download PDF

Abstract

This paper suggests a detailed analysis of the Appian’s and Plutarch’s evidences about the participating of the Latins, the Italians and the category of the Roman citizens without vote (cives sine suffragio) in the Caius Gracchus’ political program during his second tribunate. The content of the rogatio de sociis civitate danda of 122 BC was in similar to the content of analogous rogatio of 125 BC, which included the grant of Roman citizenship or the right of appeal to the Latins as well as the right of appeal to the Italians. In addition, C. Gracchus in 122 BC put forward another rogatio on providing the remained cives sine suffragio voting rights. Senate through consul of 122 BC Caius Fannius successfully was opposed to both C. Gracchus’ initiatives.

Keywords

Latins, Italians, cives sine suffragio, Roman citizenship, senate, Caius Gracchus, the edict of Fannius.

Nikita A. Filyanov

High School Economics University, Moscow, Russia

E-mail: nikitafi This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Badian, E. 1970 – 1971: Roman politics and the Italian allies, 133–91 BC. DA 4–5, 373–409.

Badian, E. 1958: Foreign Clientelae, 264–70 BC. Oxford.

Beloch, K.J. 1880: Der Italische Bund unter Roms Hegemonie. Leipzig.

Bernardi, A. 1938: I “cives sine suffragio”. Athenaeum 77, 239–277.

Bleicken, J. 1975: Die Verfassung der römischen Republik. Paderborn.

Boren, H. C. 1956: Livius Drusus, tr. pl. 122 and his Anti-Gracchan program. CJ 52, 27–36.

Broadhead, W. 2008: Migration and hegemony: fi xity and mobility in second-century Italy. In: L. De Light, S.J. Northwood (eds.), People, Land and Politics: Demographic Developments and the Transformation of Roman Italy, 300 BC – AD 14. Leiden, 451–470.

Brunt, P.A. 1969: The enfranchisement of the Sabines. Latomus 102, 121–129.

Brunt, P.A. 1971: Italian manpower, 225 BC–AD 14. Oxford.

Brunt, P.A. 1988: The fall of the Roman republic and the related essays. Oxford.

Coşkun, A. 2009a: Civitas Romana and the inclusion of strangers in the Roman Republic: the case of the Social War. In: A. Gestrich, L. Raphael (eds.), Strangers and Poor People. Changing Patterns of Inclusion and Exclusion in Europe and the Mediterranean World from Classical Antiquity to the Present Day. Frankfurt, 135–164.

Coşkun, A. 2009b: Bürgerrechtsentzug oder Fremdenausweisung? Studien zu den Rechten von Latinern und weiteren Fremden sowie zum Bürgerrechtswechsel in der Römischen Republik (5. bis frühes 1. Jh. v. Chr.). Stuttgart.

Filyanov, N.A. 2017: Senat i kollegiya triumvirov agris dandis adsignandis v italiyskom voprose (129–125 gg. do n.e.) [Senate and collegium, of the agris dandies adsignandis in the Italian question (129–125 BC]. Sovremennaya nauka: aktual’nye problemy teorii i praktiki. Gumanitarnye nauki [Scientifi c and practical journal. Humanitarian sciences] 7, 36–41.

Филянов, Н.А. 2017: Сенат и коллегия триумвиров agris dandis adsignandis в италийском вопросе (129–125 гг. до н.э.). Современная наука: актуальные проблемы теории и практики. Гуманитарные науки 7, 36–41.

Fraccaro, P. 1925: Ricerche su Caio Gracco. Athenaeum 3, 76–97. Gabba, E. 1964: Studi di Dionigi d’Alicarnasso. III. La proposta di legge agraria di Spurio Cassio. Athenaeum 42, 29–41.

Gabba, E. 1989: Rome and Italy in the second century. In: F.W. Walbank, A.E. Astin, M.W. Frederiksen, R.M. Ogilvie (eds.), Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. VII. P. II. Cambridge, 197–243.

Gabba, E. 1990: Il tentativo dei Gracchi. Storia di Roma 2, 671–689.

Galsterer, H. 1976: Herrschaft und Verwaltung im republikanischen Italien. Die Beziehungen Roms zu den italischen Gemeinden vom Latinerfrieden 338 v.Chr. bis zum Bundesgenossenkrieg 91 v.Chr. München.

Humbert, M. 1978: Municipium et civitas sine suffragio. L’organisation de la conquête jusqu’à la guerre sociale. Rome.

Keaveny, A.1987: Rome and the Unifi cation of Italy. Totowa.

Kendall, S. 2013: The Struggle for roman citizenship: Romans, Allies, and the Wars of 91–77 BCE. Piscataway.

Kunkel, W., Wittmann, R. 1995: Staatsordnung und Staatspraxis der römischen Republik: Die Magistratur. Vol. II. München.

Lapyrenok, R.V. 2013: “Italiyskiy vopros” v 126–125 gg. do n. e.: ot zakona M. Yuniya Penna do razrusheniya Fregell [The “Italian question” in 126–125 B.C.: from lex de peregrinis of M. Iunius Pennus to the demolition of Fregellae]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo [Bulletin of Lobachevsky University of Nizhni Novgorod] 2, 239–244.

Лапыренок, Р.В. 2013: «Италийский вопрос» в 126–125 гг. до н. э.: от закона М. Юния Пенна до разрушения Фрегелл. Вестник Нижегородского университета им. Н.И. Лобачевского 2, 239–244.

Lapyrenok, R.V. 2016: Nasledie agrarnogo zakona Tiberiya Grakkha: zemel‘nyy vopros i politicheskaya bor‘ba v Rime 20-h gg. II v. do n.e. [The legacy of the agrarian law of Tiberius Gracchus: the land question and political struggle in Rome in the 120-s BC]. Moscow.

Лапыренок, Р.В. 2016: Наследие аграрного закона Тиберия Гракха: земельный вопрос и политическая борьба в Риме 20-х гг. II в. до н.э. М.

Lapyrionok, R.V. 2019: Die Ursprünge des Bundengenossenkrieges: Land und Politik in den Jahren 133–91 v. Chr. Irkutsk.

Magie, D. 1905: De romanorum iuris publici sacrique vocabulis sollemnibus in graecum sermonem conversis. Lipsiae.

Meister, K. 1976: Die Bundesgenossengesetzgebung des Caius Gracchus. Chiron 6, 113–125.

Mommsen, Th. 1855: Römische Geschichte. Bd. II. Berlin.

Mommsen, Th. 1887: Römisches Staatrecht. Bd. III. 1 Abt. Leipzig.

Mouritsen, H. 1998: Italian unifi cation. A study in ancient and modern historiography. London.

Mouritsen, H. 2006: Caius Gracchus and the cives sine suffragio. Historia 55. 4, 418–425.

Mouritsen, H. 2007: The civitas sine suffragio: ancient concepts and modern ideology. Historia 56. 2, 141–158.

Nicolet, C. 1982: The World of the Citizen in the republican Rome. In: P.S. Falla (transl.), London.

Nicolet, C. 1977: Rome et la conquête du monde méditerranéen. Paris. Oakly, S.P. 1998: A commentary of Livy Books VI–X. Vol. II. Oxford.

Roth, R. 2019: The Expansion of the Citizenship and Roman Elite Interests in Regional Italy, c. 200–91 BC A Structural Perspective. In: S. Karataş, K-J. Hölkeskamp, R. Roth (eds.), Empire, Hegemony or Anarchy? Rome and Italy, 201–31 BC. Stuttgart, 85–106.

Salmon, E.T. 1982: The making of Roman Italy. New York.

Santamato, E. 2012: Gruppi immigrati e loro gestione a Roma tra II e I sec. a. C. Napoli.

Sheidel, W. 2004: Human mobility in Roman Italy, I: The free population. JRS 94, 1–26.

Sherwin-White, A.N. 1974: The Roman Citizenship. Oxford.

Staveley E.S. 1984: Rome and Italy in the early third century. In: F.W. Walbank, A.E. Astin, M.W. Frederiksen, R.M. Ogilvie (eds.), Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. VII. P. II. Cambridge, 420–455.

Stockton, D. 1979: The Gracchi. Oxford.

Toynbee, A.J. 1965: Hannibal’s Legacy. The Hannibalic War’s effects on roman life. Rome and her Neighbours before Hannibal’s entry. London.