Abstract
The paper discusses 137 coins retrieved during 2023–2024 excavations at the ancient “Verkhneye Dzhemete 1 Estate” located on the territory of Anapa, 350 m south of the southern outskirts of the village of Verkhneye Dzhemete, on the northern shore of Lake Chemburskoye. The coins constitute a reliable numismatic profile of the region, and also refl ect the various periods of tension in the life of the settlement. Generally, the numismatic material covers the timespan from the 4th century BC to the first quarter of the 1st century BC. The greatest intensity of life, judging by the numismatic material, falls on the end of the 4th to the mid-3rd century BC. 82 coins have come down from this time. Then the decline lasted in the second half of the 3rd to the 2nd and 1st centuries BC: two coins came from the end of the 3rd century BC, while 50 coins are dated to the 2nd century BC. Six coins date from the reign of Mithridates VI (Panticapaeum – 5, Sinope – 1). Thus, numismatic materials clarify the phases of the functioning of the “Verkhneye Dzhemete 1 Estate”, life on which apparently ceased at the 80‒70s BC.
Keywords
Cimmerian Bosporus, chora of Gorgippia, ancient settlement of “Verkhneye Dzhemete 1 Estate”, excavation coins, currency.
Abramzon, M.G., Barinov, D.G., Kolesnikov, A.B. 2023: Monety iz raskopok antichnogo poseleniya Chekups-2 (2018–2019 gg.) [Coins from 2018–2019 Excavations at the Settlement of Chekups 2 (The Krasnodar Region)]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 3, 197–217.
Abramzon, M.G., Karpov, D.A., Kolesnikov, A.B. 2021: Monety iz raskopok antichnogo poseleniya Vyshesteblievskaya 3 v 2017‒2018 gg. [Excavation Coins from the Ancient Settlement of Vyshesteblievskaya 3 in 2017–2018]. In: ΧΧΙΙ Bosporskie chteniya. Bospor Kimmeriyskiy i varvarskiy mir v period antichnosti i srednevekov’ya. Novye otkrytiya, novye proekty. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii [Bosporan Readings. The Cimmerian Bosporus and Barbarian World in the Period of Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Recent Discoveries, New Projects. Materials of the International Conference]). Simferopol–Kerch, 10–17.
Abramzon, M.G., Kolesnikov, A.B. 2024: Excavation Coins from the Ancient Settlement near the Stanitsa of Starotitarovskaya. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 2, 145–158.
Abramzon, M.G., Sudarev, N.I., Surkov, A.V. 2024: Monety iz raskopok antichnogo poseleniya «Usad’ba Verkhnee Dzhemete II» [Excavation Coins from the Verkhnee Dzhemete II Estate on the Chora of Gorgippia]. Kratkie soobshcheniya Instituta arkheologii [Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology RAS] 277, 107–129.
Abramzon, M.G., Zavoykin, A.A., Sudarev, N.I. 2016: Monety iz raskopok antichnogo poseleniya «Beregovoy 4» (1987, 1988, 1999–2002 gg.) [Coins from Excavations of the Ancient Settlement of Beregovoy 4 in 1987–1988 and 1999–2002]. DB 20, 11‒34.
Ambroz, A.K. 1966: Fibuly yuga evropeyskoy chasti SSSR [Fibulae of the South of the European Part of the USSR] (Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov [Corpus of Archaeological Sources] D1–30). Moscow.
Anokhin, V.A., 1986. Monetnoe delo Bospora [Coinage of the Bosporus]. Kiev.
Callataÿ, F. de 2007: La révision de la chronologie des bronzes de Mithridate Eupator et ses conséquences sur la datation des monnayages et des sites du Bosphore Cimmérien. In: A. Bresson, A. Ivantchik, J.-L. Ferrary (eds.), Une koinè pontique. Cités grecques, sociétés indigènes et empires mondiaux sur le littoral nord de la Mer Noire (VIIe s.a.C. – IIIe s.p.C.) (Mémoires, 18). Bordeaux, 271–308.
Cladakis-Manolis, H. 1994: The Iconography of Terracotta Figurines of Graeco-Egyptian Deities Presented in Graeco-Roman Guise and Its Implication for Our Understanding of Popular Religion. Liverpool.
Conovici, N. 1998: Histria: Les résultats des fouilles. VIII. Les timbres amphoriques. 2. Sinope (tuiles timbrées comprises). Bucureşti–Paris.
Finkielsztejn, G. 2001: Chronologie détaillée et révisée des éponymes amphoriques rhodiens, de 270 à 108 av. J.-C. environ. Premier bilan (BAR Intern. Ser. 990). Oxford.
Frolova, N., Ireland S. 2002: The Coinage of the Bosporan Kingdom: From the First Century BC to the Middle of the First Century AD (BAR Intern. Ser. 1102). Oxford.
Frolova, N., Ireland, S. 2002: The Coinage of the Bosporan Kingdom: From the First Century BC to the Middle of the First Century AD (BAR Intern. Ser. 1102). Oxford.
Garbuzov, G.P., Zavoykin, A.A. 2009: Antichnaya sel’skaya territoriya: formal’noe opisanie i vozmozhnosti istoricheskoy interpretatsii [Ancient Rural Area: the Formal Description and Potentialities of Historical Interpretation]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 13, 141–175.
Garlan, Y. 2004: Les timbres ceramiques sinopeens sur amphores et sur tuiles trouves a Sinope. Presentation et catalogue (Varia Anatolica XVI = Corpus international des timbres amphoriques 10). Paris.
Grzegrzółka, S. 2010: “Megarian” Bowls (From the Collection of the Kerch History and Culture Reserve. Collection of Megarian Bowls”. Pt. 1. Vol. 1 = Suppl. 2 Bulletin of The National Museum in Warsaw, Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie, Wydawnictwo DiG). Warsaw.
Ivanov, A.A. 2020: Raskopki usadeb ellinisticheskogo vremeni na poselenii «Usad’ba (kh. Voskresenskiy, YuZ okraina)» v 2019 g. (Predvaritel’noe soobshchenie) [Excavations of the Hellenistic Estates at the “Estate (Voskresensky Khutor, SW outskirts)” Settlement in 2019 (Preliminary report]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 25, 176–185.
Lavrov, A.N., Surkov, A.V. 2023: Tekhnicheskiy otchet o provedenii spasatel’nykh arkheologicheskikh polevykh rabot (raskopok) na territorii ob’ekta arkheologicheskogo naslediya «Usad’ba «Verkhnee Dzhemete II» (na ploshchadi 21 722 kv. m.), raspolozhennogo v zone stroitel’stva kurortnykh gostinits i ob’ektov mnogofunktsional’nogo naznacheniya» v granitsakh kadastrovogo kvartala 27:37:0107001 v gorode-kurorte Anapa [Technical Report on the Conduct of Rescue Archaeological Field Work (Excavations) at the Territory of the Archaeological Heritage Site “Estate “Verkhnee Dzhemete II” (on an Area of 21,722 Sq. M.), Located in the Construction Zone of Resort Hotels and Mixed-Use Facilities” Within the Boundaries of Cadastral Quarter 27 :37:0107001 in the Resort City of Anapa]. Rostov-on-Don.
Lavrov, A.N., Surkov, A.V. 2024: Tekhnicheskiy otchet o provedenii spasatel’nykh arheologicheskikh polevykh rabot (raskopok) na territorii ob’ekta arheologicheskogo naslediya «Usad’ba «Verhnee Dzhemete 1», popadayushchego v zonu stroitel’stva ob’ekta: «Gazoprovod vysokogo davleniya ot GRS Verhnee Dzhemete do g. Anapa Krasnodarskogo kraya» [Technical Report on the Rescue Archaeological Field Work (Excavations) on the Territory of the Archaeological Heritage Site “Verkhnee Dzhemete 1 Estate” Situated in the Construction Zone of the Object “High-Pressure Gas Pipeline from the Verkhnee Dzhemete Gas Distribution Station to Anapa, Krasnodar Territory”]. Rostov-on-Don.
Miller, S.G. 1994: Architectural terracottas from Ilion. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Greek Architectural Terracottas of the Classical and Hellenistic Periods, December 12–15, 1991 (Hesperia: Supplement XXVII). Oxford, 269–426.
Pal, E.P., Sokolov, P.M., Petrov, P.A., Bezmaternykh, A.E. 2020: Raskopki antichnogo poseleniya Usad’ba (kh. Voskresenskiy, YuZ okraina) v Anape (predvaritel’noe soobshchenie) [Excavations at the Ancient Settlement of Usad’ba (Voskresensky Khutor, SW Outskirts) in Anapa (Preliminary Report)]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 25, 307–319.
Rotroff, S.I. 1982: Hellenistic Pottery: Athenian and Imported Moldmade Bowls. The Athenian Agora 22, Princeton, New Jersey.
Shelov, D.B. 1956: Monetnoye delo Bospora VI‒II vv. do n.e. [Bosporan Coinage, 6th‒2nd cc. BC]. Moscow.
Sokolov, P.M. 2024: Issledovanie kamennoy dorogi epokhi ellinizma na khore Gorgippii v 2019–2020 gg. [Exploration of the Hellenistic Stone Road at the Gorgippia Chora in 2019–2020]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 29, 391–411.
Sudarev, N.I., Surkov, A.V., Korzhenkov, A.M., Ovsyuchenko, A.N., Larkov, A.S. 2024: O sil’nom zemletryasenii v Gorgippii v II–I vv. do n.e. (na primere izucheniya usad’by «Verkhnee Dzhemete II») [On the strong earthquake in Gorgippia in the 2nd–1st centuries BC (based on the study of the estate “Upper Dzhemete II”)]. In: XXV Bosporskie chteniya. Bospor Kimmeriyskiy i varvarskiy mir v period antichnosti i srednevekov’ya. Problemy issledovaniya drevnostey yuga Rossii [XXV Bosporan Readings. Bosporus Cimmerian and Barbarian World in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Problems of Researching Antiquities of Southern Russia]. Simferopol–Kerch, 333–343.
Surkov, A.V. 2024: Annotatsionnyy otchet o provedenii arkheologicheskikh raskopok na territorii vyyavlennogo ob”ekta kul’turnogo naslediya «Usad’ba «Verkhnee Dzhemete II», popadayushchego v zonu stroitel’stva po titulu: «Kompleksnaya zastroyka kompleksami kurortnykh gostinits i ob”ektov mnogofunktsional’nogo naznacheniya» v gorode-kurorte Anapa [Abstract Report on the Archaeological Excavations at the Territory of the Identified Cultural Heritage Site “Verkhnee Dzhemete II Estate” Situated in the Construction Zone under the Title: “Integrated Development of Complexes of Resort Hotels and Multifunctional Facilities” in the Resort City of Anapa]. Rostov-on-Don.