Abstract
The paper is a chronological study of one of Archaic house recovered in the ‘Upper City’ of Phanagoria. The house is located at the crossroads of two main streets, which determined the planning structure of this area of the city since ancient times. The author focuses on amphorae, which were used in this house for various purposes. Along the inner wall of one of the rooms (No. 2), six vessels are lined up in a row, which were used for domestic purposes. Five amphorae came from the Ionian centers of production (so-called ‘proto-Thasian’), and one is from Lesbos (red clay). They were used to store liquid or bulk products. Necks and top parts of two Chian amphorae are also placed vertically, but upside down, rim down. They were used as ‘hearths’ or ‘furnace’ for household or craft purposes. The neck of one amphora, located in the southeast corner of the same room, dates back to the third quarter of the 6th century BC. The upper twothirds of another amphora was found near a wall in next room (No. 3). It was plastered with clay; therefore, it was used as a stationary oven. This amphora is a variant of the earliest ‘swollenneck’ type, which date back to ca. 525–490/480 BC. These amphorae are especially important to determine the time of the construction, life and destruction of the house. It is they that provide reliable terminus post / terminus ante quem and allow us to justify the place of this architectural complex in the planning of this area of urban development of the earlier period. Taking into account the dating of the finds from the pit, which preceded the construction of this house, its construction should be attributed no later than to the turn of the first and second decades of the life of Phanagoria (ca. 535/530 BC), and the termination of its life – in within the last two decades of the 5th century BC.
Keywords
Phanagoria, Upper City, Archaic Period, house, amphorae, stratigraphy, chronology, periodization.
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