Abstract
The discovery of two impost Ionic capitals in Phanagoria is of particular importance, since these are the first material evidence of the existence of an early Byzantine cult structure in the city. The article considers the question of the origin of this type of capitals, analyzes the problems of their typology and chronology. The place and the date of manufacture of the Phanagorian samples are determined, and a distribution area of similar ones is outlined. The finding of one of the capitals near the synagogue uncovered in the summer of 2023 suggests that the capitals belong to the architectural decoration of the synagogue, which testifies to a significant reconstruction of the synagogue itself or more probable of the complex of its premises in the second half of the 5th – early 6th centuries or to be more exact to the late 5th - early 6th centuries, i.e. when the Bosporus was already in the sphere of infl uence of the Byzantine Empire, which had laws aimed at restricting the rights of the Jews. All these circumstances necessitated the detailed examination of the status of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire and the situation in the north-eastern Black Sea region. The question of the mutual location of the Christian church and the synagogue in the city structure is considered.
Keywords
Byzantine Empire, 5th – 6th centuries, Northeastern Black Sea region, basilica, synagogue, marble architectural details.
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