Abstract
The article examines the complex of defensive structures in the cities of south-western Phrygia: Hierapolis, Laodicea, and Colossae (Chonae). These three cities form an important regional urban hub. The study identifies the main types of defensive structures, including walls, gates, towers, and a presumed kastron in Hierapolis. The paper reveals the fundamental principles underlying the construction of fortifications in these cities and identifies additional factors and conditions that influenced the defensive layout and the overall topography of the urban centers. The authors characterize the methods of resource acquisition for the construction of fortifications during Late Antiquity. Special attention is paid to the decorative elements that define the unique appearance of the structures in this group of Phrygian cities. The article also outlines the historical development of the cities of south-western Phrygia during the Late Antique and Early Byzantine periods.
Keywords
Asia Minor, Phrygia, Hierapolis, Laodicea, Colossi (Chonae), defensive structures.
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