Abstract
This article examines the genesis of gold “luxurious style” earrings. An early group of earrings with bezels in the shape of contour rosettes and shell-shaped pendants dates to the late 5th century BC and became widespread in Greece and Macedonia. These earrings were the predecessors of the so-called luxurious style earrings, or Bootsohrgehänge mit Schmuckscheiben, which became particularly widespread, primarily in the Bosporus and Asia Minor from the middle to third quarter of the 4th century BC. Their main elements are a round disk, a boat-shaped part with pendants on chains, and the space between the disk and the curve of the boat-shaped part is decorated with embossed relief or a composition of miniature fi gurines.
Our analysis shows that it is necessary not only to exclude the dating of the earrings to the 3rd century. BC, but also those to the last quarter (last decades) of the 4th century BC can also be questioned, significantly narrowing the time of the earrings’ manufacture from the middle to the third quarter of the 4th century BC, or ca. 360/355–330/320 BC. The chronological schemes proposed by both M. Pfrommer and I.I. Saverkina, based on the progressive changes in the decoration of the disks and pendants, are untenable.
Various points of view have been expressed regarding the place of manufacture of these earrings: Athens, Asia Minor, North Greece, and the Cimmerian Bosporus. Some earrings have also been considered the work of a jeweller from South Italy, who moved to Chersonesus. The production of “luxurious style” earrings in Asia Minor and the North Pontic region is highly probable, but other regions, primarily South Italy, cannot be ruled out. One should note the obvious connection between the “luxurious style” earrings and necklaces in the form of braids with seed-shaped pendants in the shape of multi-tiered garlands, which were often found alongside them, forming sets: in four cases with a known provenance (Bolshaya Bliznitsa, vault no. 1 and stone tomb no. 4; Theodosia, Maditus). Necklaces in the form of braids, but with pendants in the shape of beechnuts in a single row, were found alongside earrings in Chersonesus and Derveni. It is noteworthy that only the earrings from Theodosia contain beechnut-shaped elements among the pendants. In general, the earrings in question and the two groups of necklaces mentioned above make up the bulk of the “luxurious style” jewellery.
Keywords
North Pontic region, Bosporus, Chersonesus, Asia Minor, Macedonia, South Italy, jewellery of the late 5th – 4th centuries BC, earrings, necklaces, temple pendants, “luxurios style”.
Mikhail Yu. Treister
Independent Researcher, Bonn, Germany
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
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