Abstract
Based on archaeological and epigraphic materials, the author makes an assumption about the polis status of the settlement on Cape Zyuk (the Crimean Sea of Azov) and characterizes this site as a “frozen” form of the original apoikia. Then, the initial chronology of most of the “small” Bosporan cities is considered, also with the involvement of new material. A special attention is drawn to the correlation of currently accepted dating of the main categories of mass archaeological material (amphorae and dishes), taking into account the fact that amphorae tend to have a shorter service life. As a result, it is possible to postulate at least four stages (“waves”) of the local colonization process, more or less synchronous with the historical events known to us in the centers of the metropolis at the end of the 7th – beginning of the 5th century BC, which has long been assumed in the fundamental works of V.D. Blavatsky, G.A. Koshelenko and V.D. Kuznetsov. On the basis of this, as well as the specific situation in the region of the Cimmerian Bosporus and the demographic possibilities of the Greek apoikiai-poleis that arose here, the author refuses the idea on the so-called internal colonization that at that time. In addition, attention is once again drawn to the fact that the process of development by the Hellenes of the spaces of the future Bosporan state proceeded diff erently in its Asiatic and European parts. In the first case, it initially took place in the form of the withdrawal of a large number of small apoikiai, most of which, mainly not on the coast, later, for a number of reasons, could not move to the next stage – urban-type settlements.
Keywords
Cimmerian Bosporus, archaeology and written sources, colonization, emporia, apoikiai, small towns, rural settlements, polis status, dating problems, chronology, colonies and metropolises, “internal” colonization.
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