzhiel in 2018)]. Istoricheskaya i sotsial’no-obrazovatel’naya mysl’ [Historical, Social and Educational Thought] 10.5/2, 25–34.
Yaylenko, V.P. 2010: Tysyacheletniy Bosporskiy reykh. Istoriya i epigrafika Bocpora VI v. do n.e. – V v. n.e. [Thousand-Year-Old Bosporan Reich. History and Epigraphy of the Bosporus in the 6th century BC – 5th century AD]. Moscow.
Zavoykina, N.V. 2013: Bosporskie fiasy: mezhdu polisom i monarkhiey [Bosporan Thiasi: Between the Polis and Monarchy]. Moscow.
Zavoykina, N.V. 2023a: Aspurg, tsar’ Bospora (9/8 g. do n.e. – 38 g. n.e.) [Aspurgus, the Bosporan Kind (BC 9/8 – AD 38]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 28 (forthcoming).
Zavoykina, N.V. 2023b: O tak nazyvaymoy “tamge” Aspurga [Regarding the so-called “tamga” of Aspurgus. Hypanis 5 (forthcoming).
Zavoykina, N.V., Novichikhin A.M., Konstantinov V.A. 2018: Novaya posvyatitel’naya nadpis’ Aspurga iz Gorgippii [New dedicatory inscription of Aspurgus from Gorgippia]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 3, 680–692.
Zaytsev, Yu.P. 2003: Neapol’ Skifskiy (II v. do n.e. – III v. n.e.) [Scythian Neapolis (the 2nd century BC – 3rd century AD]. Simferopol.
Zaytsev, Yu.P. 2018: U zapadnykh granits Bospora. Varvary Tsentral’nogo Kryma po rezul’tatam noveyshikh issledovaniy [At the western borders of the Bosporus. Barbarians of the Central Crimea according to the Results of the Latest Research]. In: V.Yu. Zuev, V.A. Khrshanovskiy (eds.), Bosporskiy fenomen. Obshchee i osobennoe v istoriko-kul’turnom prostranstve antichnogo mira [Bosporan Phenomenon. General and Special in the Historical and Cultural Space of the Ancient World]. Pt. 2. Saint Petersburg, 206–211.
Zograf, A.N. 1951: Antichnyye monety [Ancient Coins] (Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheoloii SSSR [Materials and Research on the Archaeology of the USSR] 16). Moscow– Leningrad.
Zubar, V.M. 1987: Iz istorii Khersonesa Tavricheskogo na rubezhe nashey ery [From the history of Taurian Chersonesus at the turn of our era]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 2, 118–129.
Zubar, V.M: 1998: Severnyy Pont i Rimskaya imperiya [Northern Pontus and the Roman Empire]. Kiev.
- Details
- Hits: 285
Abstract
The article deals with the problem of localization of the mythical Hyperborean people who lived in Northern Eurasia beyond the Riphean Mountains. Their place of residence was determined by diff erent authors in diff erent ways: from Celtic to Northern India and China. Pliny the Elder in his “Natural History” gives 5 versions of the location of the Hyperboreans (NH. IV. 89-90; VI. 34, 55, 219). These versions are contradictory and refl ect the whole spectrum of opinions that existed in ancient times – this is the extreme north of Eastern Europe, where the Hyperboreans have been located since the time of Herodotus, the more southern regions, the north of China, and an island located in the ocean between our Ecumene and the land of the antipodes. Since the definition of the ocean in which the Hyperborean Island was located is problematic (the Pacific Ocean or the Atlantic Sea?), most of the article is devoted to this issue. In our opinion, this island should be located in the North Atlantic, since the land of the antipodes opposite to our Ecumene should be localized in the western hemisphere in its northern segment. The article provides ancient evidence of the tradition of the location of the Hyperboreans in the western part of Europe (Ecumene), and Hecateus of Abdera, whose work “On the Hyperboreans” was mentioned by Pliny himself, directly places the Hyperboreans on an island in the North Atlantic (“opposite the Celtic”). The considered passages of Pliny allow us to see the basic principles of the encyclopedic method of presenting information; these are: taking into account as many opinions of previous authors as possible, as a rule, without polemics with them, even if Pliny does not agree with them, sometimes expressing skepticism about the opinions quoted, and sometimes expressing his own opinion. This is the case with the Hyperboreans: having expressed in a somewhat skeptical form various versions of their localization, Pliny nevertheless categorically declares that such a people exists (NH. IV. 91).
Keywords
Pliny the Elder, “Natural History”, Hyperboreans, their localization.
Bolton, J.D.P. 1062: Aristeas of Proconnesus. Oxford.
Daebritz, H. 1916: Hyperboreer. RE 9, 258–279.
Gagné, R. 2021: Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece. A Philology of Worlds. Cambridge.
Herrmann, A. 1942: Ottorocorrai. RE 36.3, 1888–1889.
Geus, K. 2000: Utopie und Geographie: Zum Weltbild der Griechen in frühhellenistischer Zeit. Orbis Terrarum 6, 55–90.
Kauffmann, G. 1894: Antipodes. RE 1, 2531–2533.
Kiessling, E. 1914: ῾Ρίπαια ὄρη. RE 2. Reihe. 1, 846–916.
Podossinov, A.V. 2012: Gekatey Abderskiy. “O giperboreyakh”. Vvedeniye, drevnegrecheskiy i latinskiy tekst fragmentov, russkiy perevod i kommentariy [Hecataeus of Abdera. “About the Hyperboreans”. Introduction, ancient Greek and Latin text of fragments, Russian translation and commentary]. In: A.V. Podossinov (ed.), Trudy kafedry drevnikh yazykov istoricheskogo fakul’teta MGU 3 [Proceedings of the Department of Classical Languages, Faculty of History, Moscow State University 3]. Moscow, 146–185.
Podossinov, A.V. 2023a: Book review: Renaud Gagné. Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece. A Philology of Worlds. Cambridge University Press, 2021. Vestnik Drevney Istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 83/1, 992–1000.
Podossinov, A.V. 2023b: Eshche raz o marshrute giperboreyskikh darov na Delos [Once again about the route of the Hyperborean gifts to Delos] (forthcoming).
Podossinov, A.V., Denisov, A.O. 2016: Ripeyskie gory v antichnoy i srednevekovoy geokartografi i [Riphean Mountains in ancient and medieval geocartography]. Aristey [Aristeas] 14, 53–160.
Podossinov, A.V., Skrzhinskaya, M.V. 2011: Rimskiye geograficheskiye istochniki: Pomponiy Mela i Pliniy Starshiy. Teksty, perevod, kommentariy [Roman Geographic Sources: Pomponius Mela and Pliny the Elder. Texts, Translation, Commentary]. Мoscow.
Römer, Fr. 1967: Untersuchungen zur Geographie Europas in der Naturalis Historia des Älteren Plinius. Diss. Wien.
Rohde, E. 1876: Der griechische Roman und seine Vorläufer. Leipzig.
Roller, D.W. 2022: A guide to the geography of Pliny the Elder. Cambridge.
Sallmann, K.G. 1971: Die Geographie des Älteren Plinius in ihrem Verhältnis zu Varro. Versuch einer Quellenanalyse (Untersuchungen zur antiken Literatur und Geschichte. 11). Berlin– New York
Starostin, B.A. 2007: Pliniy Starshiy i ego “Estestvennaya istoriya” [perevod IV knigi] [Pliny the Elder and his “Historia naturalis” [translation of the Sixth book]]. Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniya i tekhniki [Questions of the History of Natural Science and Technology] 3, 104–110.
Shakhov, Yu.A. 2019: Martsian Kapella. Brakosochetaniye Filologii i Merkuriya. Perevod, kommentariy, vstupitel’naya stat’ya Yu.A. Shakhova [Marcianus Capella. Marriage of Philology and Mercury. Translation, Commentary, Introductory Article by Yu.A. Shakhov]. Moscow–Saint Petersburg.
Schnabel, P. 1935: Die Weltkarte des Agrippa als wissenschaftliches Mittelglied zwischen Hipparch und Ptolemaeus. Philologus 90, 405–440.
Shcheglov, D.A. 2005: Drevneyshiye grecheskiye opisaniya Skifii v interpretatsii ellinisticheskoy geografii [The oldest Greek descriptions of Scythia in the interpretation of Hellenistic geography]. In: Drevneyshiye gosudarstva Vostochnoy Yevropy, 2003 g. Mnimyye real’nosti v antichnykh i srednevekovykh tekstakh [The Most Ancient States of Eastern Europe. 2003. Imaginary Realities in Ancient and Medieval Texts]. Moscow, 281–299.
Tomaschek, W. 1888: Kritik der ältesten Nachrichten über den Skythischen Norden. I. Über das Arimaspische Gedicht des Aristeas (Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philos.-histor. Klasse. Bd. 116). Wien.
Winkler, G. (ed.) 2002: C. Plinius Secundus der Ältere. Naturkunde. Lateinisch-Deutsch. Bücher III/IV. Geographie: Europa. Herausgegeben und übersetzt von G. Winkler in Zusammenarbeit mit R. König. 2. Aufl. Düsseldorf–Zürich.
- Details
- Hits: 302
Abstract
This article discusses the fish known among ancient Greeks of the Black Sea and more generally as the antakaios. It is the sturgeon, and perhaps specifically a variety called the “starry sturgeon” (Acipenser stellatus). The fish appears in texts and archaeological remains. Near the end of the fourth century BC the Bosporan kingdom issued large bronze coins which clearly show this species of sturgeon. It is easily identified by its long, thin snout, and it is among the various species of fish which Greeks also called oxyrhynchos or “sharp snout.” The fish was important to the economy and daily life of the northern Black Sea, as we hear already in Herodotus (4. 53). However, on these Bosporan coins we find the fish among the iconography of myth and religion, that raises the question as to whether the fish also had a significant place in the beliefs and cults of the region. We know that fish-cult was connected to the cult of Aphrodite Ourania at Ascalon. Here it is suggested that the starry sturgeon may have been linked to the goddess also in the Bosporan kingdom, especially in view of its appearance (the star-like plates along its body) and its particular liking for foam (aphros), which was noticed in antiquity. Finally, we many wonder whether the Bosporans who famously visited the Nile in Egypt took an interest in the oxyrhynchos fish that received cult there, the so-called “elephant fish.”
Keywords
Bosporan kingdom, religion, Aphrodite Ourania, Ascalon, Apatouron, fish, sturgeon, derceto, oxyrhynchos, Egypt, Nile
Braund, D. 2018: Greek Religion and Cults in the Black Sea Region: Goddesses in the Bosporan Kingdom from the Archaic Period to the Byzantine Era. Cambridge.
Braund, D. 2019: A bird for Aphrodite in the Black Sea: porphyria at Apatouron? In: V.N. Zinko, E.A. Zinko (ed.), (XX Bosporskie chteniya. Bospor Kimmeriyskiy i varvarskiy mir v period antichnosti i srednevekov’ya. Osnovnye itogi i perspektivy issledovaniya [XX Bosporan Readings. The Cimmerian Bosporus and Barbarian world in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Main Results and Prospects of Research]. Simferopol–Kerch, 636–637.
Braund, D., Wilkins, J. (eds.) 2000: Athenaeus and his World: Reading Greek Culture in the Roman Empire. Exeter.
Braund, D. Stolba, V., Peter, U. (eds.) 2021: Environment and Habitation around the Ancient Black Sea. Berlin–Boston.
Davidson, J. 1997: Courtesans and Fishcakes. The Consuming Passions of Classical Athens. London.
Delplace, C. 1980: Le griff on de l’archaïsme à l’époque impériale. Étude iconographique et essai d’interprétation symbolique. Brussels.
Dubois, L.1996: Inscriptions grecques dialectales d’Olbia du Pont. Geneva.
Frahm, E. 2017: Of Doves, Fish, and Goddesses: Refl ections on the Literary, Religious, and Historical Background of the Book of Jonah. In: J. Baden, H. Najman, E.J.C. Tigchelaar (eds.), Sibyls, Scriptures, and Scrolls (Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism. Vol. 175). Leiden, 432–450.
Hind, J. 2008: Two Notes on Early Coin Types of Pantikapaion and Phanagoreia, NC 168, 1–8.
Hörig, M. 1984: Dea Syria – Atargatis. In: Religion (Heidentum: Römische Götterkulte, Orientalische Kulte in der römischen Welt, Fortsetzung). Bd. 17/3. Berlin, 1536–1582.
Jakson, T., Kalinina, T., Konovalova, T., Podosinov, A. 2007: Russkaya reka: rechniye puti Vostochnoy Evropy v antichnoy i srednevekovoy geografii [“Russian River”: River Routes of Eastern Europe in Ancient and Medieval Geography]. Moscow.
Lyons, D. 2014: Arion the Methymnian and Dionysos Methymnaios: Myth and Cult in Herodotus’ Histories. In: A. Avramidou, D. Demetriou (eds.), Approaching the Ancient Artifact. Representation, Narrative, and Function. Berlin, 425–434.
Parsons, P.J. 2007: City of the Sharp-Nosed Fish: Greek Papyri beneath the Egyptian Sand Reveal a Long-Lost World. London.
Schaps, D. 2004: The Invention of Coinage and the Monetization of Ancient Greece. Ann Arbor.
Seaford, R. 2013: Cosmology and the Polis. Cambridge.
Stolba, V. 2005: Fish and money: numismatic evidence for Black Sea fishing. In: T. Bekker‐ Nielsen (ed.), Ancient Fishing and Fish Processing in the Black Sea Region. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on marine resources and trade in fish products in the Black Sea region in antiquity, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, April 4–5, 2003. Aarhus, 115–132.
Ustinova, Yu. 1998: Aphrodite Ourania of the Bosporus: The Great Goddess of a Frontier Pantheon. Kernos 11, 209–226.
Ustinova, Yu. 1999: The Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God. Leiden–Boston–Köln.
West, S. 2003: ‘The Most Marvellous of All Seas’; The Greek Encounter with the Euxine. Greece & Rome 50, 151–167.
Wilkins, J. 2000: The Boastful Chef. Cambridge.
- Details
- Hits: 279
Abstract
Two new settlements of the Middle or Late Bronze Age were recently discovered on the Kerch shore of the Sea of Azov, using satellite images and magnetic surveys. A settlement of Bolshoy Shaban was found in the Syuyur-Tash area, occupying area of 0.8 ha. Two dozen pit houses were revealed, which grouped into 4–5 clusters. The settlement of Bezymyannye Vysoty-1 was discovered 2150 m to the southeast, on which a double stone corral and several pit houses were revealed in the magnetic field. Thus, as well as in north-western Crimea, two types of settlements were found. The first on includes settlements with clusters of pit houses, but without large cattle pens. The second one includes settlements dominated by large double stone corral for livestock and several pit houses. For the first time in Eastern Crimea, a double stone corral for livestock has been fully exposed. Previously, only parts of such enclosures may have been found in excavations.
Keywords
Kerch Shore of the Sea of Azov, Karalar coast, Syuyur-Tash, Middle and Late Bronze Age, remote sensing methods, satellite imagery, magnetic survey.
Beylin, D.V., Kislyi, A.E., Mikhailov, A.M., Rogudeev, V.V., Sharapa, A.V., Yurochkin, V. Yu. 2018: Raskopki poseleniya epokhi bronzy Gospital’ II v g. Kerchi (predvaritel’noe soobshchenie) [Excavations at the Bronze Age settlement “Gospital II” in Kerch (preliminary report)]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 23, 9–35.
Chang, C., Tourtellotte, P.A. 1993: Ethnoarchaeological Survey of Pastoral Transhumance Sites in the Grevena Region, Greece. Journal of Field Archaeology 20, 249–264.
Dirin, A.A. 1896: Mys Zyuk i sdelannye na nem arkheologicheskie nakhodki [Cape Zyuk and archaeological finds from there]. Zapiski Odesskogo obshchestva istorii i drevnostey [Notes of the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities] ΧΙΧ, 121–129.
Kislyi, A.E. 2016: O stenakh (spetsial’nye postroiki Kamenskoi kul’tury Vostochnogo Kryma) [About the walls (special constructions of Kamenka Culture of Eastern Crimea)]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 20, 269–287.
Lisetskiy, F.N., Marinina, O.A., Buryak, Zh.A. 2017: Geoarkheologicheskie issledovaniya istoricheskikh landshaftov Kryma [Geoarchaeological Research of the Historical Landscapes of Crimea]. Voronezh.
Maslennikov, A.A. 1996: Kamennye yashchiki Vostochnogo Kryma (K istorii sel’skogo naseleniya Evropeiskogo Bospora v VI–I vv. do n.e.) [Stone Boxes of the Eastern Crimea (On the History of the Rural Population of European Bosporus in the 6th – 1st Centuries BC)] (Bosporskiy sbornik [Bosporan Miscellany] 8). Moscow.
Maslennikov, A.A. 1998: Ellinskaya khora na krayu Oikumeny (Sel’skaya territoriya Evropeiskogo Bospora v antichnuyu epokhu) [Hellenic Chora on the Edge of the Oikumene (Rural Territory of European Bosporus in the Ancient Era)]. Moscow.
Maslennikov, A.A. 2010: Tsarskaya khora Bospora (po materialam raskopok v Krymskom Priazov’e) [Royal Chora of Bosporus (Based on Excavations in the Crimean Sea of Azov)]. Vol. 1. (Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus]. Suppl. III/1). Moscow–Tula.
Smekalova, T.N., Bevan, B.W., Kashuba, M.T., Lisetskii, F.N., Borisov, A.V., Kashirskaya, N.N. 2021: Magnetic Surveys Locate Late Bronze Age Corrals. Archaeological Prospection 28, 3–16.
Smekalova, T.N., Kutaisov, V.A. 2017: Arkheologicheskii atlas Severo-Zapadnogo Kryma. Pozdnii bronzovyi vek. Rannii zheleznyi vek. Antichnost’ [Archaeological Atlas of the Northwestern Crimea. Late Bronze Age. Early Iron Age. Ancient Greek Period]. Saint Petersburg.
Smekalova, T.N., Lisetskii, F.N., Kashirskaya, N.N., Borisov, A.V. 2021: Dvoinye zagony – novye pamyatniki bronzovogo veka v Severo-Zapadnom Krymu: predvaritel’nye rezul’taty geofizicheskikh, geokhimicheskikh i mikrobiologicheskikh issledovanii [Double corrals – new sites of the Bronze Age in Northwestern Crimea and their study by geophysical, geochemical and microbiological methods]. Stratum Plus 2, 109–126.
Smekalova, T.N., Timonina, G.I., Semenova, S.V., Goroshnikov, A.A., Goroshnikova, Z.V., Borisov, A.V., Mimokhod, R.A., Leonov, L.L. 2023: Rezul’taty arkheozoologicheskikh issledovanii poselenii pozdnego bronzovogo veka v Severo-Zapadnom Krymu [The results of archeozoological studies of settlements of the late Bronze Age in Northwestern Crimea]. Rossiiskaya arkheologiya [Russian Archaeology] (Fortcoming).
Sviridov, A.N., Yazikov, S.V., Toporivskaya, M.A., Frolov, V.V. 2019: Raskopki poseleniya Gorodishche 11 km v 2017 godu [Research of the Settlement of Gorodische 11 km in 2017]. In: S.Yu. Vnukov, O.V. Sharov (eds.), Krym – Tavrida. Arkheologicheskie issledovaniya v Krymu v 2017–2018 gg. [Crimea – Taurida. Archaeological Studies in Crimea in 2017– 2018]. Vol. 1. Moscow, 187–203.
Zholdasbaev, S.Zh. 1989: Zimovki-poseleniya i zhilishcha kazakhov Semirech’ya (XVI– XIX vv.) [Wintering settlements and dwellings of the Kazakhs of Semirechie (16th – 19th centuries)]. In: V.M. Masson (ed.), Vzaimodeistvie kochevykh kul’tur i drevnikh tsivilizatsii [Interaction of Nomadic Cultures and Ancient Civilizations]. Alma-Ata, 290–299.
- Details
- Hits: 268
Abstract
The paper discuses 204 coins retrieved during the 2018 and 2019 archaeological excavations at the ancient settlement of Chekups 2, located in Sindica, 2.2 km southeast of Labrys (the Semibratnee Settlement). The coins constitute a reliable numismatic profile of the region, and also refl ect the various periods of tension in the life of the Chekups-2 settlement. Generally, the numismatic material from the Chekups-2 settlement covers the timespan from the last quarter of the 5th century BC to the turn of the 2nd/3rd centuries AD. The greatest intensity of life, judging by the numismatic material, falls on the last third of the 4th to the mid-3rd century BC. 152 coins have come down from this time. Then the decline lasted in the second half of the 3rd to the 2nd and 1st centuries BC: the only obol of Leucon II came from the third quarter of the 3rd century BC, while only 15 coins are dated to 2nd century BC. One coin each falls on the reigns of Mithridates VI Eupator (from Amisus?) and Polemo I (issue in the name of Caesarea/ Panticapaeum). A new rise of the settlement begins with the reign of Aspurgus and reaches a peak under Sauromates Ι and his successors (34 coins.). The heavily worn sestertii of Sauromates Ι and Eupator countermarked with the bust of Septimius Severus (or Caracalla?) came from the turn of the 2nd/3rd centuries AD. Thus, numismatic materials specify the dating of the functioning of the Chekups 2 settlement.
Keywords
Cimmerian Bosporus, Sindica, settlement of Chekups-2, Labrys, excavation coins, currency.
Abramzon, M.G., Ermolin, S.A., Buravlev, S.A., Gunchina, O.L. 2020: Monety iz raskopok antichnogo poseleniya Manitra v Vostochnom Krymu [Excavation coins from Manitra settlement in the Eastern Crimea]. Kratkie soobshcheniya Instituta arkheologii [Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences] 259, 205‒220.
Abramzon, M.G., Karpov, D.A., Kolesnikov, A.B. 2021: Monety iz raskopok antichnogo poseleniya Vyshesteblievskaya 3 v 2017‒2018 gg. [Coins from the excavation at the ancient settlement of Vyshesteblievskaya 3 in 2017–2018]. In: V.N. Zinko, E.A. Zinko (eds.), Bospor Kimmerijskiy i varvarskiy mir v period antichnosti i srednevekov’ya. Novye otkrytiya, novye proekty. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii [The Cimmerian Bosporus and Barbarian World in the Period of Antiquity and the Middle Ages. New Discoveries, New Projects. Materials of the International Conference] (ΧΧΙΙ Bosporskie chteniya [Bosporan Readings]). Simferopol‒Kerch, 10-17.
Abramzon, M.G., Kuznetsov, V.D. 2015: Monetnye klady vremeni Mitridata VI Evpatora s khory Fanagorii [Coin Hoards at the Time of Mithradates VI Eupator from the Chora of Phanagoria] (Fanagoriya [Phanagoria] 3). Moscow.
Abramzon, M.G., Ostapenko, S.N., Surkov, A.V. 2022: Klad bosporskikh sestertsiev I–II vv. n. e. iz Prikuban’ya (2021 g.) [Α hoard of the first–second centuries AD Bosporan sestertii from the Right-Bank of the Kuban (2021)]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 82/3, 700–714.
Abramzon, M.G., Zavoykin, A.A., Sudarev, N.I. 2016: Monety iz raskopok antichnogo poseleniya “Beregovoy 4” (1987, 1988, 1999–2002 gg.) [Coins from excavation of the ancient settlement of Beregovoy 4 in 1987–1988 and 1999–2002]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 20, 11‒34.
Anokhin, V.A. 1986: Monetnoe delo Bospora [The Coinage of Bosporus]. Kiev.
Barinov, D.G. 2020: Otchet ob okhrannykh raskopkakh Poseleniya “Chekups-2” v Krymskom rayone Krasnodarskogo kraya v 2018‒2019 godakh [Report on the 2018‒2019 security excavation at the “Chekups-2 Settlement”, Krymsky district of the Krasnodar Territory]. Vol. 1. Engels. Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences. No. 71001‒71058.
Frolova, N.А. 1997: Monetnoe delo Bospora (seredina I v do n.e. – seredina IV v. n.e.) [The Bosporan coinage (the mid-1st century BC – mid-4th century AD)]. Vol. I. Moscow.
Goroncharovskiy, V.A. 2009: Labris (Semibratnee gorodishche) i sindy (po materialam polevykh issledovaniy Bosporskoy ekspeditsii IIMK RAN v 2001–2008 gg.) [Labrys (Semibratnee settlement) and the Sindi (based on field research materials of the Bosporan Mission of the Institute for History of Materials Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2001– 2008)]. Bosporkie issledovaniya [Bosporos Studies] XXII, 150‒187.
Jefremow, N., Kolesnikov, A.B., Barinov, D.G. 2022: Siedlungsplatz Čekups–2: Griechische Welt im Barbarischen Milieu. In: V. Lungu, A. Avram (eds.), L’espace pontique: vers de nouvelles perceptions du monde ancien, Hommages à Livia Buzoianu à l’occasion de son 70e anniversaire. Constanta, 45‒84. (Pontica 55. Suppl. VIII).
Shelov, D.B. 1956: Monetnoe delo Bospora VI‒II vv. do n.e. [The Coinage of Bosporus in the 6th – 2nd centuries BC]. Moscow.
Tupalov, I.V. 2018: Akt GIKE Razdel “Okhrana istoriko-kul’turnogo naslediya v zone stroitel’stva” po titulu: “Elektrifikatsiya uchastka raz”ezd 9 km – Yurovskiy – Anapa Severo- Kavkazskoy zheleznoy dorogi” [Act of the state historical and cultural expertise of the Section “Protection of historical and cultural heritage in the construction zone” under the title: “Electrification of the section 9 km junction ‒ Yurovsky ‒ Anapa of the North Caucasian Railway”], https://admkrai.krasnodar.ru/content/1367/show/444913/
Vinogradov Yu.A., Tereshchenko A.E. Monety s poseleniya Artyushchenko I na Tamanskom poluostrove [Coin finds from the settlement of Artyushchenko I on the Taman Peninsula]. Bosporkie issledovaniya [Bosporos Studies] XXII, 135‒149.
- Details
- Hits: 286
Abstract
Based on archaeological and epigraphic materials, the author makes an assumption about the polis status of the settlement on Cape Zyuk (the Crimean Sea of Azov) and characterizes this site as a “frozen” form of the original apoikia. Then, the initial chronology of most of the “small” Bosporan cities is considered, also with the involvement of new material. A special attention is drawn to the correlation of currently accepted dating of the main categories of mass archaeological material (amphorae and dishes), taking into account the fact that amphorae tend to have a shorter service life. As a result, it is possible to postulate at least four stages (“waves”) of the local colonization process, more or less synchronous with the historical events known to us in the centers of the metropolis at the end of the 7th – beginning of the 5th century BC, which has long been assumed in the fundamental works of V.D. Blavatsky, G.A. Koshelenko and V.D. Kuznetsov. On the basis of this, as well as the specific situation in the region of the Cimmerian Bosporus and the demographic possibilities of the Greek apoikiai-poleis that arose here, the author refuses the idea on the so-called internal colonization that at that time. In addition, attention is once again drawn to the fact that the process of development by the Hellenes of the spaces of the future Bosporan state proceeded diff erently in its Asiatic and European parts. In the first case, it initially took place in the form of the withdrawal of a large number of small apoikiai, most of which, mainly not on the coast, later, for a number of reasons, could not move to the next stage – urban-type settlements.
Keywords
Cimmerian Bosporus, archaeology and written sources, colonization, emporia, apoikiai, small towns, rural settlements, polis status, dating problems, chronology, colonies and metropolises, “internal” colonization.
Alekseeva, E.M. 1991: Grecheskaya kolonizatsiya Severo-Zapadnogo Kavkaza [Greek Colonization of the Northwestern Caucasus]. Moscow.
Alekseeva, E.M. 1997: Antichnyy gorod Gorgippiya [Gorgippia, an Ancient City]. Moscow.
Blavatskaya, T.V., Rozov, V.N. 1985: Graffito Zenonitov [A graffito of Zenonites]. In: T.V. Blavatskaya (ed.), Epigraficheskie pamyatniki drevney Maloy Azii i antichnogo Severnogo i Zapadnogo Prichernomor’ya kak istoricheskiy i lingvisticheskiy istochnik [Epigraphic Monuments of Ancient Asia Minor and the Ancient Northern and Western Black Sea Region as a Historical and Linguistic source]. Moscow, 115–137.
Blavatskiy, V.D. 1954: Arkhaicheskiy Bospor [Archaic Bosporus]. In: M.M. Kobylina (ed.), Materialy po arkheologii Severnogo Prichernomor’ya v antichnuyu epokhu [Materials on the Archaeology of the Northern Black Sea region in Ancient Times]. II (Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR [Materials and Research on the Archaeology of USSR] 33). Moscow, 7–44.
Blavatskiy, V.D. 1964: Pantikapey. Ocherki istorii stolitsy Bospora [Panticapaeum. Essays on the History of the Capital of the Bosporus]. Moscow.
Butyagin, A.M. 2014: Gorodishche Mirmekiy. 80 let issledovaniy [City-site of Myrmecium. 80 years of research]. Tavricheskie studii [Taurian Studies] 6. Simferopol, 15–23.
Butyagin, A.M. 2017: Osnovanie Mirmekiya i problemy kolonizatsii Evropeyskogo Bospora [Foundation of Myrmecium and problems of colonization of the European Bosporus]. In: Peripl: ot Borisfena do Bospora [Periplus: from the Boristhenes to Bosporus] (Trydy Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha [Proceedings of the State Hermitage] 88). Saint Petersburg, 87–96.
Danovskiy, A.A. 2005: Kamennye topory iz raskopok na myse Zyuk [Stone axes from the Cape Zyuk]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 8, 159–170.
Dirin, A.A. 1896: Mys Zyuk i sdelannye na nem arkheologicheskie nakhodki [Cape Zyuk and archaeological finds from there]. Zapiski Odesskogo obshchestva istorii i drevnostey [Notes of the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities] ΧΙΧ, 121–129.
Dovatur, A.I., Kallistov, A.P., Shishova, I.A. 1982: Narody nashey strany v “Istorii” Gerodota [The Peoples of Our Country in Herodotus’ “History”]. Moscow.
Ivanov, A.A. 2020: Raskopki usadeb ellinisticheskogo vremeni na poselenii “Usad’ba” (khutor Voskresenskiy YuZ okraina) v 2019 g. Predvaritel’nye rezul’taty [2019 Excavations at estates of the Hellenistic period at the settlement of “Usadba” (village of Voskresensky. Southwestern outskirts). Preliminary results]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 25, 176–185.
Kastanayan, E.G. 1958: Arkheologicheskie razvedki na gorodishche Parfeniy v 1949 g. [Archaeological exploration of the city-site of Parthenion in 1949]. In: V.F. Gaydukevich, T.N. Knipovich (eds.), Bosporskie goroda. II. Raboty Bosporskoy ekspeditsii 1946–1953 gg. [Bosporan Cities. II. Works of the Bosporan Mission in 1946–1953] (Materialy i issledovaniya po Arkheologii SSSR [Materials and Research on the Archaeology of USSR] 69). Moscow–Leningrad, 254–265.
Khrshanovskiy, V.A. 2004: Novye pogrebal’nye kompleksy V–IV vv. do n.e. na nekropole Kiteya [New burial complexes of the 5th – 4th centuries BC at the necropolis of Cytaeum. In: V.N. Zinko (ed.), Bospor Kimmeriyskiy i varvarskiy mir v epokhu antichnosti i srednevekov’ya. Etnicheskie protsessy [The Cimmerian Bosporus and Barbarian World in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Ethnic Processes] (V Bosporskie chteniya [Bosporan Studies]). Kerch, 384–388.
Khrshanovskiy, V.A. 2020: Kurgannaya gruppa na kryazhe Chatr-Tav (po materialam razvedok 2015 i 2018 gg.) [Kurgan group on the Chatr-Tav Ridge (according to the explorations in 2015 and 2018)]. Arkheologicheskie vesti [Archaeological News] 29, 43–49.
Koshelenko, G.A. 1979: Grecheskiy polis na ellinisticheskom vostoke [Greek Polis in the Hellenistic Orient]. Moscow.
Koshelenko, G.A. 1980: Polis i gorod: k postanovke problem [Polis and city: to the formulation of the problem]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 1, 3–27.
Koshelenko, G.A. 1983: Grecheskiy polis i problemy razvitiya ekonomiki. In: E.S. Golubtsova (ed.), Antichnaya Gretsiya: problemy razvitiya polisa [Ancient Greece and the Problem of Development of the Polis]. Vol. 1. Stanovlenie i razvitie polisa [Formation and development of the Polis]. Moscow, 217–246.
Koshelenko, G.A., Kuznetsov, V.D. 1992: Grecheskaya kolonizatsiya Bospora [Greek colonization of the Bosporus]. In: Ocherki arkheologii i istorii Bospora [Essays on the Bosporan Archaeology and History]. Moscow, 6–28.
Koshelenko, G.A., Kuznetsov, V.D. 1998: Greek Colonization of the Bosporus. In: G. Tsetskhladze (ed.), The Greek Colonization of the Black Sea Area: Historical Interpretation and Archaeology. Stuttgart.
Kruglikova, I.T. 1966: Bospor v pozdneantichnoe vremya [Bosporus during the Late-Antique Period]. Moscow.
Kruglikova, I.T. 1975: Sel’skoe khozyaystvo Bospora [The Agriculture of Bosporus]. Moscow.
Kulikov, A.V. 2007: Akra and its Chora. In: D.V. Grammenos, E.K. Petropoulos (eds), Ancient Greek Colonies in the Black Sea 2. Vol. II (BAR IS 1975/II) Oxford.
Kuznetsov, V.D. 1918: Bospor Kimmeriyskiy v V v. do n.e. (drevnepersidskaya nadpis’ iz Fanagorii) [The Cimmerian Bosporus in the fifth century BC (ancient Persian inscription frm Phanagoria]. In: V.D. Kuznetsov, A.A. Zavoykin (eds.), Materialy po arkheologii i istorii Fanagorii [Materials on the Archaeology and History of Phanagoria] 3 (Fanagoriya [Phanagoria] 6). Moscow, 160–185.
Kuznetsov, V.D. 1991: Rannie apoykii Severnogo Prichernomor’ya [Early apoikiai in the Northern Black Sea region]. Kratkie soobshcheniya Instituta arkheologii [Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology] 204, 31–36.
Kuznetsov, V.D. 1992: Raskopki v Kepakh 1984–1989 gg. [Excavations in Cepoy in 1984– 1989]. In: Ocherki arkheologii i istorii Bospora [Essays on the Bosporan Archaeology and History]. Moscow, 28–45.
Kuznetsov, V.D. 2010: O vremeni osnovaniya Fanagorii [On the founding of Phanagoria]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 14, 313–321.
Kuznetsov, V.D. 2021: Arkhaicheskie steny Fanagorii [Archaic walls of Phanagoria]. In: Hypanis 3, 111–130.
Kuznetsov, V.D. 2022: Kserks i Pont (persidskaya nadpis’ iz Fanagorii) [Xerxes and Pontus (Persian inscription from Phanagoria)]. In: Hypanis 4, 141–161.
Lomtadze G.A. 2022: Transportnye amfory i ikh fragmenty iz raskopok poseleniya “Akhtanizovskaya 4” [Amphorae and their fragments from the excavations of the Akhtanizovskaya 4 Settlement. In: A.P. Medvedev (ed.), “Ot Kavkaza do Dunaya”: Severnoe Prichernomor’e v antichnuyu epokhu. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov v chest’ 70-letiya S.Yu. Monakhova [“From the Caucasus to the Danube”: The Northern Black Sea Region in Antiquity. Studies Presented to S.Yu. Monakhov on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday]. Saratov, 283–301.
Lomtadze, G.A. 2013: Kompleks nakhodok arkhaicheskogo vremeni iz raskopok poseleniya Akhtanizovskaya 4 [Complex of finds of the Archaic time from the excavations at the ancient settlement of Akhtanizovskaya 4]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 17, 216–231.
Maslennikov, A.A. 1992: Zenonov Khersones – gorodok na Meotide [Zenonis Chersonesus, a small city on the Maeotis]. In: Ocherki arkheologii i istorii Bospora [Essays on the Bosporan Archaeology and History]. Moscow, 120–173.
Maslennikov, A.A. 2020: Meotiyskie goroda Klavdiya Ptolemeya [Claudius Ptolemaeus’ Maeotian cities]. In: A.V. Belousov, E.V. Ilyushechkina (eds.), Homo omnium horarum: Sbornik statey v chest’ 70-letiya A.V. Podosiinova [Homo omnium horarum: Studies Presented to f A.V. Podoshiinov on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday]. Moscow, 354–369.
Molev, E.A. 2010: Bosporskiy gorod Kitey [Cytaeum, a Bosporan City]. Pt. Ι (Bosporkie issledovaniya [Bosporos Studies]. Suppl. 6).
Molev, E.A. 2022: Bosporskiy gorod Kitey [Cytaeum, a Bosporan City]. Pt. IIΙ. Nizhniy Novgorod.
Molev, E.A., Molev, N.V. 2016: Bosporskiy gorod Kitey [Cytauem, a Bosporan City]. Pt. ΙI (Bosporkie issledovaniya [Bosporos Studies]. Suppl. 5).
Molev, E.A., Shestakov, S.A. 1991: Nekropol’ Kiteya. Po materialam raskopok 1972–1985 gg. [Necropolis of Cytaeum. Materials of 1972–1985 excavations]. In: E.A. Molev (ed.), Voprosy arkheologii i istorii Bospora [Issues of Bosporan Archaeology and History]. Voronezh– Belgorod, 74–101.
Monakhov, S.Yu. 2003: Grecheskie amfory v Prichernomor’e: Tipologiya amfor vedushchikh tsentrov-eksporterov tovarov v keram. tare: Katalog-opredelitel’ [Greek Αmphorae in the Black Sea Region: Typology of Amphorae of the Leading Centers-Exporters of Products in Ceramic Containers: Catalogue]. Moscow–Saratov.
Monakhov, S.Yu., Kuznetsova, E.V., Fedoseev, N.F., Churekova, N.B. 2016: Amfory VI–II vv. do n.e. iz sobraniya Vostochno-Krymskogo istoriko-kul’turnogo muzeya-zapovednika [The Sixth–Second Centuries BC Amphorae in the Eastern-Crimean Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve]. Kerch–Saratov.
Monakhov, S.Yu., Kuznetsova, E.V., Tolstikov, V.P., Churekova, N.B. 2020: Amfory VI–I vv. do n.e. iz sobraniya Gosudarstvennogo muzeya izobrazitel’nykh iskusstv im. A.S. Pushkina [The Sixth–First Centuries BC Amphorae in the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts. Saratov.
Mordvintseva, V.I. 2014: Oboronitel’naya stena gorodishcha na vostochnom sklone gory Opuk. Novye dannye [Defensive wall of the settlement located on the eastern slope of Mount Opuk. New data]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 18, 557–271.
Novichikhin, A.M. 2017: Grecheskaya kolonizatsiya Sindiki [Greek colonization of Sindice]. Materialy k arkheologii i istorii antichnogo i srednevekovogo Kryma [Materials on the Archaeology and History of Ancient and Medieval Crimea] 9, 67–96.
Onayko, N.A. 1980: Arkhaicheskiy Torik. Antichnyy gorod na Severo-Vostoke Ponta [Archaic Torikos. Ancient City in Northeastern Pontus]. Moscow.
Ovsyuchenko, A.N., Korzhenkov, A.M. Maslennikov, A.A., Vakarchuk, R.N., Larkov, A.S., Sysolin, A.I. 2019: Sledy i khronologiya sil’nykh istoricheskikh zemletryaseniy na myse Zyuk v Vostochnom Krymu [Traces and chronology of strong historical earthquakes at Cape Zyuk in Eastern Crimea]. Fizika Zemli [Physics of the Earth] 4, 133–152.
Pal, E.A., Sokolov, P.M., Petrov, P.A., Bezmaternykh, A.E. 2020: Raskopki antichnogo poseleniya Usad’ba (kh. Voskresenskiy, YUZ okraina) v Anape (predvaritel’noe soobshchenie) [Excavations at the ancient settlement of Usadba (village of Voskresenskiy, SW outskirts) in Anapa (preliminary report)]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 25, 307–319.
Petrakova, A.E., Khanutina, Z.V., Khrshanovskiy, V.A. 2015: Fragmenty atticheskogo chernofi gurnogo kratera VI v. do n.e. iz nekropolya Kiteya [Fragments of an Attic black-figure crater of the 6th century BC from the necropolis of Cytaeum]. In: S Mitridata duet veter. Bospor i Prichernomor’e v antichnosti K 70-letiyu V.P. Tolstikova [Wind Blows Down the Mount Mithridates. The Bosporos and the Black Sea in Antiquity. Studies Presented to V.P. Tolstikov on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday]. Moscow, 99–104.
Petrova, E.B. 2000: Antichnaya Feodosiya [Ancient Theodosia]. Kharkov.
Ryabkova, T.V. Prodolzhenie issledovaniy poseleniya ranneskifskogo perioda Tarasova balka v Predgor’yakh Severo-Zapadnogo Kavkaza v 2018–2019 gg. [Continuation of research on the early Scythian settlement of Tarasova Balka in the foothills of the Northwestern Caucasus in 2018–2019]. In: Arkheologicheskie otkrytiya za 2019 g. [Archaeological Discoveries 2019]. Moscow, 242–245.
Salov, A.I. 1986: Arkhaicheskoe poselenie na okraine Anapy [Archaic Settlement in the outskirts of Anapa]. In: G.A. Koshelenko (ed.), Problemy antichnoy kul’tury [Problems of the Ancient Culture]. Moscow, 188–194.
Saprykin, S.Yu. 2011: Zametki po bosporskoy epigrafike [Notes on Bosporan epigraphy]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 15, 264–274.
Saprykin, S.Yu. 2022: Fias Zenonova Khersonesa [Thiasus in Zenonis Chersonesus]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 27, 259–281.
Saprykin, S.Yu., Maslennikov, A.A. 1999. Grecheskie nadpisi s mysa Zyuk [Greek inscriptions from the Cape Zyuk]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 2, 193–202.
Saprykin, S.Yu., Maslennikov, A.A. 2007: Graffiti i dipinti khory antichnogo Bospora [Graffiti and Dipinti from the Chora of Ancient Bosporus] (Bosporkie issledovaniya [Bosporos Studies]. Suppl. 1).
Sokolova, O.Yu. 2017: 75 let Nimfeyskoy ekspeditsii [75th Anniversary of Nymphaeum Mission]. In: Peripl: ot Borisfena do Bospora [Periplus: from the Boristhenes to Bosporus] (Trydy Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha [Proceedings of the State Hermitage] 88). Saint Petersburg, 119–128.
Solovyev, S.L., Vakhoneev, V.V., Shepko, L.G. 2021: Akra – antichnyy gorod na Evropeyskom Bospore [Akra, an Ancient City in European Bosporus]. Saint Petersburg
Stolyarenko, P.G. 2012: O rannem etape urbanizatsii antichnogo Parfeniya [On the early stage of urbanization of ancient Parthenion]. In: V.N. Zinko (ed.), Bospor Kimmeriyskiy i varvarskiy mir v epokhu antichnosti i srednevekov’ya. Problemy urbanizatsii [The Cimmerian Bosporus and Barbarian World in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Problems of Urbanization] (XIII Bosporskie chteniya [Bosporan Readings]). Simferopol–Kerch, 404–408.
Stolyarenko, P.G. 2013: Novye dannye ob arkhaicheskoy oboronitel’noy stene Parfeniya [Recent data on the Archaic defensive wall of Parthenion]. In: Bosporskiy fenomen. Greki i varvary na evraziyskom perekrestke [Bosporan Phenomenon. The Greeks and Barbarians at the Eurasian crossroads. Materials of the International Scientific Conference]. Saint Petersburg, 52–56.
Stolyarenko, P.G., Kropotov, V.V. 2016: Kompleks pozdneellinisticheskogo vremeni iz goroda Parfeniy [Late Hellenistic complex from Parthenion]. In: Tavricheskie studii [Taurian Studies] 10. Simferopol’, 160–166.
Surikov, I.E., 2022: Po povodu nekotorykh drevneyshikh svidetel’stv o bosporskom gorode Fanagoriya [On some ancient evidence about the Bosporan city of Phanagoria]. In: Bosporskiy fenomen. Bol’shie i malye goroda Bosporskogo tsarstva. Kruglyy stol, posvyashchennyy 75-letiyu E.A. Moleva (1947–2021) [Bosporan Phenomenon. Large and Small Cities of the Bosporan Kingdom. Round Table Dedicated to the 75th Anniversary of E.A. Molev (1947– 2021)]. Saint Petersburg, 159–164.
Tolstikov, V.P., Astashova, T.S., Lomtadze, G.A., Samar, O.Yu., Tugusheva, O.V. 2017: Drevneyshiy Pantikapey. Ot apoykii – k gorodu [Earlier Panticapaeum. From Apoikia to a City]. Moscow.
Tolstikov, V.P., Tugusheva, O.V., Astashova, N.S. 2017: O vremeni osnovaniya Pantikapeya [On the date of founding of Panticapaeum]. In: Tavricheskie studii [Taurian Studies] 12. Simferopol’, 12–26.
Vakhtina, M.Yu. 2009: Porfmiy – grecheskiy gorod u perepravy cherez Kimmeriyskiy Bospor [Porthmion, a Greek city at the crossing of the Cimmerian Bosporus]. Bosporkie issledovaniya [Bosporos Studies] XXII, 91–126.
Vinokurov, N.I. 2007: Vinogradarstvo i vinodelie antichnykh gosudarstv Severnogo Prichernomor’ya [Viticulture and Winemaking of the Ancient States of the Northern Black Sea Region] (Bosporkie issledovaniya [Bosporos Studies] 3).
Vnukov, S.Yu. 2015: Prodolzhitel’nost’ ispol’zovaniya antichnykh vinnykh amfor [Duration of use of ancient wine amphorae]. Kratkie soobshcheniya Instituta arkheologii [Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology] 238, 161–169.
Zavoykin, A.A. 2009: O “bol’shikh” i “malykh” bosporskikh gorodakh [On “large” and “small” Bosporan cities]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 13, 176–205.
Zavoykin, A.A. 2013: Obrazovanie Bosporskogo gosudarstva. Arkheologiya i khronologiya stanovleniya derzhavy Spartokidov [Formation of the Bosporus State. Archaeology and Chronology of the Formation of the Power of the Spartocids] (Bosporkie issledovaniya [Bosporos Studies]. Suppl. 10).
Zavoykin, A.A. 2022: Kitey: razmyshleniya o “malom bosporskom gorode” [Cytaeum: refl ection on the “small Bosporan town”]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 27, 101–113.
Zavoykin, A.A., Saprykin, S.Yu. 2018: Vostochnyy Krym v antichnuyu epokhu. Bosporskoe tsarstvo v VI v. do –III v. n.e. [Eastern Crimea in Antiquity. Bosporan kingdom in the 6th century BC to the 3rd century AD]. In: A.V. Yurasov (ed.), Istoriya Kryma [History of Crimea]. Vol. 1. Moscow, 51–84.
Zavoykin, A.A., Tolstikov, V.P. 2017: Ocherki politicheskoy istorii Pantikapeya i Fanagorii [Essays on the political history of Panticapaeum and Phanagoria]. In: V.D. Kuznetsov, V.P. Tolstikov (eds.), Pantikapey i Fanagoriya. Dve stolitsy Bosporskogo tsarstva: katalog vystavki [Panticapaeum and Phanagoria. Two Capitals of the Bosporan Kingdom: Exhibition Catalogue]. Moscow, 47–68.
Zavoykina, N.V. 2013: Bosporskie fiasy: mezhdu polisom i monarkhiey [Bosporan Thiasi: Between the Polis and Monarchy]. Moscow.
Zeest, I.B. 1960: Keramicheskaya tara Bospora [Amphorae in Bosporus] (Materialy po Arkheologii SSSR [Materials on the Archaeology of USSR] 83). Moscow.
Zelenko, S.M. 2008: Podvodnaya arkheologiya Kryma [Underwater Archaeology of Crimea]. Kiev.
Zhuravlev, D.V., Batasova, A.V., Shlottsauer, U. 2022: O sisteme oborony poseleniya Golubitskaya 2 [Defensive system of the Golubitskaya 2 Settlement]. Arkheologicheskie vesti [Archaeological News] 35, 28–43.
Zhuravlev, D.V., Shlottsauer, U. 2014: Nekotorye itogi rabot Bosporskoy arkheologicheskoy ekspeditsii na Tamanskom poluostrove. 2006–2013 gg. [Some results of the work of the Bosporan Archaeological Mission on the Taman Peninsula in 2006–2013. In: Gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy muzey i otechestvennaya arkheologiya. K 100-letiyu otdela arkheologicheskikh pamyatnikov [State Historical Museum and Domestic Archaeology. To the 100th anniversary of the Department of Archaeological Sites] (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istiricheskogo muzeya [Transactions of the State Historical Museum] 201)]. Moscow, 150– 186.
Zin`ko, V. 2014: Tyritake in Archaic time. In: A. Twardecki (ed.), Tyritake. Antique Site at Cimmerian Bosporus. Proceedings of the international conference, Warsaw, 27–28 November 2013. Warsawa, 47–61.
Zinko, V.N. 2017: Iz istorii arkhaicheskoy Tiritaki [From the history of Archaic Tyritace]. In: Peripl: ot Borisfena do Bospora [Periplus: from the Boristhenes to Bosporus] (Trydy Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha [Proceedings of the State Hermitage] 88). Saint Petersburg, 106–116.
Zinko, V.N., Shamray, A.N. 2009: Podvodnye arkheologicheskie nablyudeniya i razvedki u gory Opuk [Underwater archaeological observations and explorations near Mount Opuk]. Bosporkie issledovaniya [Bosporos Studies] XXI, 449–458.
- Details
- Hits: 266
Abstract
In 2019, N.I. Nikolaev has published a new curse inscription found in Olbia. This is an opisthograph. The text is written retrograde on the reverse side of the lead plate, containing only a long least of personal names. In general, Nikolaev correctly read the completely preserved names (the scholar has 40 of them in total), but even he made many diff erent kinds of mistakes. The author of this paper carefully analyzes the text of the inscription and establishes a real list of names and patronymics of 26 damned people. Nikolaev has dated the curse inscription to 357–347 BC, based on his hypothesis that the catalogue of names IOSPE I2 201 is a synchronous list of Olbian eponyms. The author of this paper criticizes this hypothesis as unfounded and shows that IOSPE I2 201 is a simple catalogue of citizens of the last quarter of the 3rd century BC. A detailed analysis of the paleography of the slander showed that it dates from approximately the same time, and both lists also have a prosopographic similarity. All the names of the slanderers are Greek, with the exception of Θατοῦc Ναγχινου, who is an Egyptian. Egypt was the granary of the entire Greek world during the Hellenistic period. Olbia imported bread from various foreign regions in the 3rd–2nd centuries BC, so the first attested presence of an Egyptian in the polis may be associated with the supply of bread from Egypt. This allows to suggest that the reason for compiling such a large curse was a competition between the two “companies” that supplied bread. In this regard, the author considers two other late Hellenistic spells from Olbia with a large number of names – 31 and 22; the reason for compiling the first one is the rivalry between two building artels for a large order from the city. In conclusion, the author summarizes his recent work on the chronological distribution of 26 Olbian curse inscriptions: 6 of the Classical period (520–325 BC), 20 Hellenistic, when Olbia suff ered the crisis.
Keywords
Olbia Pontica, large curse inscription of the late 3rd century BC, text criticism, paleography, possible historical retrospective, chronology of Olbian curse inscriptions.
Avram, A., Chiriac, C., Matei, I. 2007: Defixiones d’Istros. BCH 131/1, 383–420.
Belousov, A.V. 2020: Korpus zaklyatiy pontiyskoy Ol’vii (DefOlb) = Defixiones Olbiae Ponticae (DefOlb) [Corpus of Curses from Olbia Pontica (DefOlb) = Defixiones Olbiae Ponticae (DefOlb]. Moscow.
Belousov, A.V., Dana, M., Nikolaev, N.I. 2015: Dva novykh zaklyatiya s ol’viyskoy khory [Two new curses from Olbian chora]. Aristey [Aristeas] 12, 170–191.
Belousov, A.V., Eliseeva, L.G., Kastelli, T. 2021: Grecheskaya i rimskaya epigrafika Severnogo Prichernomor’ya. 2019 g. [The Greek and Latin inscriptions of ancient North Black Sea Region. 2019]. Aristey [Aristeas] 23, 93–124.
Cojocaru, V. 2013: Relaţiile interpontice ale oraşelor greceşti de la nordul Mării Negre şi contactele acestora cu barbarii din hinterland pe baza izvoarelir epigrafice.In: P. Bîrzescu et al. (eds. ). Poleis în Marea Neagră: Relaţii interpontice şi producţii locale. Bucureşti, 87–142.
Crönert, G. 1903: Memoria Graeca Herculanensis. Lipsiae.
Diehl, E. 1923: Defixionum ostraca duo. Latvijas universitātes raksti 6, 225–231.
Dlozhevs’kiy, S.S. 1930: Epigrafichni dribnitsi [Epigraphic details]. In: Visnyk Odes’koï Komisiï krayeznavstva pry Украiнськиï Академiï наук [Bulletin of Odessa Committee of Regional Studies of Ukrainian Academy of Sciences]. Pt. 4–5, 49–57.
Dovatur, A.I. 1965: Kratkiy ocherk grammatiki bosporskikh nadpisey [Short essay of grammar concerning the Bosporan inscriptions]. In: V. Struve (ed.). Korpus bosporskikh nadpisey [Corpus Inscriptionum Regni Bosporani]. Moscow–Leningrad, 797–831.
Dubois, L. 1996: Inscriptions grecques dialectales d’Olbia du Pont. Genève.
Emets, I.A. 1995: Klassifikatsiya i shrift bosporskikh graffiti i dipinti [Classification and spelling of Bosporan graffiti and dipinti]. Epigraficheskiy vestnik [Epigraphic Bulletin] 2, 40–60.
Faddeeva, V.N. 1974: Matritsa v matematike [Matrix in mathematics]. In: Bol’shaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya [The Great Soviet Encyclopedia]. Vol. 15, 1510–1515.
Gardthausen, V. 1913: Griechische Palaeographie. Bd. 2. Leipzig.
Guarducci, M. 1970, 1978: Epigrafia greca. Vol. 2, 4. Roma.
Hansen, B. 1958: Rückläufiges Wörterbuch der griechischen Eigennamen. Berlin.
Karyshkovskiy, P.O. 1978: Ol’viyskie eponymy [Olbian eponyms]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 2, 82–88.
Kawerau, G., Rehm, A. 1914: Das Delphinion in Milet (Milet. Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen. Bd. I. Hft. 3). Berlin– Leipzig.
Kern, O. 1913: Inscriptiones Graecae. Bonnae.
Kirchner, J. 1948: Imagines inscriptionum Atticarum. Berlin.
Krapivina, V.V., Diatroptov, P.D. 2005: Nadpis’ namestnika Mitridata VI Evpatora iz Ol’vii [An inscription of governor of Mithridates VI Eupator from Olbia]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 1, 67–73.
Lang, M. 1976: Graffiti and Dipinti (The Athenian Agora XXI). Princeton.
Mayser, E. 1923: Grammatik der griechischen Papyri aus der Ptolemäerzeit. Berlin–Leipzig.
Nikolaev, N.I. 2008: Politicheskaya i kul’tovaya elita Ol’vii IV–I vv. do n.e. [Political and Cult Elite of Olbia in the 4th – 1st centuries BC]. Nikolaev.
Nikolaev, N.I. 2018: Kriticheskie zametki k monografii V.P. Yaylenko “Istoriya i epigrafika Ol’vii, Kkersonesa i Bospora VII v. do n.e. ‒ VII v. n.e.” [Critical notes to the monograph by V.P. Yaylenko “History and epigraphy of Olbia, Chersonese and Bosporus of the 7th century BC ‒ 7th century AD”]. Eminak 2, 155–159.
Nikolaev, N.I. 2019: O preobrazovanii onomasticheskogo materiala v polnotsennyy istoricheskiy istochnik (na primere novogo magicheskogo opistografa iz Ol’vii) [On the transformation of onomastic material into a full-fl edged historical source (on the example of a new magical opistograph from Olbia)]. Scripta Antiqua 8, 276–308.
Otreshko, V.M. 2009: Protogen [Protogenes]. In: S.B. Buyskikh, L.A. Lysenko (ed.), Ol’viyskie drevnosti [Olbian Antiquates]. Kiev, 123–135.
Pape, W., Benseler, G. E. 1884: Wörterbuch der griechischen Eigennamen. Braunschweig.
Preisigke, F. 1925: Namenbuch: enthaltend alle griechischen, lateinischen, ä gyptischen, hebrä ischen, arabischen und sonstigen semitischen und nichtsemitischen Menschennamen, soweit sie in griechischen Urkunden (Papyri, Ostraka, Inschriften, Mumienschildren usw.) Ä gyptens sich vorfinden, bearb und hrsg. von Dr. Friedrich Preisigke. Mit einem Anhange von Professor Enno Littmann, enthaltend die in diesem Namenbuch vorkommenden abessinischen, arabischen, aramä ischen, kanaanä ischen, und persischen Namen. Heidelberg.
Rostovtsev, M.I. 1907: Mitridat Pontiyskiy i Ol’viya [Mithidates of Pontus and Olbia]. Izvestiya imperatorskoy arkheologicheskoy komissii [Proceedings of the Imperial Archaeological Commission] 23, 21–27.
Rusyaeva, A.S. 2010: Graffiti Ol’vii Pontiyskoy [Graffiti of Olbia Pontica]. Simferopol. Saprykin, S.Yu., Belousov, A.V., Fedoseev, N.F. 2013: Dva fragmenta svintsovykh plastin iz Pantikapeya [Two fragments of lead plaques from Panticapaeum]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 17, 265–271.
Saprykin, S.Yu., Zin’ko, V.N. 2003: Defixio iz Pantikapeya [Defixio from Panticapaeum]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 6, 266–275.
Seider, R. 1990: Palaeographie der griechischen Papyri. Bd. 3. Text. T. 1. Stuttgart.
Shkorpil, V.V. 1908: Tri svintsovye plastinki s nadpisyami iz Ol’vii [Three lead plaques with inscriptions from Olbia]. Izvestiya imperatorskoy arkheologicheskoy komissii [Proceedings of the Imperial Archaeological Commission] 27, 68–74.
Tolstoy, I.I. 1953: Grecheskie graffiti drevnikh gorodov Severnogo Prichernomor’ya [Greek Graffiti from the Northern Pontic Ancient Cities]. Leningrad.
Vinogradov, Ju. G., Rusjaeva, A. S. 1998: Phantasmomagica Olbiopolitana. ZPE 121, 153–164.
Vinogradov, Yu.G. 1981: Varvary v prosopografii Ol’vii [Barbarians in the prosopography of Olbia]. In: O.D. Lordkipanidze (ed.). Demograficheskaya situatsiya v Prichernomor’e v period Velikoy grecheskoy kolonizatsii [Demographic Situation in the Black Sea Region during the Great Greek Colonization]. Tbilisi, 131–147.
Vinogradov, Yu.G. 1989: Politicheskaya istoriya Ol’viyskogo polisa [Political History of Olbian Polis]. Moscow.
Yaylenko, V.P. 1980: Graffiti Levki, Berezani i Ol’vii [Graffiti od Leuke, Berezan at Olbia]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 3, 75–116.
Yaylenko, V.P. 1982: Grecheskaya kolonizatsiya Sredizemnomor’ya VII–III vv. do n.e. po dannym epigraficheskikh istochnikov [Greek Colonization of the Mediterranean in the 7th –3rd Centuries BC according to Epigraphic Sources]. Moscow.
Yaylenko, V.P. 1990: Ol’viya i Bospor v ellinisticheskuyu epokhu [Olbia and Bosporus in the Hellenistic Period. In: E.S. Golubtsova (ed.), Ellinizm: ekonomika, politika, kul’tura [Hellenism: Economics, Politics, Culture]. Moscow, 249–309.
Yaylenko, V.P. 2003: Fanagoriyskie manumissii i spiski imen iz nakhodok 1970-kh godov [Phanagorian manumissions and lists of names found in the 1970s]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 6, 351–374.
Yaylenko, V.P. 2005: Magicheskie nadpisi Bospora [Bosporan magic inscriptions]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 8, 459–508.
Yaylenko, V.P. 2010: Tysyacheletniy Bosporskiy reykh. Istoriya i epigrafika Bocpora VI v. do n.e. – V v. n.e. [Thousand-Year-Old Bosporan Reich. History and Epigraphy of the Bosporus in the 6th century BC – 5th century AD]. Moscow.
Yaylenko, V.P. 2015: Slovo i delo: o publikatsii ol’viyskogo dekreta s chest’ smirneytsa Stefana [Word and deed: on the publication of the Olbian decree in honor of Stephen, a citizen of Smyrna]. Antichnyy mir and arkheologiya [Ancient World and Archaeology] 17, 195‒208.
Yaylenko, V.P. 2019: Epigraficheskie zametki [Epigraphic notes]. Bosporskie issledovaniya [Bosporos Studies] 39, 117‒209.
Yaylenko, V.P. 2020a: Datirovanie, tekstologiya, interpretatsiya grecheskikh nadpisey Severnogo Prichernomor’ya IV–I vv. do n.e., preimushchestvenno nagovorov i pisem [Dating, textual criticism, interpretation of Greek inscriptions in the Northern Black Sea region of the 4th – 1st centuries. BC, mostly curses and letters]. https://www.academia.edu/48906817 = http:// elar.uniyar.ac.ru/jspui/bitstream/123456789/3683/1/Yaylenko_Datirovanie.pdf = https:// www.koob.ru/yajlenko_v_p/datirovanie_tekstologiya_interpretaciya.
Yaylenko, V.P. 2020b: Stikhotvornye graffiti Bospora, Ol’vii, Berezani [Poetic graffiti of Bosporus, Olbia, Berezan]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 25, 441–510.
Yaylenko, V.P. 2020v: Zametki o tekstologii i datirovanii novoizdannykh nagovorov iz ellinisticheskoy Ol’vii [Notes on Textology and Dating of the New-Published Curse Inscriptions from Hellenistic Olbia]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 4, 24–40.
Yaylenko, V.P. 2021a: Orakuly iz Ol’vii, nagovor s Chayki v Zapadnom Krymu [Oracles from Olbia and a curse inscription from the settlement of Chayka, Western Crimea]. Arkheologicheskie vesti [Archaeological News] 33, 41–50.
Yaylenko, V.P. 2021b: Novaya kniga o nagovorakh Ol’vii [A new book on curse inscriptions from Olbia]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 4, 296–311.
Yaylenko, V.P. 2022a: Dannye arkhiva Odesskogo arkheologicheskogo muzeya o graffiti Berezani i Ol’vii [Data of the Achieve of the Odessa Archaeological Museum on graffiti from Berezan and Olbia]. https://www.sgu.ru/sites/default/files/textdocsfiles/2022/02/15/ yaylenko_v.p._2022_arhiv_oam.pdf.
Yaylenko, V.P. 2022b: Zametki k svodam ol’viyskikh graffiti [Notes on the corpuses of Olbian graffiti]. In: A.P. Medvedev (ed.), “Ot Kavkaza do Dunaya”: Severnoe Prichernomor’e v antichnuyu epokhu. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov v chest’ 70-letiya S.Yu. Monakhova [“From the Caucasus to the Danube”: The Northern Black Sea Region in Antiquity. Studies Presented to S.Yu. Monakhov on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday]. Saratov, 447–495.
Yaylenko, V.P. 2023: Paleografiya nadpisey ellinisticheskoy Ol’vii [Paleography of the inscriptions from Hellenistic Olbia]. Arkheologicheskie vesti [Archaeological News] 38 (forthcoming).
Yyylenko, V.P. 2017: Istoriya i epigrafika Ol’vii, Khersonesa i Bospora VII v. do n.e. ‒ VII v. n.e. [History and Epigraphy of Olbia, Chersonesus and Bosporus of 7th century BC – 7th Century AD]. Saint Petersburg.
Zgusta, L. 1955: Die Personennamen griechischer Städte der nördlichen Schwarzmeerküste. Praha.
Zgusta, L. 1964: Kleinasiatische Personennamen. Prag.
Zhebelev, S.A. 1953: Severnoe Prichernomor’e [The North Black Sea Region]. Moscow– Leningrad.
- Details
- Hits: 348
Abstract
This is the publication of gold and silver lunula-pendants discovered in the fire layer of the early citadel of the Artezian fortified settlement in Eastern Crimea in 2013. Along with other finds from the burnt layer of the early citadel of the Artesian fortified site, the objects under consideration are also of great scientific value, coming from a carefully recorded archaeological context, giving them a terminus ante quem of AD 46/47. This makes it possible to correct the chronological observations of researchers on the dating of lunulae. There is nothing surprising in the discovery of a sheet crescent pendant decorated with a garnet inlay, filigree and granulation, which is quite comparable with the Hellenistic samples represented by the find from Tanais. However, the sheet lunula from Artezian diff ers in details of form and decoration, both from the find from Tanais and from the crescent pendants of this type from the burial grounds of the South-Western Crimea. Also, the chronology of lunulae made of rods with balls at the ends, in large numbers originating from the burials and sanctuaries in the South-Western and Piedmont Crimea, dating before not earlier than the second half of the 1st century AD, is specified.
Keywords
Eastern Crimea, Artezian fortified settlement, Roman-Bosporan War of AD 45– 49, jewellery from precious metals, crescent pendants.
Abramzon, M.G., Treister, M., Vinokurov, N.I. 2012: Two Hoards of Coins and Jewelry Items from the Time of the Roman-Bosporan War (45–49 AD) from Artezian Site. ACSS 18.2, 207–278.
Abramzon, M.G., Vinokurov, N.I., Treister, M.Yu. 2012: Dva klada monet i yuvelirnyhh izdeliy vremeni rimsko-bosporskoy voyny 45–49 gg. s gorodishcha Artezian [Two Hoards of Coins and Jewellery Items from the time of the Roman-Bosporan War of AD 45–49 from the fortified Settlement Artezian]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 3, 93– 146.
Abramzon, M., Vinokurov, N.I. 2015: Cistophori from the Artezian Settlement (Ptolemaeus’ Παρόστα?). EA 21, 151–159.
Abramzon, M.G., Vinokurov, N.I. 2016: Zolotye statery Aspurga i Mitridata III i novye kompleksy s monetami i yuvelirnymi izdeliyami s gorodishcha Artezian [Gold Staters of Aspurgus and Mithridates III and New Complexes with Coins and Jewellery Items from the the fortified Settlement Artezian]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 76.3, 712–743.
Abramzon, M., Vinokurov, N.I. 2017: Gold Staters of Aspurgus and Mithridates III and New Complexes with Coins and Jewellery Items from the Artezian Settlement. ACSS 23, 1–41.
Bingöl, F.R.I. 1999: Anadolu medenizetleri müzesi. Antik takilar. Ankara.
Bujukliev, Kh. 1986: Trakiyskiyat mogilen nekropol pri Chatalka, Starozagorski okrag [La necropole tumulaire Thrace près de Čatalka, region de Stara Zagora] (Razkopki i prouchvaniya [Fouilles et Recherches] XVI). Sofia.
Cat. Athens 1999: A. Delivorrias (ed.), Ελληνικα κοσμηματα. Από τις Συλλογές του Μουσείου Μπε- νάκη. Athens.
Cat. London 1997: Walker, S., Bierbrier, M. Ancient Faces. Mummy Portraits from Roman Egypt. London.
Cat. Milan 1984: E.M. De Juliis (ed.), Gli ori di Taranto in età ellenistico. Milano.
Cat. Sofia 2016: N. Ivanova, P. Andreeva, М. Rekho (eds.), Ogledalo na vremeto. Zhenskata krasota prez vekovete / The Mirror of Time: Female Beauty through the Ages. Sofia.
Cat. Thessaloniki 1978: K. Ninou (ed.), Treasures of Ancient Macedonia: Catalogue. Thessaloniki.
Cat. Thessaloniki 2007: D. Grammenos (ed.), Ο χρυσός των Μακεδόνων. Από την έκθεση του Αρχαιολογικού Μουσείου Θεσσαλονίκης. Thessaloniki.
D’Ambrosio, A., De Carolis, E. 1997: I monili dall’area Vesuviana (Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompei, Cataloghi 6). Roma.
Dasen, V. 2003: Les amulettes d’enfants dans le monde gréco-romain. Latomus 62.2, 275–289.
Dimitrova, D. 2010: Bogati trakiyski grobove ot rimskata epokha v Slivensko [Rich Thraсian Burials in the Sliver Region]. Izvestiya na muzeite ot Yugoiztochna Balgariya [Reports of the Museum of South-Eastern Bulgaria] XXV, 13–31.
Dmitriev, A.V., Malyshev, A.A., Mednikova, M.B., Onayko, N.A., Stolyarova, E.K. 2020: Opisanie arkheologicheskikh kompleksov. Katalog. In: A.A. Malyshev (ed.), Myskhakskiy nekropol’. Raskopki 1978–1979 gg. [Myskhako Necropolis. 1978–1979 Excavations] (Nekropoli Chernomor’ya [Necropoleis of the Black Sea Region] V). Moscow, 10–122.
Dmitriev, A.V., Malyšev, A.A., Vjazkova, O.E. 1999: Die Siedlung von Myschako. Ein südöstlicher Vorposten des Bosporanischen Reiches. EA 5, 445–486.
Gavritukhin, I.O., Sviridov, A.N., Yazikov, S.V. 2020: Mogil’nik rimskogo vremeni Frontovoe 3 v Yugo-Zapadnom Krymu (predvaritel’noe soobshchenie) [A Necropolis of the Roman Period Frontovoe 3 in the South-Western Crimea (Preliminary Report)]. Rossiyskaya arkheologiya [Russian Archaeology] 2, 91–110.
Gogiberidze, N. 2008: Jewelry. In: A. Furtwängler, I. Gagoshidze, H. Löhr, N. Ludwig (Hrsg.), Iberia and Rome. The Excavations of the Palace at Dedoplis Gora and the Roman Military Influence in the Caucasian Kingdom of Iberia. Langenweißbach, 165–189.
Gorbenko, A.A., Kosyanenko, V.M. 2011: Nekropol’ Paniardisa [The Paniardis Necropolis] (Donskie drevnosti [Don Antquities] 11). Azov.
Greifenhagen, A. 1975. Schmuckarbeiten in Edelmetall. Bd. II. Berlin.
Guglielmino, R. 1994: La necropoli di Entella. In: Nécropoles et sociétés antiques (Grèce, Italie, Languedoc): Actes du Colloque international du Centre de recherches archéologiques de l‘université de Lille III (Lille, 2–3 décembre 1991). Naples, 198–216.
Hackens, T., Lévy, E. 1965: Trésor hellénistique trouvé à Délos en 1964. BCH 89, 503–566.
Kitow, G., Pawłow, P. 1987: Kultura tracka na ziemiach okręgu Łoweczańskiego. Sofia.
Korpusova, V.N. 1983: Nekropol‘ Zolotoe [Zolotoe Necropolis]. Kiev.
Kropotov, V.V. 2014: Datirovka pozdneskifskikh zolotykh podvesok-lunnits iz predgornogo Kryma [The Dating of the late Scythian Gold Crescent Pendants from the Foothills of the Crimea]. In: Materіali naukovoy konferentsіi “Yuvelіrne mistetstvo – poglyad krіz’ vіki”. Kiiv, 18–20 listopada 2013 r. [Materials of the Scientific Conference “Jewellery Art – a Look through the Ages”. Kyiv, November 18–20, 2013]. Kiev, 137–144.
Lungu, V., Covacef, Z., Chera, C. 2012: Bijuterii antice din aur din colecţille Muzeului de istorie naţională şi archeologie Constanţa (Biblioheca Tomitana VI). Constanţa.
Lysenko, A.V., Masyakin, V.V., Mordvintseva, V.I. 2015: Mogila № 1 nekropolya rimskogo vremeni Luchistoe-2 (Yuzhnyy Krym) [Grave no. 1 of the Necropolis Luchistor-2 (South Crimea) of the Roman Period]. Istoriya i arkheologiya Kryma [History and Archaeology of Crimea] II, 295–333.
Lysenko, A.V., Mordvintseva, V.I. 2019: Metallicheskie ukrasheniya kostyuma – votivy svyatilishcha rimskogo vremeni Eklizi-Burun (k kul’turnoy atributsii pamyatnika) [Metal Costume Decorations – Votives from the Roman Period Sanctuary Eklizi-Burun (to the cultural Attribution of the Site)]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 4, 239–295.
Malyshev, А.А. 2020: Pogrebal’nyy inventar’ Myskhakskogo nekropolya [Burial Inventory of the Myskhako Necropolis]. In: A.A. Malyshev (ed.), Myskhakskiy nekropol’. Raskopki 1978–1979 gg. [Myskhako Necropolis. 1978–1979 Excavations] (Nekropoli Chernomor’ya [Necropoleis of the Black Sea Region] V). Moscow, 143–172.
Malyshev, А.А. 2021: Poluostrov Abrau v rimskoe vremya [Abrau Peninsula in the Roman Period]. Hypanis 3, 147–170.
Mano-Zisi, D. 1957: Nalaz iz Tekije. Beograd.
Mansel, A.M. 1939: Grabhügelforschung in Ostthrakien. Izvestiya na Bulgarskiya arheologicheski institut [Proceedings of the Bulgarian Archaeological Institute] XIX, 154–189.
Marshall, F.H. 1911: Catalogue of the Jewellery, Greek, Etruscan and Roman, in the Departments of Antiquities, British Museum. London.
Mastykova, A.V. 2022: Zhenskie amulety v forme lunnits iz zolotoy provoloki v nekropole rimskogo vremeni Frontovoe 3 (Yugo-Zapadnyy Krym) [Female’ Amulets in the Crescent Form made of Gold Wire in the Necropolis of the Roman Period Frontovoe 3 (South-Western Crimea)]. Stratum plus 4, 151–165.
Mastykova, A.V., Khayretdinova, E.A. (eds.) 2022: Mogil‘nik rimskogo vremeni Frontovoe 3: varvary na granitsakh Imperii [The Cemetery of the Roman Period Frontovoe 3: the Barbarians on the Frontire of the Empire]. Moscow.
Mikhaylov, F. 2014: Rezultati ot spasitelnite arkheologicheski razkopki na nekropol ot I khil. pr. Khr. kray selo Delyan (Predvaritelno saobshchenie) [Results of the Rescue Archaeological Excavations of the Necropolis of 1st Millennium BC near the Village of Delyan (Preliminary Report)]. Izvestiya Regionalen istoricheski muzey – Pernik [Reports of the Regional History Museum – Pernik] 2, 60–76.
Meriçboyu, Y.A. 2001: Antikçağ’ de Anadolu takilari. Istanbul.
Miller, S. 1979: Two Groups of Thessalian Gold. Berkeley–Los Angeles.
Mordvintseva, V.I., Khachaturova, Е.А., Yurchenko, Т.V. 2010: Sokrovishcha drevney Kubani [The Treasures of Ancient Kuban]. Simferopol–Krasnodar.
Mordvintseva, V.I., Lysenko, A.V., Masyakin, V.V. Female Elite Grave in the Necropolis Luchistoe- 2 (Southern Crimea). ACSS 22, 199–261.
Mordvintseva, V.I., Treister, М.Yu. 2007: Proizvedeniya torevtiki i yuvelirnogo iskusstva v Severnom Prichernomor’e. II v. do n.e. – II v. n.e. [The Items of Toreutics and Jewellery Art in the North Pontic Area. 2nd Century BC – 2nd Century AD]. Simferopol–Bonn.
Novichikhin, А., Galut, О. 2013: Zoloto Gorgippii [The Gold of Gorgippia]. Anapa–Krasnodar.
Onurkan, S. 1988: Doğu Trakya tümülüsleri maden eserleri. Istanbul arkeoloji müzelerindeki Trakya toplu bulluntulari. Ankara.
Pantos, P. 1983. Αχινός. Οικόπεδο Γ.Λ. Χάδου. Αρχαιολογικόν Δελτίον 38.B.1, 174.
Popović, I. 1994: Antique Silver from Serbia / Antičko srebro u Srbiji. Beograd.
Pülz, A.M. 2009: Die Goldfunde aus dem Artemision von Ephesos (Forschungen in Ephesos 12,5). Wien.
Puzdrovskiy, А.Е. 2007: Krymskaya Skifiya. II v. do n.e. – III v. n.e. Pogrebal‘nye pamyatniki [Crimean Scythia. 2nd Century BC. – 3rd Century AD. Funeral monuments]. Simferopol.
Puzdrovskiy, А.Е., Trufanov, А.А. 2015: Dva sklepa v tsentral’noy chasti Ust’-Al’minskogo nekropolya [Two Crypts in the Central Part of the Ust-Alma Necropolis]. Istoriya i arkheologiya Kryma [History and Archaeology of the Crimea] 2, 200–231.
Riha, E. 1990: Der römische Schmuck aus Augst und Kaiseraugst (Forschungen in Augst 10). Augst.
Rosenthal-Heginbottom, R. 2018: Schmuck aus dem Reich der Nabatäer Hellenistische Traditionen in frührömischer Zeit. Journal of Hellenistic Pottery and Material Culture 3, 88–175.
Ruseva-Slokoska, L. 1991. Roman Jewellery. A Collection of the National Archaeological Museum‒ Sofia. London.
Ruxer, M.S., Kubszak, J. 1972: Naszyjnik grecki w okresie hellenistycznym i rzymskim. Warsaw– Poznań.
Şahin, S. 1998: Afyon arkeoloji müzesi. Ankara.
Scatozza Höricht, L.A. 1989: I monili di Ercolano (Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompei, Cataloghi. 3). Roma.
Stefanelli, L.P.B. 1992: L’oro dei Romani. Roma.
Stoyanova, A.A. 2016: Podveski iz mogil’nika Neyzats. In: I.N. Khrapunov (ed.), Krym v sarmatskuyu epokhu (II v. do n. e. – IV v. n. e.). II. 20 let issledovaniy mogil’nika Neyzats [The Crimea in the Sarmatian Period (2nd Century BC–4th Century AD). Vol. II. 20 Years of Investigations of Neyzats Necropolis]. Simferopol’, 122–165.
Strzheletskiy, S.F., Vysotskaya, T.N., Ryzhova, L.A., Zhestkova, G.I. 2003–2004: Naselenie okrugi Khersonesa v pervoy polovine I tysyacheletiya novoy ery (po materialam nekropolya “Sovkhoz № 10” [The Population of the Vicinities of Chersonesos in the first Half of the 1st Millennium AD (based on the Materials of the necropolis “Sovkhoz No. 10”]. Stratum plus 4, 27–277.
Treister, М.Yu. 2007: Torevtika i yuvelirnoe delo v Severnom Prichernomor‘e. II v. do n.e. – II v. n.e. (ellenisticheskaya tradititsiya). In: Mordvintseva, V.I., Treister, М.Yu. Proizvedeniya torevtiki i yuvelirnogo iskusstva v Severnom Prichernomor’e. II v. do n.e. – II v. n.e. [The Items of Toreutics and Jewellery Art in the North Pontic Area. 2nd Century BC – 2nd Century AD]. Vol. 1. Simferopol–Bonn, 15–194.
Trufanov, А.А. 2009: Khronologiya mogil’nikov Predgornogo Kryma I v. do n.e. – III v. n.e. [The Chronology of the Necropoleis of the Peidmont Crimea of the 1st Century BC–3rd Century AD]. Stratum plus 4, 117–328.
Trufanov, А.А. 2017: Parnoe detskoe pogrebenie iz Ust’-Al’minskogo nekropolya [Paired Children’s Burial from the Ust-Alma necropolis]. Istoriya i arkheologiya Kryma [History and Archaeology of the Crimea] VI, 33–41.
Wrede, H. 1975: Lunulae im Halsschmuck, in: Wandlungen. In: Studien zur antiken und neueren Kunst, Ernst Homann-Wedekind gewidmet. Waldsassen, 243–254.
Zafiropoulou, F. 1998: Δήλος. Μαρτυριες απο τα Μουσειακα εκθεματα. Athens.
Zaytsev, Yu.P. 2003: Neapol‘ Skifskiy (II v. do n.e. – III v. n.e.) [Scythian Neapolis (the 2nd Century BC – 3rd Century AD)]. Simferopol.
Zaytsev, Yu.P., Voloshinov, A.A., Kyunel’t, E., Masyakin, V.V., Mordvintseva, V.I., Firsov, K.B., Fless, F. 2007: Pozdneskifskiy nekropol‘ Zavetnoe (Alma-Kermen) I–III vv. n.e. v Yugo- Zapadnom Krymu. Raskopki 2004 g. [Late Scythian necropolis of Zavetnoe (Alma-Kermen) of the 1st–3rd centuries AD in South-Western Crimea. 2004 Excavations]. In: Yu.P. Zaytsev, V.I. Mordvintseva (eds.), Drevnyaya Tavrika. Posvyashchaetsya 80-letiyu T. N. Vysotskoy [Ancient Tauride. Dedicated to the 80th Birthday of T.N. Vysotskaya]. Simferopol, 249–290.
Zaytsev, Yu.P., Shkriblyak, I.I. 2022: Svyatilishche rimskogo vremeni na gore Kara-Tau v Predgornom Krymu [The Sanctuary of the Roman Period on the Kara-Tau Mount in the Piedmont Crimea]. Stratum plus (4), 129–149.
Zhuravlev, D.V., Novikova, E.Yu., Kovalenko, S.A., Shemakhanskaya, M.S. 2017: Zoloto Khersonesa Tavricheskogo. Yuvelirnye izdeliya iz sobraniya Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya [The Gold of Tauric Chersonesos. Jewellery from the Collection of the State Historical Museum]. Moscow.
- Details
- Hits: 275
Abstract
The article is devoted to the newly proposed reading of the graffito on the Chian amphora sherd, discovered in course of excavations at Phanagoria. According to some earlier suggested reconstructions it bears a name of Phanagoras/es, founder of the city, named after him. He was a leader of Greek colonists from his native city of Teos. The publication of this graffito caused a series of real debates between the scholars who put forward diff erent versions concerning the reading of the text and attribution of the person under a proper name Phanagoras. The author of the article mentions all points of view, which appeared during these discussions, informs about his own position, arguing some of the points and agreeing with opponents in terms of restoration line 2. Considering all critical notes and suggestions, born in course of this discussion, the author returned to this inscription once more and gives a new version of how to read and explain the text. According to his reading, based on careful analysis of terms and abbreviations along with the script, the Phanagorian graffiti has no deal with Phanagoras as ktistes of the city nor with the gods which some scholars were trying to find in the text. In reality the graffito is a trading note which belonged to the fish-trader and informs about the sale of keris, a kind of sea-fish, popular among the Greeks as excellent food. This fish was brought to Phanagoria, probably to its emporion, and was presumably passed to a certain Phanagoras, maybe a companion in trade of the graffito’s author. The fish-trader could simply bring fish to the city in order to receive income – two obols and one chalkoy – for one mina or one fish. So, the inscription looks like a very important source on commercial activity in Phanagoria in late Archaic and early Classical time.
Keywords
Phanagoria, Phanagoras, graffito, keris, emporion, income from sales, fishing, fish salting, fish market.
Amemiya, T. 2007: Economy and Economies of Ancient Greece. Routledge–New York.
Bogaert, R.1968: Banques et banquiers dans les cites grecques. Paris.
Braund, D. 1995: Fish from the Black Sea: Classical Byzantium and the Greekness of Trade. In: J. Wilkins, D. Harvey, M. Dobson (eds.), Food in Antiquity. Exeter, 162–171.
Brixhe, Cl. 1976: Le dialecte grec de la Pamphyle. Documents et grammare. Paris.
Buck, C.D. 2001: The Greek Dialects. Bristol.
Cohen, E. 1992: Athenian Economy and Society: A Banking Perspective. Princeton.
Cook, B.F. 1998: Greek Inscriptions. Berkeley–Los Angeles.
Cook, R.M., Woodhead, A.G. 1952: Painted Inscriptions on Chiot Pottery. ABSA 47, 159–170.
Danoff , Ch. 1962: Pontos Euxeinos. RE. Supplbd. IX, 867–1920.
Davies, J.K. 2001: Temple, Credit, and the Circulation of Money. In: A. Meadows, K. Shipton (eds.), Money and Its Uses in the Ancient Greek World. Oxford, 117–128.
Dovatur, A.I. 1965: Kratkiy ocherk grammatiki bosporskikh nadpisey [Short essay of grammar concerning the Bosporan inscriptions]. In: V. Struve (ed.). Korpus bosporskikh nadpisey [Corpus Inscriptionum Regni Bosporani]. Moscow–Leningrad, 797–831.
Dubois, L. 1996: Inscriptions grecques dialectales d’Olbia du Pont. Genève.
Étienne, R. 1993: L’emporion chez Strabon. In: A. Bresson., P. Rouillard (eds.), L’emporion. Paris, 23–34.
Gorissen, P. 1978: Litterae lunate. Ancient Society 9, 149–162.
Hackl, R. 1909: Merkantile Inschriften aus attischen Vasen. In: Münchener archäologische Studien. München, 8–10.
Højte, J. 2005: The Archaeological Evidence for Fish Processing in the Black Sea Region. In: T. Bekker-Nielsen (ed.), Ancient Fishing and Fish Processing in the Black Sea Region (BSS 2). Aarhus, 133–160.
Homolle, T. 1882: Comptes des Hiéropes du temple d’Apollon Délien. BCH 6, 1–167.
Jeffery, L.H. 1961: Local Scripts of Archaic Greece. Oxford.
Kucherevskaya, N.L. 2018: Epiklesy grecheskikh bozhestv v lapidarnoy epigrafike Bospora [Epikleses of gods in lapidary epigraphy of Bosporus]. In: V.Yu. Zuev, V.A. Khrshanovskiy (eds.), Bosporskiy fenomen. Obshchee i osobennoe v istoriko-kul’turnom prostranstve antichnogo mira [Bosporan Phenomenon. General and Special in the Historical and Cultural Space of the Ancient World]. Pt. 1. Saint Petersburg, 334–339.
Lang, M. 1976: Graffiti and Dipinti (The Athenian Agora XXI). Princeton.
Larfeld, W. 1914: Griechische Epigraphik. München.
Lund, J., Gabrielsen, V.2005: A Fishy Business. Transport Amphorae of the Black Sea Region as a Source for Trade in Fish and Fish Products in the Classical and Hellenistic Periods. In: T. Bekker-Nielsen (ed.), Ancient Fishing and Fish Processing in the Black Sea Region (BSS 2). Aarhus, 161–170.
Lytle, E. 2010: Fish Lists in the Wilderness: The Social and Economic History of a Boiotian Price Decree. Hesperia 79, 253–303.
McLean, B.H. 2002: An Introduction to Greek Epigraphy of the Hellenistic and Roman Periods from Alexander the Great down to the Reign of Constantine (323 BC – AD 337). Michigan.
Millet, P. 1991: Lending and Borrowing in Ancient Athens. Cambridge.
Monakhov, S.Yu., Kuznetsova, E.V., Tolstikov, V.P., Churekova, N.B. 2020: Amfory VI–I vv. do n.e. iz sobraniya Gosudarstvennogo muzeya izobrazitel’nykh iskusstv im. A.S. Pushkina [The Sixth–Second Centuries BC Amphorae in the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts. Saratov
Rouillard, P. 1993: L’emporion chez Strabon. In: A. Bresson, P. Rouillard (eds.), L’emporion. Paris, 35–46.
Rusyaeva, A.S. 2010: Graffiti Olvii Pontiyskoy [Graffiti from Olbia Pontica]. Simferopol.
Saprykin, S.Yu. 2019: K prochteniyu i interpretatsii nekotorykh bosporskikh graffiti [Concerning the reading and interpretation of some Bosporan graffiti]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 24, 473–487.
Saprykin, S.Yu., Belousov, A.V., Fedoseev, N.F. 2013: Dva fragmenta svintsovykh plastin iz Pantikapeya [Two fragments of lead plaques from Panticapaeum]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 17, 265–271.
Semenov-Zuser, S.А. 1947: Rybnyy rynok v Khersonese [The fish market in Chersonesus]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 2, 237–246.
Shelov-Kovediaev, F.V. 2018: К ranney istorii Fanagorii [Regarding the early history of Phanagoria]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 3, 98–107.
Shelov-Kovediaev, F.V. 2020: De titulis Bosporanis et vicinis. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 25, 426–442.
Shelov-Kovediaev, F.V.2021: De titulis Bosporanis et vicinis IV. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 26, 411–431.
Surikov, I.E., 2022: Po povodu nekotorykh drevneischikh svidetelstv o bosporskom gorode Fanagorii [On some the most ancient witnesses about the Bosporan city of Phanagoria]. In: Bosporskiy fenomen. Bol’shie i malye goroda Bosporskogo tsarstva. Kruglyy stol, posvyashchennyy 75-letiyu E.A. Moleva (1947–2021) [Bosporan Phenomenon. Large and Small Cities of the Bosporan Kingdom. Round Table Dedicated to the 75th Anniversary of E.A. Molev (1947–2021)]. Saint Petersburg, 159–164.
Talcott, L. 1935: Attic Black-Glazed Stamped Ware and Other Pottery from a Fifth Century Well. Hesperia 4, 477–523.
Threatte, L. 1980: The Grammar of Attic Inscriptions. Berlin–New York.
Tod, M.N. 1911/1912: The Greek Numerical Notation. ABSA 18, 104–116.
Tоkhtasyev, S.R. 2004: Bospor i Sindika v epokhu Levkona I (оbzor novykh epigraficheskikh publikatsiy) [Bosporus and Sindice in the reign of Leuconos I (review of the new epigraphic publications)]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 3, 144–179.
Velissaropoulos, J. 1977: Le monde de l’emporion. DHA 3, 61–85.
Velissaropoulos, J. 1980: Les nauclères grecs. Paris–Genève.
Wilkins, J. 2000: Athenaeus and the Fishes of Archippus. In: D. Braund, J. Wilkins (eds.), Athenaeus and His World. Exeter, 523–535.
Wright, J.H. 1896: The Origin of Sigma Lunatum. TAPA 27, 79–89.
Yailenko, V.P. 2022: Dipinti rybozavodchikov na kadosakh rubezha er iz Pantikapeya [Dipinti of fish factory-owners on kadoses of the 1st century BC – 1st century AD from Panticapaeum]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 27, 336–369.
Zavoykina, N.V. 2016: Graffiti na keramike pozdnearkhaicheskogo vremeni iz Fanagorii [Graffiti on pottery of Late Archaic time from Phanagoreia]. In: D.V. Zhuravlev, U. Schlotzauer (eds.), Aziatskiy Bospor i Prikubanie v dorimskoe vremya [Asiatic Bosporus and Kuban Region before Pre-Roman Period]. Мoscow, 41–48.
Zavoykina, N.V. 2018: Spisok pozhertvovaniy s upominaniem Fanagora tretyey chetverti VI v. do n.e. iz Fanagorii [The list of sacrifices with mentioning of Phanagoras, dated to the third quarter of the sixth century BC from Phanagoria], In: V.Yu. Zuev, V.A. Khrshanovskiy (eds.), Bosporskiy fenomen. Obshchee i osobennoe v istoriko-kul’turnom prostranstve antichnogo mira [Bosporan Phenomenon. General and Special in the Historical and Cultural Space of the Ancient World]. Pt. 1. Saint Petersburg, 292–299.
Zavoykinа, N.V. 2015: Маlaya epigrafikа [Minor epigraphy]. In: V.D. Кuznetzov, А.А. Zavoykin (eds.), Fanagoria [Phanagoreia]. Мoscow, 132–139.
Zavoykinа, N.V. 2017: Оsnovaniе Fanagorii. Vtoraya polovina 6 v. dо n.e. Graffitо s upominaniem Fanagora [Foundation of Phanagoria. The second half of the 6th century BC. Graffito mentioning Phanagoras]. In: V.P. Тоlstikov, V.D. Кuznetzov (еds.), Pantikapey i Fanagoriya. Dve stolitzy Bosporskogo tzarstva [Panticapaeum and Phanagoria. Two Capitals of the Kingdom of Bosporus]. Мoscow, 209–215.
Zavoykinа, N.V. 2020: Graffito оk. 540 g. do n.e. iz Fanagorii [Graffito ca. 540 BC from Phanagoria]. Кratkie soobsheniya Instituta arkheologii [Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology] 258, 245–250.
Zavoykinа, N.V. 2022: Novye kommercheskiye nadpisi na amforakh V–IV vv. dо n.e. iz Fanagorii [New commercial inscriptions on amphoras of the 5th – 4th centuries BC from Phanagoria]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 27, 113–124.
- Details
- Hits: 294
Abstract
The paper deals with a group of Hellenistic stone tombs in the form of a box, discovered in the necropolis of Phanagoria. The tradition of burying one person (12 cases) or several (4 cases) in these structures is considered. Against the background of numerically predominant individual burials, isolated cases of simultaneous and consecutive burials of two or more persons in the space of one tomb are recorded. The phenomenon of deliberate unification of individual tombs into funerary ensembles, including those consisting of diff erent types of burials, is considered. Based on the analysis of all known materials, a conclusion is made about the individual nature of the stone boxes of Phanagoria.
Keywords
Cimmerian Bosporus, Phanagoria, Hellenism, necropolis, stone tombs.
Korovina, A.K. 1987: Nekropol’ Fanagorii (raskopki 1964–1965 gg.) [The Necropolis of Phanagoria (1964–1965 excavations)]. In.: I.E. Danilova, N.A. Sidorova, L.M. Smirnova (eds.), Kul’tura i iskusstvo Bospora. Aziatskiy Bospor [Culture and Art of the Bosporus. Asiatic Bosporus] (Soobshcheniya Gosudarstvennogo muzeya izobrazitel’nykh iskusstv imeni A.S. Pushkina [Transactions of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts] 8). Moscow, 71–109.
Kuznetsov, V.D. 2013: Fanagoriya: nekotorye itogi issledovaniya [Phanagoria: some results of the study]. In: V.D. Kuznetsov (ed.), Fanagoriya. Rezul`taty arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy (Phanagoria. Results of Archaeological Research) [Phanagoria, vol. 1]. Moscow, 12–41.
Maslennikov, A.A. 1995: Kamennye yashchiki Vostochnogo Kryma (K istorii sel’skogo naseleniya Evropeyskogo Bospora v VI–I vv. do n.e.) [Stone boxes of the Eastern Crimea (On the history of the rural population of the European Bosporus in the 6th – 1st centuries BC)] (Bosporskiy sbornik) [Bosporan Miscellany] 8. Moscow.
Shavyrina, T.G., Voroshilova O.M. 2013: Issledovaniya Zapadnogo nekropolya Fanagorii (po materialam raskopok 1987–2000 gg.). In: V.D. Kuznetsov (ed.), Fanagoriya. Rezul`taty arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy (Phanagoria. Results of Archaeological Research) [Phanagoria, vol. 1]. Moscow, 415–481.
Sudarev, N.I. 2010: Nekropoli i pogrebal’nye obryady [Necropolises and funeral rites]. In.: G.M. Bongard-Levin, V.D. Kuznetsov (ed.), Antichnoe nasledie Kubani [Ancient Heritage of Kuban]. Vol. II. Moscow, 418–473.
Voroshilov, A.N., Voroshilova, O.M. 2016: O novykh nakhodkakh ellinisticheskikh kamennykh “yashchikov” v Fanagorii. [Recent discoveries of Hellenistic stone “boxes” in Phanagoria] In D.V. Zhuravlev, U. Schlotzhauer (eds.), Aziatskiy Bospor i Prikuban’e v dorimskoe vremya [Asiatic Bosporus and the Kuban Region in Pre-Roman Times]. Moscow, 23–28.
Voroshilov, A.N., Voroshilova, O.M. 2020: Kamennaya ellinisticheskaya grobnitsa iz raskopok Fanagorii v 2019 g. [Stone Hellenistic tomb (2019 excavations at Phanagoria)]. Arkheologicheskoe nasledie [Archaeological Heritage] 1 (3), 477–487.
Voroshilova, O.M. 2018: Pogrebeniya v kamennykh yashchikakh iz raskopok Fanagorii v 1975 g. [Burials in stone boxes: 1975 excavations at Phanagoria]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 1, 5–11.
Voroshilova, O.M., Voroshilov, A.N., Shavyrina, T.G. 2022: Ellinisticheskoe pogrebenie s naborom zolotykh ukrasheniy iz Fanagorii [A Hellenistic burial with gold jewelry from Phanagoria]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 4, 5–16.
- Details
- Hits: 286
Abstract
The discovery of two impost Ionic capitals in Phanagoria is of particular importance, since these are the first material evidence of the existence of an early Byzantine cult structure in the city. The article considers the question of the origin of this type of capitals, analyzes the problems of their typology and chronology. The place and the date of manufacture of the Phanagorian samples are determined, and a distribution area of similar ones is outlined. The finding of one of the capitals near the synagogue uncovered in the summer of 2023 suggests that the capitals belong to the architectural decoration of the synagogue, which testifies to a significant reconstruction of the synagogue itself or more probable of the complex of its premises in the second half of the 5th – early 6th centuries or to be more exact to the late 5th - early 6th centuries, i.e. when the Bosporus was already in the sphere of infl uence of the Byzantine Empire, which had laws aimed at restricting the rights of the Jews. All these circumstances necessitated the detailed examination of the status of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire and the situation in the north-eastern Black Sea region. The question of the mutual location of the Christian church and the synagogue in the city structure is considered.
Keywords
Byzantine Empire, 5th – 6th centuries, Northeastern Black Sea region, basilica, synagogue, marble architectural details.
Artamonov, M.I. 1935: Srednevekovye poseleniya na Nizhnem Donu [Medieval Settlements on the Lower Don]. Leningrad.
Artamonov, M.I. 2001: Istoriya khazar [History of the Khazars]. Saint Petersburg.
Atanasov, G. 2009: Basiliques de l’époque de Haut Christianisme à Durostorum-Silistra. Pontica 42, 231–241.
Avi-Yonah, M. 1976: Jews of Palestine: A Political History from the Bar Kokhba War to the Arab Conquest. New York–Oxford.
Aydin, A. 2018: Zum Marmor-Handel in Kilikien und Isaurien in Frühbyzantinische Zeit. XVIII. Türk Tarih Kongresi. V. Cilt. Göç ve İskân – İktisat Tarihi – Vakıfl ar Tarihi. Akara, 305–320.
Barnea, I. 1958: Roman-Byzantine Basilicae discovered in Dobrogea between 1948–1958. Dacia N.S. 2, 331–349.
Ben-Sasson, H.H. 1976: A History of the Jewish People. London.
Biernacki, A.B. 2009: Wczesnobizantyjskie elementy i detale architektoniczne Chersonezu Taurydzkiego. Poznań.
Böhlendorf-Arslan, B., Dennert, M. 2009: Spolia in the Mosque and Han of Çardak (Troad). Istanbuler Mitteilungen 59, 337–358.
Castagnino Berlinghieri, E.F., Paribeni, A. 2015: Marble Production and Marble Trade along the Mediterranean Coast in the Early Byzantine Period (Vth-VIth centuries AD): the Data from Quarries, Shipwrecks and Monument. In: P.M. Militello Hakan Öniz (ed.), SOMA 2011 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Mediterranean Archaeology, held at the University of Catania 3–5 March 2011. Vol. II (BAR IS 2695/II), 1033–1041.
Castagnino Berlinghieri, E.F., Paribeni, А. 2011: A Byzantine Merchant Ships and Marble Trade. New Data from the Central Mediterranean. Skyllis 11.1, 64–75.
Chichurov, I.S. 1980: Vizantiyskie istoricheskie sochineniya: “Khronografiya” Feofana, “Breviariy” Nikifora [Byzantine historical works: “Chronography” by Theophanes, “Breviary” by Nicephorus]. Moscow.
De Lange, N.R.M. 1992: Jews and Christians in the Byzantine Empire: Problems and Prospects. In: D. Wood (ed.), Christianity and Judaism. Papers Read at the 1991 Summer Meeting and the 1992 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Cambridge, 15–32.
Doseva, I. 2010: Rannovizantiyskite kapiteli ot Sozopol: traditsiya i mnogoobrazie [Early Byzantine capitals from Sozopol: tradition and diversity]. Problemi na izkustvoto [Problems of Art] 2, 3–11.
Doseva, I. 2021: Rannovizantiyski kapiteli ot episkopskata bazilika na Filipopol [Early Byzantine capitals from the Episcopal Basilica of Philippopolis]. Problemi na izkustvoto [Problems of Art] 1, 3–12.
Gaydukevich, V.F. 1940: Pamyatniki rannego srednevekov’ya v Tiritake [Early Medieval Relics in Tyritace]. Sovetskaya arkheologiya [Soviet Archaeology] VI, 190–204.
Goldstein, Ph. 2012: Separation: Synagogue and Church, Jew and Christian (29–414 CE). A Convenient Hatred: the History of Antisemitism. Brookline.
Golofast, L.A. 2020: Rannesrednevekovaya amfora s drevneevreyskoy nadpis’yu na svintsovoy plombe iz Fanagorii [Early medieval amphora with a Hebrew inscription on the lead seal from Phanagoria]. Rossiyskaya arkheologiya [Russian Archaeology] 3, 159–172.
Golofast, L.A. 2021a: Fanagoriya IV–VII vv. po svedeniyam pis’mennykh istochnikov i dannym arkheologii [Phanagoria in the 4th – 7th Centuries (Written Sources and Archaeological Data)]. Hypanis 3, 42–57.
Golofast, L.A. 2021b: Amfory VI v. s izobrazheniem menory iz Fanagorii [Sixth-century amphorae with representations of menorah from Phanagoria]. Rossiyskaya arkheologiya [Russian Archaeology] 4, 53–64.
Golofast, L.A. 2022: Khristianstvo v Fanagorii. Arkheologicheskie svidetel’stva [Christianity in Phanagoria. Archaeological Evidence]. Hypanis 4, 69–106.
Hachlili, R. 1997: Aspects of Similarity and Diversity in the Architecture and Art of Ancient Synagogues and Churches in the Land of Israel. Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 113, 92–122.
Hakola, R. 2016: Galilean Jews and Christians in Context: Spaces Shared and Contested in the Eastern Galilee in Late Antiquity. In: J. Day, R. Hakola, M. Kahlos. U. Tervahauta (eds.), Spaces in Late Antiquity Cultural, Theological and Archaeological Perspectives: Cultural, Theological and Archaeological Perspectives. London–New York, 141–165.
Harrison, R.M. 1986: Excavations at Saraçhane in Istanbul. Vol. I. The Excavations, Structures, Architectural Decorations, Small Finds, Coins, Bones and Molluscs. Princeton.
Hezser, C. 2023: Byzantine Synagogue Legislation, Christianization, and Postcolonial Theory. In: J. Hahn (ed.). Expropriation and Destruction of Synagogues in Antiquity. Leiden–Boston, 1–28.
Iozhitsa, D.V. 2022: Rannesrednevekovye kapiteli iz raskopok “Karalezskoy baziliki” [Early Byzantine capitals from excavations at the “Basilica of Karales”]. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii [Materials on the Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria] XXVII, 144–165.
Kalinina, T.M. 2012: Simvoly sakral’noy vlasti v Khazarii. In: N.A. Alekseenko, H. Hoff mann (eds.), Sacrum et Profanum. Iss. V. Pamyat’ v vekakh: ot semeynoy relikvii k natsional’noy svyatyne [Sacrum et Profanum. Issue. V. Memory through the Ages: from a Family Heirloom to a National Shrine]. Sevastopol, 53–59.
Kapitän, G. 1969: The Church Wreck off Marzamemi. Archaeology 22.2, 122–133.
Kautszch, R. 1936: Kapitellstudien. Beiträge zu einer Geschichte des spätantiken Kapitelle im Osten vom vierten bis ins siebente Jahrhundert. Berlin–Leipzig.
Khrushkova, L.G. 2016: Rannevizantiyskie kapiteli i drugie elementy arkhitekturnogo dekora iz yugo-zapadnogo Kryma [Early Byzantine capitals and other elements of architectural decoration from Southwestern Crimea]. Uchenye zapiski Krymskogo federal’nogo universiteta imeni V.I. Vernadskogo. Seriya “Istoricheskie nauki” [Scientific Notes of the Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky. Series “Historical Sciences”] 2.2, 137–162.
Khrushkova, L.G. 2019: Rannevizantiyskie kapiteli iz Khersonesa Tavricheskogo [Early Byzantine capitals from Taurian Chersonesus]. Materialy po arkheologii i istorii antichnogo i srednevekovogo Prichernomor’ya [Proceedings in Archaeology and History of Ancient and Medieval Black Sea Region] 11, 1–167.
Klenina, E.YU., Bernatski, A.B. 2017: Novyy khristianskiy kompleks v Khersonese: arkhitektura i khronologiya [A new Christian complex in Chersonesus: architecture and chronology]. In: M. Matera, R. Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski (eds.), The Crimea and the Northern Black Sea Coast in Archaeological Research 1956–2013 (ŚWIATOWIT Supplement Series C: Pontica et Caucasica. Vol. I). Warsaw, 105–119.
Levinskaya, I.A., Tokhtas’yev, S.R. 1993: The New Jewish Manumission from Phanagoria. Bulletin of Judaeo-Greek Studies 13, 27–28.
Maguire, R. 2012: Late Antique Basilicas on Cyprus. Sources, Contexts, Histories: Gazatteer. Doctoral Thesis. University of East Anglia.
Mango, C. 1986: The Art of the Byzantine Empire 312–1453. Sources and Documents. Toronto– Buff alo–London.
Mokrousov, S. V. 2000: Krymskoe Priazov’e v rannevizantiyskoe vremya [The Crimean Azov in the Early Byzantine period]. In: P.I. Ivanenko (ed.), Pantikapey–Bospor–Kerch’. 26 vekov drevney stolitse. Sbornik nauchnykh materialov yubileynoy konferentsii [Panticapaeum– Bosporus–Kerch. 26 Centuries of the Ancient Capital. Collection of Scientific Materials of the Anniversary Conference]. Kerch, 99–102.
Niewöhner, Ph. 2021: Byzantine Ornaments in Stone: Architectural Sculpture and Liturgical Furnishings. Berlin–Boston.
Novoseltsev, A.P. 1990: Khazarskoe gosudarstvo i ego rol’ v istorii Vostochnoy Evropy i Kavkaza [The Khazar state and its role in the history of Eastern Europe and the Caucasus]. Moscow. Paraschiv, D., Iacu, I. 2013: The Christian Basilica of Ibida. Elements of Interior Decoration. Arheologia Moldovei XXXVI, 239–252.
Peschlow, U. 2001: Kapitell. Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum 20, 58–123.
Rutgers, L.V. 1992: Archaeological Evidence for the Interaction of Jews and Non-Jews in Late Antiquity. American Journal of Archaeology 96.1 (Jan., 1992), 101–118.
Scranton, R.L. 1957: Mediaeval Architecture: In the Central Area of Corinth (Corinth. Results of Excavations 16). Princeton.
Sodini, J.-P. 1984: La sculpture architecturale à l’époque paléochrétienne en Illyricum. In: Actes du Xe Congrès international d’archéologie chrétienne. Thessalonique, 28 septembre – 4 octobre 1980 (Studi di Antichità cristiana XXXVII et Hellenica. Suppl. 26). Vol. 1. Rapports. Vatican (Rome), 31–117.
Sodini, J.-P. 1989: Le commerce des marbres à l’époque protobyzantine. In: С. Lepelley (ed.), Hommes et richesses dans l’Empire byzantin. IVe–VIIe siècle. T. I. Paris, 163–186.
Sodini, J.-P. 2002: Marble and Stoneworking in Byzantium, Seventh–Fifteenth Centuries. In: A.E. Laiou (ed.), The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century (Dumbarton Oaks Studies 39). Washington, 129–146.
Sodini, J.-P., Barsanti, C., Guiglia Guidobaldi, A. 1998: La sculpture architecturale en marbre au VIe siècle à Constantinople et dans les régions sous infl uence constantinopolitaine. In: Acta XIII Congressus internationalis archaeologiae christianae. II (Studi di Antichità Cristiana 54). Split–Poreć, 301–376.
Vanderheyde, C. 2012: The Architectural Decoration of the Early Byzantine Churches on the West Coast of the Black Sea. ПИ 2, 6–9.
Vasilyevskiy, V.G. 1912: Zhitie Ioanna Gotskogo. V kn.: Trudy V.G. Vasil’evskogo [Works of V.G. Vasilyevskiy]. Vol. II. Iss. 2. Saint Petersburg, 351–427.
Vemi, V. 1989: Les chapiteaux ioniques à imposte de Grèce à l’époque paléochrétienne (BCH. Suppl. XVII). Athènes–Paris.
Yakobson, A.L. 1959: Rannesrednevekovyy Khersones [Early Byzantine Chersonesus] (Materialy i issledovaniya po Arkheologii SSSR [Materials and Research on the Archaeology of USSR] 63). Moscow–Leningrad.
Yegül, F.K. 1974: Early Byzantine Capitals from Sardis. A Study on the Ionic Impost Type. Dumbarton Oaks Papers 28, 265–274.
Zinko, V.N., Zinko, E.A. 2018: Sakral’nye postroyki rannevizantiyskoy Tiritaki [Sacred buildings of early Byzantine Tyritace]. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii [Materials on the Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria] XXIII, 120–134.
- Details
- Hits: 324
Abstract
The paper is a chronological study of one of Archaic house recovered in the ‘Upper City’ of Phanagoria. The house is located at the crossroads of two main streets, which determined the planning structure of this area of the city since ancient times. The author focuses on amphorae, which were used in this house for various purposes. Along the inner wall of one of the rooms (No. 2), six vessels are lined up in a row, which were used for domestic purposes. Five amphorae came from the Ionian centers of production (so-called ‘proto-Thasian’), and one is from Lesbos (red clay). They were used to store liquid or bulk products. Necks and top parts of two Chian amphorae are also placed vertically, but upside down, rim down. They were used as ‘hearths’ or ‘furnace’ for household or craft purposes. The neck of one amphora, located in the southeast corner of the same room, dates back to the third quarter of the 6th century BC. The upper twothirds of another amphora was found near a wall in next room (No. 3). It was plastered with clay; therefore, it was used as a stationary oven. This amphora is a variant of the earliest ‘swollenneck’ type, which date back to ca. 525–490/480 BC. These amphorae are especially important to determine the time of the construction, life and destruction of the house. It is they that provide reliable terminus post / terminus ante quem and allow us to justify the place of this architectural complex in the planning of this area of urban development of the earlier period. Taking into account the dating of the finds from the pit, which preceded the construction of this house, its construction should be attributed no later than to the turn of the first and second decades of the life of Phanagoria (ca. 535/530 BC), and the termination of its life – in within the last two decades of the 5th century BC.
Keywords
Phanagoria, Upper City, Archaic Period, house, amphorae, stratigraphy, chronology, periodization.
Abramzon, M.G., Zavoykin, A.A., Kuznetsov, V.D., Saprykina, I.A. 2019: Monety pozdnearkhaicheskogo i ranneklassicheskogo vremeni iz raskopok Fanagorii [Late Archaic and Early Classical coins from excavations at Phanagoria]. Hypanis 1, 5–27.
Bîrzescu, Iu. 2012: Die archaischen und früklassischen Transportamphoren (Histria XV). Bucureşti.
Buyskikh, A.V., Monakhov, S.Yu. 2009: Keramicheskiy kompleks tret’yey chetverti VI v. do n.e. [Ceramic complex of the third quarter of the 6th century BC]. NORTIA VI. Voronezh, 125–145.
Chistov, D.Ye., Zuyev, V.Yu., Il’ina, Yu.I., Kasparov, A.K., Novoselova, N.Yu. 2012: Issledovaniya na ostrove Berezan’ v 2005–2009 gg. [Research on Berezan Island in 2005–2009] (Materialy Berezanskoy (Nizhnebugskoy) antichnoy arkheologicheskoy ekspeditsii [Materials of the Berezan (Nizhnebug) Ancient Archaeological Mission] 2). Saint Petersburg.
Kuznetsov, V. D. 2001: Raskopki poslednikh let v Fanagorii [Excavations of recent years in Phanagoria]. Tamanskaya starina [Taman Antiquity] 1. Saint Petersburg, 9–14.
Kuznetsov, V.D. 2011: Zametki o kul’turnom sloye Fanagorii [Notes on the cultural layer of Phanagoria]. In: A.A. Maslennikov, N.A. Gavrilyuk, A.A. Zavoykin (eds.), Grecheskiye i varvarskiye pamyatniki Severnogo Prichernomor’ya. Opyt metodiki rossiyskikh i ukrainskikh polevykh issledovaniy [Greek and Barbarian Sites of the Northern Black Sea Region. Experience of Methodology of Russian and Ukrainian Field Studies] (Metodika polevykh arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy [Methodology of field archaeological research] 4). Moscow, 117–130.
Kuznetsov, V.D. 2022: Otchet ob arkheologicheskikh raskopkakh Fanagoriyskoy ekspeditsii Instituta arkheologii RAN v Fanagorii v 2021 g. (Krasnodarskiy kray, Temryukskiy rayon, pos. Sennoy) v 4 tomakh (Otkrytyy list №0948-2021 ot 15.06.2021 g.) [Report on the Archaeological Excavations by the Phanagorian Missian of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences at Phanagoria in 2021 (Krasnodar Territory, Temryuk district, village of Sennoy) (License No. 0948-2021 of 06/15/2021)], vols 1–4. Moscow, 2022.
Monakhov, S.Yu. 2003: Grecheskie amfory v Prichernomor’e: Tipologiya amfor vedushchikh tsentrov-eksporterov tovarov v keram. tare: Katalog-opredelitel’ [Greek Αmphorae in the Black Sea Region: Typology of Amphorae of the Leading Centers-Exporters of Products in Ceramic Containers: Catalogue]. Moscow–Saratov.
Monakhov, S.Yu., Kuznetsova, E.V., Tolstikov, V.P., Churekova, N.B. 2020: Amfory VI–I vv. do n.e. iz sobraniya Gosudarstvennogo muzeya izobrazitel’nykh iskusstv im. A.S. Pushkina [The Sixth–First Centuries BC Amphorae in the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts. Saratov. Roberts, S.R. 1986: The Stoa Gutter Well. A Late Archaic Deposit from a Well in the Athenian Agora. Hesperia 55/1, 1–74.
Zavoykin, A.A. 2014: Amfory “Samos/Milet” v Fanagorii: nekotoryye problemy khronologii [Amphorae of the type ‘Samos/Miletus’ in Phanagoria: some problems of chronology]. In: V.N. Zinko (ed.), Bospor Kimmeriyskiy i varvarskiy mir v period antichnosti i srednevekov’ya. Aktual’nyye problemy khronologii [The Cimmerian Bosporus and Barbarian World in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Actual Problems of Chronology] (XV Bosporskie chteniya [Bosporan Readings]). Kerch, 160–167.
Zavoykin, A.A. 2018. Amfornyye materialy iz drevneyshego sloya Fanagorii [Amphoric finds from the oldest layer of Phanagoria]. Kratkiye soobshcheniya Instituta arkherologii RAN [Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology] 252, 138–152.
Zavoykin, A.A., Chashuk, M.S. 2023: Pozdnearkhaicheskaya yama na «Verkhnem gorode» Fanagorii. (Materialy k datirovke drevneyshey zastroyki) [Late archaic pit on the “Upper City” of Phanagoria. (Materials for the dating of the most ancient buildings)]. Kratkiye soobshcheniya Instituta arkherologii RAN [Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology] 271, 69–84.
Zavoykin, A.A., Kuznetsov, V.D. 2019: Zametki o vtorichnom ispol’zovanii amfor v Fanagorii arkhaicheskogo vremeni [Notes on the secondary use of amphorae in the Phanagoria in the Archaic Period]. Hypanis 1, 73–97.
Zavoykin, A.A., Pavlichenko, N.A., Chashuk, M.S. 2022: Yeshche odin podval na akropole Fanagorii (voprosy khronologii) [Another cellar on the acropolis of Phanagoria (problem of chronology)]. In: In: A.P. Medvedev (ed.), “Ot Kavkaza do Dunaya”: Severnoe Prichernomor’e v antichnuyu epokhu. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov v chest’ 70-letiya S.Yu. Monakhova [“From the Caucasus to the Danube”: The Northern Black Sea Region in Antiquity. Studies Presented to S.Yu. Monakhov on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday]. Saratov, 180–198.
- Details
- Hits: 295
Abstract
This is the first publication of two unique finds from the acropolis of Panticapaeum: a lip fragment of a black-figure kylix with a dedicatory graffito to Ergana and a terracotta figurine depicting the goddess. Until the discovery of these two artifacts, the cult of Athena Ergana has been attested neither in the North Pontic Area, nor in Panticapaeum. Written sources testify to the presence of the cult of Athena Ergana in such important cult centers of Hellas as Delos, Epidaurus, and Delphi, while the data of fine arts, primarily terracotta figurines, expand the known area of the cult of Ergana to Eastern Greece (Asia Minor, Rhodes) and Sicily, and now to Bosporus. The authors collect and analyze the recorded epigraphic, archaeological, and iconographic evidence for the cult of Athena Ergana in various parts of the Oikumene. The appearance of the Panticapaeum dedication to Athena with Ergana confirms the independent existence of this epithet already in the 6th – early 5th centuries BC, not only in mainland Greece (Delphi), but also on the periphery of the Greek world. The dedicatory graffito and a terracotta depicting a goddess from Panticapaeum inspired authors to re-evaluate the significance and role of the cult of Athena in Bosporus in the Late Archaic and Early Classical periods.
Keywords
Northern Black Sea, Cimmerian Bosporus, Panticapaeum, Athena Ergana, Athena Polias, cult, dedicatory graffito, terracotta figurine.
Agafonov, А., Samar, O. 2021: Concerning Athenian black-figure vases from Panticapaeum. In: G.R. Tsetskhladze, A. Avram, J. Hargrave (eds.), The Greeks and Romans in the Black Sea and the Importance of the Pontic Region for the Graeco-Roman World (7th century BC–5th century AD): 20 Years On (1997–2017). Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Black Sea Antiquities (Constanţa – 18–22 September 2017). Oxford, 511–523.
Allegro, N., Consoli, V. 2020: L’Athena di Himera: la documentazione archeologica e le fonti letterarie. In: L. Grasso, F. Caruso, R. Gigli Patanè (eds.), SIKELIKA HIERA. Approcci multidisciplinari allo studio del sacro nella Sicilia greca. Catania, 283–297.
Beazley, J.D. 1939: La raccolta Benedetto Guglielmi nel Museo Gregoriano Etrusco. Pt. I. Ceramica (Monumenti Vaticani di Archeologia e d’Arte. Vol. V). Città del Vaticano (Roma).
Bérard, C. 1976: Le liknon d’Athéna: Sur un aspect de la procession des Chalkeia et en prolégomènes à une histoire de la vannerie grecque. Antike Kunst 19, 101–114.
Bessonova, S.S. 1975: Zobrazhenn’ya Afiny za materialami Pivnichnogo Prichernomor’a [Depictions of Athena according to the materials from the North Pontic Area]. Arkheologija [Archaeology] 17, 23–38.
Безсонова, С.С. 1975: Зображення Афіни за матеріалами Північного Причорномор’я. Археологія 17, 23–38.
Blinkenberg, Chr. 1917: L’Image d’Athana Lindia. København.
Blinkenberg, Chr. 1931: Lindos. Fouilles de l’Acropole 1902–1914. Pt. I. Les Petits Objets. Berlin.
Bloesch, H.1940: Formen attischer Schalen von Exekias bis zum Ende des Strengen Stils. Berne.
Brashinskiy, I.B. 1963: Afiny i Severnoe Prichenomor’e v VI –II vv. do n.e. [Athens and the North Pontic Area in the 6th – 2nd centuries BC]. Moscow.
Брашинский, И.Б. 1963: Афины и Северное Причерноморье в VI – II вв. до н.э. М.
Brøns, C. 2017: Gods and Garments. Textiles in Greek Sanctuaries in the 7th to the 1st Centuries BC. Oxford–Philadelphia.
Burkert, W. 1985: Greek Religion. Transl. by J. Raff an. Cambridge.
Consoli, V. 2004: Atena Ergane. Sorgere di un culto sull’acropoli di Atene. ASAA LXXXII (Serie III.4.I), 31–60.
Consoli, V. 2010: Elmo, fuso e conocchia. Per un’iconografia di Atena Ergane. EIDOLA. International Journal of Classical History VII, 9–28.
Consoli, V. 2018: Atena Ergane e il Santuario del Quartiere Est a Himera. In: B. Sciaramenti (ed.), Immagini dei Greci, immagini dai Greci. Perugia, 11–52.
Di Vita, A. 1952–54: Atena Ergane in una terracotta dalla Sicilia ed il culto della dea in Atene. ASAA 30–32, 141–154.
Dörpfeld, W. 1889: Chalkothek und Ergane-Tempel. AM XIV, 304–313.
Evelyn-White, H.G. 2008: Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns, and Homerica (Project Gutenberg [EBook #348]).
Franssen, J. 2011: Votiv und Repräsentation: statuarische Weihungen archaischer Zeit aus Attika und Samos. Heidelberg.
Furtwängler A.E. 1885: Beschreibung der Berliner Vasensammmlung im Antiquarium I. Berlin.
Guarducci, M. 1967: L’Epigrafia Greca. I. Caratteri e storia della disciplina. La scrittura greca dalle origini all’età imperiale. Roma.
Giovagnorio, F. 2018: Atena Ergane sull’Acropoli di Atene. Analisi delle testimonianze epigrafi che. In: F. Camia, L. Del Monaco, M. Nocita (eds.), Munus Laetitiae. Studi Miscellanei off erti a Maria Letizia Lazzarini. Vol. I–II. Roma, 43–59.
Harrison, E.B. 1977: Alkamenes’ Sculptures for the Hephaisteion: Pt. I. The Cult Statues. AJA 81.2, 137–178.
Heinrich, F. 2006: Das Epinetron: Aspekte der weiblichen Lebenswelt im Spiegel eines Arbeitsgeräts. Rahden.
Holtzmann, B. 2003: L’Acropole d’Athènes: monuments, cultes et histoire du sanctuaire d’Athèna Polias. Paris.
Homolle, Th. 1901: Les derniers fouilles de Delphes. Le temple d’Athéna Pronaia. La Revue de l’Art II, 361–377.
Hurwit, J.M. 2004: The Acropolis in the Age of Pericles. Cambridge.
Jessen, O. 1907: s.v. Ergane. In: RE VI, 428–429.
Karanika, A. 2001: Poetic Discourse in Athena’s Cult Practices. In: S. Deacy, A. Villing (eds.), Athena in the Classical World. Leiden, 277–291.
Korres, M. 1997: Die Athena-Tempel auf der Acropolis. In W. Hoepfner (Hrsg.), Kult und Kultbauten auf der Akropolis: internationales symposion vom 7.–9.7.1995. Berlin, 218–243.
Meyer, M. 2017: Athena, Göttin von Athen: Kult und Mythos auf der Akropolis bis in klassische Zeit. Wien
Müller, J.M. 2010: ’…weihte es der Athena’. Basen von Weihgeschenken für Athena auf der nachklassischen Akropolis. In: R. Krumeich, Ch. Witschel (Hrsg.), Die Akropolis von Athen im Hellenismus und in der römischen Kaiserzeit. Wiesbaden, 157–217.
Muratova, M.B, Ilyina, T.A., Yu.N. Shorunova. 2017: Religiya i kul’ty v Pantikapee i Fanagorii [Religion and Cults in Panticapaeum and Phanagoria]. In: V.D. Kuznetsov, V.P. Tolstikov (eds.), Pantikapey i Fanagoriya. Dve stolitsy Bosporskogo tsarstva: katalog vystavki [Panticapaeum and Phanagoria. Two Capitals of the Bosporan Kingdom: Exhibition Catalogue]. Moscow, 85–96.
Муратова, М.Б., Ильина, Т.А., Ю.Н. Шорунова. 2017: Религия и культы в Пантикапее и Фанагории. В сб.: В.Д. Кузнецов, В.П. Толстиков (ред.), Пантикапей и Фанагория. Две столицы Боспорского царства: каталог выставки. М., 85–96.
Namoylik, A.S. 2018: Graffiti na keramicheskikh izdeliyakh iz Nimfeya kak istochnik po istorii bosporskogo goroda (po materialam iz sobraniya Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha) [Graffiti on the ceramics from Nymphaion as a source for the study of history of a Bosporan city (based on the materials from the State Hermitage)]. PhD Thesis. Saint Petersburg.
Намойлик, А. С. 2018: Граффити на керамических изделиях из Нимфея как источник по истории боспорского города (по материалам из собрания Государственного Эрмитажа): дисс. … канд. ист. наук. СПб.
Osanna, M. 2001: Pausania sull’Acropoli. Tra l’Ahena di Endoios e l’agalma caduto dal cielo. MEFRA 113, 321–340.
O’Sullivan, P. 2005: Pindar and the Statues of Rhodes. The Classical Quarterly 55.1, 96–104.
Perdrizet, P. 1903. Ἀθανᾷ Ϝαργάνᾳ – De quelques monuments figurés du culte d’Athéna Ergané. In: Mélanges Perrot. Recueil de mémoires concernant l’archéologie classique, la littérature et l’histoire anciennes. Paris, 259–267.
Pearson, A.C. (ed.) 1917: Fragments of Sophocles. 3 vols. Cambridge.
Pisani, M. 2008: Camarina. Le terrecotte figurate e la ceramica da una furnace di V e IV secolo A.C. Roma.
Poulsen, F. 1908: Recherches sur quelques questions relatives à la topographie de Delphes. Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs forhandlinger 6, 331–425.
Raubitschek, A.E. 1949: Dedications from the Athenian Akropolis: A Catalogue of the Inscriptions of the Sixth and Fifth Centuries B.C. Cambridge.
Ridgway, B.S. 1992: Images of Athena on the Acropolis. In: J. Neils (ed.), Goddess and Polis. The Panathenaic Festival in Ancient Athens. Hanover–Princeton, 119–142.
Roebuck, C. 1940: Pottery from the North Slope of the Acropolis, 1937–1938. Hesperia 9.2, 141–260.
Rusyaeva, A.S. 2005: Religiya pontijskikh grekov v antichnuyu epokhu. Mify. Svyatilishcha. Kul’ty olimpiyskikh bogov i geroev [Religion of the Pontic Greeks in Antiquity. Myths. Sanctuaries. Cults of the Olympian Gods and Heroes]. Kiev.
Русяева, А. С. 2005: Религия понтийских эллинов в античную эпоху. Мифы. Святилища. Культы олимпийских богов и героев. Киев.
Rusyaeva, A.S. 2010: Graffiti Ol’vii Pontijskoj [Graffiti from Olbia Pontica]. Simferopol.
Русяева, А.С. 2010: Граффити Ольвии Понтийской. Симферополь.
Samar, O.Yu. 2017: Atticheskaya raspisnaya keramika arkhaicheskogo perioda iz raskopok Pantikapeya 1945–2017 godov [Attic painted ceramics of the Archaic period from the excavations at Panticapaeum in 1945–2017]. In: V.P. Tolstikov (ed.), Drevneyshiy Pantikapey. Ot apoikii k gorodu [Ancient Panticapaeum. From Apoikia to a City]. Moscow, 163–198.
Самар, О.Ю. 2017: Аттическая расписная керамика архаического периода из раскопок Пантикапея 1945–2017 годов. В сб.: В.П. Толстиков (ред.)., Древнейший Пантикапей. От апойкии к городу. М., 163–198.
Santi, F. 2010: I frontoni arcaici dell’Acropoli di Atene. Roma.
Schmidt, R. 2010: Mädchen im Heiligtum. Die Arrhephoren auf der Akropolis im Hellenismus und in der Kaiserzeit. In: R. Krumeich, Ch. Witschel (Hrsg.), Die Akropolis von Athen im Hellenismus und in der römischen Kaiserzeit. Wiesbaden, 219–231.
Scholl, A. 2010: ’Es sind da auch alte Athena-Statuen…’ Pausanias und die vorpersischen Akropolisvotive. In: R. Krumeich, Ch. Witschel (Hrsg.), Die Akropolis von Athen im Hellenismus und in der römischen Kaiserzeit. Wiesbaden, 251–269.
Schreiber, T. 1999: Athenian Vase Construction: A Potter’s Analysis. Malibu.
Schultze, B. 2004: Die Votivtafeln der archaischen und klassischen Zeit von der Athener Akropolis. Möhnesee.
Schwyzer, E. 1960: Inscriptionum Graecarum exempla epigraphica potiora. Hildesheim.
Serghidou, A. 2001: Athena Salpinx and the Ethics of Music. In: S. Deacy, A. Villing (eds.), Athena in the Classical World. Leiden, 57–74.
Shaub, I.Yu. 2007: Mif, kul’t, ritual v Severnom Prichernomor’e VII–IV vv. do n.e. [Myth, Cult, and Ritual in the North Pontic Area of the 7th – 4th centuries BC]. Saint Petersburg.
Шауб, И.Ю. 2007: Миф, культ, ритуал в Северном Причерноморье VII–IV вв. до н.э. СПб.
Simon, E. 1983: Festivals of Attica: An Archaeological Commentary. Madison–Wis.
Stucchi, S. 1956: Una recente terracotta siciliana di Atena Ergane ed una proposta intorno all’Atena detta di Endoios. RM 63, 122–128.
Suk Fong Jim, Th. 2014: Sharing with the Gods. Aparchai and Dekatai in Ancient Greece. Oxford.
Tosto, V. 1999: The Black-Figure Pottery Signed Nikosthenes Epoiesen (Allard Pierson Series 11). Amsterdam.
Tugusheva, O.V. 2017: Vostohnogreheskaya keramika iz raskopok Pantikapeya 1945–2017 godov. Obshchaya kharakteristika [East Greek ceramics from the excavations at Panticapaeum in 1945–2017]. In: V.P. Tolstikov (ed.), Drevneyshiy Pantikapey. Ot apoikii k gorodu [Ancient Panticapaeum. From Apoikia to a City]. Moscow, 94–140.
Тугушева, О.В. 2017: Восточногреческая керамика из раскопок Пантикапея 1945 – 2017 годов. Общая характеристика. В сб.: В.П. Толстиков (ред.)., Древнейший Пантикапей. От апойкии к городу. М., 94–140.
Ulrichs, H.N. 1863: Reisen und Forschungen in Griechenland. Bd 2. Topographische und archäologische Abhandlungen. Berlin.
Ure, P.N. (ed.) 1927: Sixth and Fifth Century Pottery from Rhitsona. London–Milford.
Villing, A. 1998: Athena as Ergane and Promachos: the iconography of Athena in Archaic East Greece. In: N. Fisher, H. van Wees (eds.), Archaic Greece: New Approaches and New Evidence. London–Swansea, 147–168.
Vinogradov, Yu. G. 1974: Prochus Miniidy iz Pantikapeya [Prochus of Miniis from Panticapaeum]. Vestnik drevnej istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 4, 56–67.
Виноградов, Ю.Г. 1974: Прохус Минииды из Пантикапея. ВДИ 4, 56–67.
Vlassopoulou, Chr. 2003: Attikoi anaglyphoi pinakes tēs archaikēs epochēs. Athēna.
Wagner, C. 2001: The Worship of Athena on the Athenian Acropolis: Dedications of Plaques and Plates. In: S. Deacy, A. Villing (eds.), Athena in the Classical World. Leiden, 95–104.
Yaylenko, V.P. 2018: Istoriografiya i metodika raboty s drevnegrecheskimi graffiti [Historiography and methods of working with the ancient Greek graffiti]. Materialy po arkheologii i istorii antichnogo i srednevekovogo Kryma [Materials on Archaeology and History of Ancient and Medieval Crimea] 10, 479–520.
Яйленко, В.П. 2018: Историография и методика работы с древнегреческими граффити. МАИАСК 10, 479–520.
- Details
- Hits: 303
Abstract
The author compares the results of the analysis of the latest materials with those obtained earlier in the course of many years of work by the Bosporan (Panticapaean) Archaeological Mission of the Pushkin Museum at the New Upper Mithridates (NUM) excavation site located on the acropolis of Panticapaeum, as well as at the Central (N) and Central-Northern (SN) sites on the territory of the Western Plateau. An analysis of the state of construction objects on the northwestern outskirts of the NUM, as well as the features of their reconstructions, indicates that their main goal was to revive the line of fortifications along a significant segment of the route of the early defensive wall, which was destroyed approximately in the middle of the 6th century BC and did not restore. The monumental multi-chamber complex MK D-11, erected on a rocky foundation, served as a fortification. The revealed collapses of its outer wall, traces of a fire in the room, numerous arrowheads of the Scythian type in the collapses of the adobe masonry of the wall indicate that the hastily fortified acropolis of Panticapaeum, which previously had no walls (!), was attacked by the Royal Scythians between 480 and 475 BC. Previously, it was assumed that after the destruction of the community center on the Western Plateau by the nomads, it was fortified and turned into a defensive foothold. The main part of the inhabitants took refuge on the Upper Plateau, where the urban temenos with the temple of Apollo was located. Today, there is reason to believe that the finds of “Scythian animal style” items in the layers of the first half of the 5th century BC on the acropolis of Panticapaeum indicate that the Scythians gained access to the territory of Panticapaean acropolis and the temenos. The hypothesis of symmachy led by Panticapaeum is hardly relevant.
Keywords
Panticapaeum, acropolis, Upper Plateau, Western Plateau, multi-chamber complex, fortifications, temenos, Bosporan symmachy, the Royal Scythians, “Scythian animal style” items, sphagion.
Agafonov, A., Samar, O. 2021: Concerning Athenian black-figure vases from Panticapaeum. In: G.R. Tsetskhladze, A. Avram, J. Hargrave (eds.), The Greeks and Romans in the Black Sea and the Importance of the Pontic Region for the Graeco-Roman World (7th century BC–5th century AD): 20 Years On (1997–2017). Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Black Sea Antiquities (Constanţa – 18–22 September 2017). Oxford, 520–522.
Andrukh, S.I. 1999: Nizhnedunajskaya Skifiya v VI – nachale I v. do n.e. (Etno-politicheskiy aspekt). [The Lower Danube Scythia in the 6th – Beginning of the 1st Century BC (Ethnopolitical Aspect)]. Zaporozhe.
Dirschedl, U. 2013: Die griechischen Säulenbasen (Archäologische Forschungen 28). Wiesbaden. From the History of Panticapaeum in the Early Classical Period]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 18, 452–504.
Kantorovich, A.R., Tolstikov, V.P., Shkurova, M.V. 2019: Izdeliya iz Pantikapeya, oformlennye v skifskom zverinom stile (K voprosu o greko-skifskikh vzaimodejstviyakh) [Artifacts from Panticapaeum decorated in the Scythian animal style (on the problem of the Greek-Scythian interactions)]. Kratkie soobshcheniya Instituta arkheologii [Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology] 255, 7–31.
Kolotukhin, V.A. 2000: Kimmeriytsy i skify Stepnogo Kryma [The Cimmerians and Scythians of Steppe Crimea]. Simferopol.
Kovalenko, S.A., Tolstikov V.P. 2010: II. O nachale monetnoy chekanki na Bospore [On the Beginning of Coinage оn the Bosporus]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 4, 23–50.
Kuznetsov, V.D. 2018: Domostroitelstvo Severnogo Ponta (epokha arkhaiki) [Dwelling building in the Northern Potnic region (the Archaic period)]. In: V.D. Kuznetsov, A.A. Zavoykin (eds.), Materialy po arkheologii i istorii Fanagorii [Materials on the Archaeology and History of Phanagoria] 4 (Fanagoriya [Phanagoria] 7). Moscow, 117–135.
Marchenko, I.D. 1984: Raskopki Pantikapeya v 1965–1972 godakh. [Excavations at Panticapaeum in 1965–1972]. In: Soobshcheniya Gosudarstvennogo muzeya izobrazitelnykh iskusstv im. A.S. Pushkina [Transactions of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts] 7. Moscow, 3–27.
Melyukova, A.I. 1964: Vooruzhenie skifov [Armament of the Scythians] (Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov [Corpus of Archaeological Sources] D1–4). Moscow.
Shelov-Kovedyaev, F.V. 1985: Istoriya Bospora v VI–IV vv. do n.e. [The history of Bosporus in the 6th – 4th centuries BC]. In: A.P. Novoseltsev (ed.), Drevneyschie gosudarstva na territorii SSSR. Materialy i Issledovaniya. 1984 [The Most Ancient States on the Territory of USSR. Materials and Studies. 1984]. Moscow, 5–187.
Shelov-Kovedyaev, F.V. 2019a: “… Vladyke Pantikapeya” [To the Lord of Panticapaeum]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 24, 613–617.
Shelov-Kovediyaev, F.V. 2019b: Apollon ΙΗΤΡΟΣ i Artemida Pifijskaya. O dvukh kul’takh miletskikh apoykiy Prichernomor’ya [Apollo ΙΝΤΡΟΣ and Artemis Pythia. Two cults of Milesian apoikiai in the Black Sea]. Materialy po arkheologii Severnogo Prichernomor’ya [Materials on the Archaeology of the Northern Black Sea Region] 14, 216–225.
Shelov-Kovedyaev, F.V., Tolstikov, V.P. 2014: Bospor v pervoy chetverti V v. do R. KH. K istorii Pantikapeya nachala epokhi klassiki [Bosporus in the first quarter of the 5th century BC. On the history of Panticapaeum at the beginning of the Classical Period]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 18, 452–504.
Tolstikov, V.P. 1984: K probleme obrazovaniya Bosporskogo gosudarstva (Opyt rekonstruktsii voenno-politicheskoy situatsii na Bospore v kontse VI – pervoy polovine V v. do n.e.) [On the problem of the Bosporan State’s formation (Experience of reconstruction of the military- political situation on the Bosporus at the end of the VI – first half V centuries B.C.)]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 3, 24–48.
Tolstikov, V.P. 2015: Novye materialy k izucheniyu drevneyshey istorii Pantikapeya: o vremeni osnovaniya apoykii i k lokalizatsii rannego temenosa [New materials for the study of the ancient history of Panticapaeum: regarding the time of the foundation of apoikia and the localization of the early temenos]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 1 (47), 261–281.
Tolstikov, V.P. 2017: Ocherk gradostroitel’noy istorii tsentral’nogo rayona Pantikapeya v kontse 7 – seredine 5 v. do n.e. [Essay on the urban history of the central area of Panticapaeum in late 7th – mid-5th century BC]. In: V.P. Tolstikov (ed.), Drevneyshiy Pantikapey. Ot apoikii k gorodu [Ancient Panticapaeum. From Apoikia to a City]. Moscow, 10–42.
Tolstikov, V.P., Muratova M.B. 2013: K probleme prostranstvennogo razvitiya pantikapeyskoy apoykii v pervoi polovine VI – pervoy polovine V v. do n. e. [Regarding the spatial development of the apoikia of Panticapaeum in the first half of the 6th – first half of the 5th century BC]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 1, 176–193.
Tolstikov, V.P., Zhuravlev, D.V., Lomtadze, G.A. 2003: Mnogokamernye stroitel’nye kompleksy v sisteme zastroyki akropolya Pantikapeya VI–V vekov do n. e. [Multichamber building complexes in the system of building akropolis of Panticapaeum in the VI – V centuries B.C.]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 6, 307–350.
Tolstikov, V.P., Zhuravlev, D.V., Lomtadze, G.A. 2004. Novye materialy k khronologii i istorii rannego Pantikapeya [New data on chronology and history of the early Panticapaeum]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 7, 344–365.
Vakhtina, M.Yu., Vinogradov, Yu.A. 2001: Eshche raz o ranney fortifikatsii Bospora Kimmeriyskogo [Once again about the early fortification of the Cimmerian Bosporus]. Bosporskiy fenomen: kolonizatsiya regiona. Formirovanie polisov. Obrazovanie gosudarstva [Bosporan phenomenon: Colonization of the Region. Formation of Poleis. Formation of the State]. Pt. 1. Saint Petersburg, 41–45.
Vinogradov, Ju.G. 1980: Die historische Entwicklung der Polis der nördlichen Schwarzmeergebietes im 5. Jh. v.Chr. Chiron 10, 63–100.
Vinogradov, Yu.A. 2002: Osobennosti i istoricheskoe znachenie ob’edineniya Arkheanaktidov na Bospore Kimmeriyskom [Features and historical significance of the association of Archaeanactids on the Cimmerian Bosporus]. In: Antichnoe gosudarstvo: politicheskie otnosheniya i gosudarstvennye formy v antichnom mire [Ancient State. Political Relations and State Forms in the Ancient World]. Saint Petersburg, 183–196.
Vinogradov, Yu.A. 2006: Bospor Kimmeriyskiy: osnovnye etapy istorii v dorimskuyu epokhu. [Cimmerian Bosporus: the main stages of history in the pre-Roman period]. In: S.L. Solovyev (ed.), Greki i varvary na Bospore Kimmeriyskom VII–I vv. do n. e. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii. Taman’ (Rossiya). Oktyabr’ 2000 [Greeks and Barbarians in the Cimmerian Bosporus in the 7th – 1st centuries BC. Materials of the International Scientific Conference. Taman (Russia). October 2000]. Saint Petersburg, 36–43.
Vinogradov, Yu.G. 1983: Polis v Severnom Prichernomor’e [Polis in the Northern Black Sea region]. In: E.S. Golubtsova (ed.), Antichnaya Gretsiya [Ancient Greece]. Vol. 1. Moscow, 394–420.
Zavoykin, A.A., Sudarev, N.I. 2006a: Pogrebeniya s oruzhiem VI–V vv. do n.e. kak istochnik po politicheskoy i voennoy istorii Bospora. Ch. I [Burials with weapons of the 6th – 5th centuries BC as a source on the political and military history of the Bosporus. Pt. I]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 9, 101–151.
Zavoykin, A.A., Sudarev N.I. 2006b: Pogrebeniya s oruzhiem VI–V vv. do n.e. kak istochnik po politicheskoy i voennoy istorii Bospora. Ch. II [Burials with weapons of the 6th – 5th centuries BC as a source on the political and military history of the Bosporus. Pt. II]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 10, 263–303.
Zhuravlev, D.V., Batasova, A.V., Shlotsauer, U. 2019: Oboronitel’nyy rov poseleniya Golubitskaya 2 [Defensive moat of the settlement Golubitskaya 2]. In: V.N. Zinko (ed.), Bospor Kimmeriyskiy i varvarskiy mir v period antichnosti i srednevekov’ya. Osnovnye itogi i perspektivy issledovaniya [The Cimmerian Bosporus and Barbarian world in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Main Results and Prospects of Research] (XX Bosporskie chteniya [Bosporan Readings]). Simferopol–Kerch, 183–192.
Zubar, V.M. 2003: Nekotorye aspekty istorii Severo-Zapadnoy Tavriki v kontse VI – na rubezhe IV–III vv. do n. e. [Some aspects of North-Western Taurica’s history at the end of the 6th – 3rd century BC]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] XIII, 45–70.
- Details
- Hits: 295