download PDF

Abstract

The paper is a publication of silver and bronze jewellery (spiral pendants, lunulae and a torc) from the Batyrskiy 1 burial ground, which is located south of the Verkhnebakanskiy settlement, 10 km northwest of Novorossiysk and is dated by amphoras material and ceramics within the second half of the 4th – third quarter of the 3rd centuries BC. The chronology, genesis and distribution of the specified types of jewellery, especially in the North Pontic region, are considered in detail. They are represented by types that were either widespread in the North Pontic (spiral pendants) or refl ect rather a local fashion common among the local population living in the late 6th – 3rd cc. BC in the area of modern Anapa and Novorossiysk (lunulae, a torc). In general, the closest objects to the jewellery under discussion are those from the burial grounds near the Rassvet Farmstead and Lobanova Shchel in the specified microregion.

Keywords

North Pontic region, Bosporus, “Batyrsky 1” burial ground in the vicinity of Novorossiysk, dating of burial complexes, silver and bronze jewellery, spiral pendants, lunulae, torcs.

Mikhail Yu. Treister, Independent Researcher, Bonn, Germany, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Irina V. Rukavishnikova, Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Denis V. Beylin, Institute of Archaeology of the Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Simferopol, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Alekseeva, Е.М. 1991: Grecheskaya kolonizatsiya Severo-Zapadnogo Kavkaza [Greek Colonization of the North-Western Caucasus]. Moscow.

Berthold, A.S. 2008: Entwurf und Ausführung in den artes minores. Münz- und Gemmenkünstler des 6. – 4. Jhs. v. Chr. Dissertation der Philosophischen Fakultät der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. Halle-Wittenberg.

Bessonova, S.S., Bunatyan, Е.P., Gavrilyuk, N.А. 1988: Aktashykiy mogil’nik skifskogo vremeni v Vostochnom Krymu [The Aktash Necropolis of the Scythian Period in the Eastern Crimea]. Kiev.

Castor, A. 2008: Archaic Greek Earrings: An Interim Survey. AA 1, 1–34.

Cat. Amsterdam 2004: Yu. Kalashnik, Greek Gold. From the Treasure Rooms of the Hermitage. Zwolle.

Cat. Malibu 2007: A.A. Trofimova (ed.), Greeks on the Black Sea. Ancient Art from the Hermitage. Los Angeles.

Cat. Sofia 2021: Penkova, P., Karamanova-Zlatkova, R. (eds.), Vreme, materiya i dukh. Restavratsiyata v Natsionalniya Arkheologicheski institut s muzey pri Balgarskata akademiya na naukite / Time, Matter and Spirit. The Conservation in the National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Nationalen arkheologicheski muzey Katalozi / National Archaeological Museum Catalogues, Supplementum 2). Sofia, 2021.

Cat. Thessaloniki 1997: Greek Jewellery. 6000 Years of Tradition. Athens.

Cat. Thessaloniki 2007: D. Grammenos (ed.), Ο χρυσός των Μακεδόνων. Από την έκθεση του Αρχαιολογικού Μουσείου Θεσσαλονίκης. Thessaloniki.

Chacheva, M. 2015: Trinkets for the Afterlife: Personal Ornaments from Graves of Children in the Necropolis of Apollonia Pontica. Archaeologia Bulgarica XIX.1, 1–21.

Chacheva, M. 2016: Adornments or amulets? Personal ornaments of Apollonian children in Pontic context. In: M. Manoledakis (ed.), The Black Sea in the Light of New Archaeological Data and Theoretical Approaches. Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on the Black Sea in Antiquity Held in Thessaloniki, 18–20 September 2015. Oxford, 139–152.

Coja, M. 1962: L’artisanat à Histria du VIe au Ier siècle avant notre ère. Dacia N.S. 6, 115–138. CR St. Petersburg for 1913–1915, 1918. Otchet Imperatorskoy arkheologicheskoy komissii za 1913– 1915 gody [Report of the Imperial Archaeological Commission for 1913–1915]. Petrograd.

Grach, N.L. 1999: Nekropol‘ Nimfeya [Necropolis of Nymphaion]. Saint Petersburg.

Damyanov, M. 2017: Pottery assemblage of the ritual fireplaces in the necropolis of Apollonia Pontica (Excavations in 2005). In: P. Kiyashkina, M. Damyanov, A. Bozhkova, P. Delev (eds.), Proceedings of international conference ‘Ancient Greek Necropolises Along the Black Sea Coast’, Nessabar, October 4–7, 2012 (Nessebar IV). Veliko Tarnovo, 86–100.

Damyanov, M. 2023: Chernofirnisova keramika ot nekropola na Apoloniya Pontika: tipologichesko i hronologichesko izsledvane (po materiali ot obrednite ognisha, okolo 400 – 250 g. pr. Hr.). [Black-Glazed Pottery from the Necropolis of Apollonia Pontica: Typological and Chronological study (based on materials from ritual fireplaces, ca. 400 – 250 BC] (Razkopki i prouchvaniya /Archaeological Excavations and Research XLIX). Sofia.

Dashevskaya, О.D. 1978: Pervye issledovaniya Kul’chukskogo nekropolya [First Investigations of the Kul’chuk necropolis]. Sovetskaya arkheologiya [Soviet Archaeology] 3, 199–215. Deppert-Lippitz, B. 1985: Griechischer Goldschmuck. Mainz.

Despini, Ai. 1996: Greek Art. Ancient Gold Jewellery. Athens.

Dmitriev, А.V., Malyshev, А.А. 1999: Mogil‘nik VI–II vv. do n.e. v ust’e Lobanovoy shcheli [A 6th–2nd Centuries BC Burial Ground at the Mouth of the Lobanov Gap]. In: Istorikoarkheolgicheskiy al‘manakh (Armavirskogo kraevedcheskogo muzeya) [Historico-Archaeological Almanakh (of the Armavir Local Lore Museum)] 5. Armavir–Moscow, 17–51.

Egorova, Т.V. 2009: Chernolakovaya keramika IV–II vv. do n.e. s pamyatnikov Severo-Zapadnogo Kryma [Black-Glazed Pottery of the 4th–2nd Centuries BC from the Sites of the NorthWestern Crimea]. Moscow.

Fedoseev, N.F. 2016: Keramicheskie kleyma. T. 2. Gerakleya Pontiyskaya [Ceramic Stamps. Vol. 2. Heraclea Pontica] (Iz sobraniya Vostochno-Krymskogo istoriko-kul‘turnogo muzeya-zapovednika. Kollektsiya keramicheskikh kleym [Collection of Ceramic Stamps in the East Crimean Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve]. Kerch.

Furmanska, А.І. 1958: Lyvarni formy z rozkopok Olʹvii [Casting Moulds from the Excavations at Olbia]. Arkheolohichni pam‘yatky URSR [Archaeological Monuments of the Ukrainian SSR] VIII, 40–60.

Gerts, К.К. 1876: Istoricheskiy obzor arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy i otkrytiy na Tamanskom poluostrove s kontsa XVIII stoletiya do 1859 g. [Historical Review of Archaeological Research and Discoveries in the Taman Peninsula from the late 18th century to 1859]. Moscow.

Goldman, H., Jones, F. 1942: Terracottas from the Necropolis of Halae. Hesperia 11.4, 365–421.

Greifenhagen, A. 1970‒1975. Schmuckarbeiten in Edelmetall. I‒ II. Berlin.

Hadaczek, K. 1903: Der Ohrschmuck der Griechen und der Etrusker (Abhandlungen des archäologisch-epigraphischen Seminars der Universität Wien 14,1). Wien.

Hermary A., Panayotova K., Baralis A., Damyanov M., Riapov A. 2010: Apollonia du Pont (Sozopol). La nécropole de Kalfata (Ve–IIIe s. av. J.–C.). Fouilles franco-bulgares (2002– 2004). (Bibliothèque d’Archéologie Méditerranéenne et Africaine 5). Paris.

Higgins, R.A. 1980: Greek and Roman Jewellery. 2nd ed. London.

Iliopoulou, S. 2015: Αρχαία Ζώνη ΙΙΙa. Το Νεκροταφείο. Ταφικά έθιμα και πρακτικές. Komotini.

Kakhidze, A. 2007: The Classical World in the Eastern Black Sea Area. The Fifth Century BC Greek Necropolis at Pichvnari (Pichvnari II). Batumi–Oxford.

Kakhidze, A., Shalikadze, T. 2023: Hellenism and Colchis. Catalogue. Batumi.

Kakhidze, A., Vickers, M. 2014: Colchis and Greeks on the Eastern Coast of the Black Sea: Results of Excavations Conducted by the Joint Georgian-British Pichvnari Expedition (2003– 2007) (Pichvnari VI). Batumi–Oxford.

Kalashnik, Yu.P. 2014: Grecheskoe zoloto v sobranii Ermitazha. Pamytniki antichnogo yuvelirnogo iskusstva iz Severnogo Prichernomor’ya [Greek Gold in the Collection of the Hermitage. Objects of Ancient Jewellery Art from the North Pontic Region]. Saint Petersburg.

Kamenetskiy, I.S. 1989: Meoty i drugie plemena Severo-Zapadnogo Kavkaza v VII–III vv. do n.e. [Maeotians and Other Tribes of the North-Western Caucasus in the 7th–3rd Centuries BC]. In: А.I. Melyukova (ed.), Stepi evropeyskoy chasti SSSR v skifo-sarmatskoe vremya [The Steppes of the European Part of the USSR in the Scythyan-Sarmatian Period] (Arkheologiya SSSR [Archaeology of the USSR]). Moscow, 224–251.

Kashaev, S.V. 2009: Nekropol‘ Artyushchenko-2 [Artyushchenko-2 Necropolis]. Bosporskie issledovaniya [Bosporan Studies] 22, 188–267.

Kashaev, S.V. 2020: Nekropol‘ Artyushchenko-2. Rezul’taty rabot 2003–2019 gg. [Artyushchenko-2 Necropolis. Results of Works in 2003–2019]. Bosporskie issledovaniya [Bosporan Studies] 41, 112–132.

Koval’chuk, А.V., Krayneva, А.А., Sudarev, N.I., Chevelev, О.D. 2010: Raskopki zapadnogo nekropolya Germonassy v 2008 godu [Excavations of the Western Necropolis of Hermonassa in 2008]. In: А.А. Maslennikov, N.А. Gavrilyuk, А.А. Zavoykin (eds.), ΣΥΜΒΟΛΑ. Antichnyy mir Severnogo Prichernomor’ya. Noveyshie nakhodki i otkrytiya [Antique World of the North Pontic Region. The Newest Finds and Discoveries] 1. Moscow, Kiev, 97–100.

Kołkówna, S. 1980: Remarques sur les sources archéologiques antiques relatives а la production d’orfèvrerie sur les rivages septentrionaux et occident de la Mer Noire. In : T. Hackens (ed.), Études sur l’orfèvrerie antique. Studies in Ancient Jewellery (Publication d’histoire de l’art et d’archéologie de l’Universite Catholique de Louvain, XIV. Aurifex 1). Louvainla-Neuve, 106–154.

Kolpakova, А.V. 2006: Novye raskopki gruntovogo mogil’nika rannego zheleznogo veka „Lobanova shchel‘“ u g. Novorossiyska [New Excavations of the Early Iron Age Burial Ground „Lobanova shchel [Gap]‘“ near the City of Novorossiysk]. In: Pervaya Abkhazskaya mezhdunarodnaya arkheologicheskaya konferentsiya [First Abkhasian International Scientific Conference]. Sukhum, 201–202.

Kolpakova, А.V., Shishlov, А.V., Fedorenko, N.V. 2011: Novye raskopki gruntovogo mogil’nika rannego zheleznogo veka „Lobanova shchel‘“ u g. Novorossiyska [New Excavations of the Early Iron Age Burial Ground „Lobanova shchel [Gap]‘“ near the City of Novorossiisk]. In: Istoricheskie zapiski (issledovaniya i materialy) (Historical Notes (Studies and Materials)) 7. Novorossiisk, 6–41.

Kononov, V.Yu. 2023: Ser’gi i visochnye kol’tsa iz meotskikh i sarmatskikh pamyatnikov Kubani [Ear- and Templerings from Maeotian and Sarmatian Sites of the Kuban Region]. Vestnik Kalmytskogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Kalmyk University] 3 (59), 32–43.

Korovina, А.К. 1962: Nekropol‘ okolo mysa Panagii [The Necropolis near Panagia Cape]. In: V.F. Gaydukevich (ed.), Arkheologiya i istoriya Bospora [Archaeology and History of the Bosporus]. Vol. II. Simferopol‘, 301–313.

Korovina, А.К. 1968: Tiramba (gorodishche i nekropol‘). Itog arkheologicheskikh rabot ekspeditsii GMII im. A.S. Pushkina za 1959, 1961–1963 и 1965 gody [Tyramba (The Fortified Site and Necropolis). The Results of the archaeological Work of the Expedition of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts for 1959, 1961–1963 and 1965]. Soobshcheniya Gosudarstvennogo muzeya izobrazitel’nykh iskusstv im. A.S. Pushkina [Reports of the State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin] 4, 54–84.

Korovina, А.К. 1987: Raskopki nekropolya Tiramby (1966–1970) [Excavations oft he Tyramba Necropolis (1966–1970)]. Soobshcheniya Gosudarstvennogo muzeya izobrazitel’nykh iskusstv im. A.S. Pushkina [Reports of the State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin] 8, 3–70.

Korpusova, V.М. 1972: Pro naselennya khori antichnoy Feodosii [On the Population oft he Chora of antique Theodosia]. Arkheologiya [Archaeology] 6, 41–55.

Koukoulidou, Ch., Mazarakis-Ainian, A., Theodoropoulou, T., Touloumtzidou, A., VarvarinouVaï, D., Zimi, E., Papadopoulou, Z. 2017: Small finds from the sanctuary of Kythnos. In: A. Mazarakis-Ainian (ed.), Les sanctuaires archaïques des Cyclades. Rennes, 193–256.

Kozub, Yu.I. 1974: Nekropol‘ Ol’vii V–IV st. do n.е. [Necropolis of Olbia of the 5th–4th Centuries BC]. Kiev.

Krushkol, Yu.S., Novichikhin, A.M. 2010: Opisanie pogrebal’nykh kompleksov. Katalog [The Description of the Burial Complexes. A Catalogue]. In: A.A. Malyshev (ed.), Naselenie arhaicheskoy Sindiki po materialam nekropolya u khutora Rassvet (Nekropoli Chernomorya III) [Population of Archaic Sindica Based on the Material from the Necropolis near the Rassvet Farmstead (Black Sea Necropoleis III)]. Moscow, 21–191.

Kutaysov, V.А. 2011: Kurganyy nekropol‘ Kalos Limena [Kurgan Necropolis of Kalos Limen]. Kiev.

Kutaysov, V.А., Lantsov, S.B. 1989а: Nekropol‘ antichnoy Kerkinitidy. Istoriya i itogi izucheniya [The Necropolis of the Ancient Cercinitis. History and Results of Studies]. Kiev.

Kutaysov, V.А., Lantsov, S.B. 1989б: Nekropol‘ antichnoy Kerkinitidy. Katalog pogrebeniy [The Necropolis of the Ancient Cercinitis. The Catalogue of Burials]. Kiev.

Laffineur, R. 1978: L’orfèvrerie rhodienne orientalisante. Paris.

Leskov, А.М., Beglova, Е.А., Ksenofontova, I.V., Erlikh, V.R. 2005: Meoty Zakuban‘ya v seredine VI – nachale III v. do n.e. Nekropoli u aula Ulyap. Pogrebal‘nye kompleksy [Maeotians of the Trans-Kuban Region in the Middle of the 6th – Early 3rd Century BC. Necropoleis near the Aul of Ulyap. Burial Complexes]. Moscow.

Limberis, N.Yu., Marchenko, I.I. 2005: Khronologiya keramicheskikh kompleksov s antichnymi importami iz raskopok meotskikh mogil’nikov Pravoberezh’ya Kubani [Chronology of Ceramic Complexes with Antique Imports from the Excavations of the Maeotian Burial Grounds on the Right Bank of Kuban]. Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii Kubani [Materials and Research on the Archaeology of Kuban] 5, 219–324.

Limberis, N.Yu., Marchenko, I.I. 2024: Vooruzhenie meotskikh vsadnikov IV v. do n.e. (po materialam Prikubanskogo mogil‘nika) [Arms oft he 4th Century BC Maeotian Horseman (after the Materials of the Prikubankiy Cemetery)]. Nizhnevolzhskiy arkheologicheskiy vestnik [Lower Volga Archaeological Bulletin] 23.3, 21–37.

Maslennikov, А.А. 1978: Raskopki nekropolya ellinisticheskogo vremeni u s. Zolotoe [Excavations of a Necropolis of the Hellenistic Period near the village of Zolotoe]. Kratkie soobscheniya Instituta arkheologii [Brief Reports of Institute of Archaeology] 156, 84–89.

Maslennikov, А.А. 1995: Kamennyye yashchiki Vostochnogo Kryma (k istorii sel‘skogo naseleniya Evropeyskogo Bospora v VI–I vv. do n.e. [Stone Cists of the Eastern Crimea (on the History of the Rural Population of the European Bosporus in the 6th–1st Centuries BC] (Bosporskiy sbornik [Bosporan Collection] 8)]. Moscow.

Mordvintseva, V.I., Khachaturova, Е.А., Yurchenko, Т.V. 2010: Sokrovishcha drevney Kubani [Treasures of Ancient Kuban] (Drevnyaya torevtika i yuvelirnoe delo v Vostochnoy Evrope [Ancient Toreutics and Jewellery in Eastern Europe] 4). Simferopol–Krasnodar.

Müseler, W. 2018: Beyond the Xanthos Valley: Rulers and Mints in Eastern and Central Lycia at the Time of the “Dynasty of Xanthos”. Gephyra 15, 11–28.

Novichikhin, A.M. 1994: Raskopki antichnogo poseleniya v Andreevskoy Shcheli bliz Anapy [Excavations at an Ancient Settlement in Andreevskaya Shchel near Anapa]. Bosporskiy sbornik [Bosporan Collection] 4, 172–174.

Novichikhin, A.M. 2006: Naseleniye Zapadnogo Zakuban‘ya v pervoy polovine I tysyacheletiya do n. e. (po materialam pogrebal‘nykh pamyatnikov) [The Population of the Western Trans-Kuban Region in the First Half of the 1st Millennium BC (Based on the Materials from Burial Sites)]. Anapa.

Novichikhin, A.M. 2010: Pogrebal’nyy inventar‘ nekropolya u khutora Rassvet [The Burial Inventory of the Necropolis near Rassvet Farmstead]. In: A.A. Malyshev (ed.), Naselenie arhaicheskoy Sindiki po materialam nekropolya u khutora Rassvet (Nekropoli Chernomorya III) [Population of Archaic Sindica Based on Materials from the Necropolis near the Rassvet Farmstead (Black Sea Necropoleis III)]. Moscow, 204–234.

Novichikhin, A.M. 2017: Utrish skvoz‘ veka [Utrish through Centuries]. Krasnodar.

Novichikhin, A.M., Galut, О.V. 2006: Zoloto Gorgippii [Gold of Gorgippia]. Krasnodar–Anapa.

Ognenova-Marinova, L. 1984: Drebni nakhdki, terakoti, skulptura [Small Finds, Terracottas, Sculptures]. In: Dimitrov, D.P., Chichikova, М., Balkanska, А., Ognenova-Marinova, L. Sevtopolis [Seutopolis]. Vol. I. Byt i kul‘tura [Life and Culture]. Sofia, 159–227.

Petrenko, V.G. 1978: Ukrasheniya Skifii VII—III vv. do n.e. [Finery of Scythia of the 7th – 3rd Centuries BC] (Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov [Corpus of Archaeological Sources] D4–5). Moscow.

Philipp, H. 1981. Bronzeschmuck aus Olympia (Olympische Forschungen XIII). Berlin.

Pologiorgi, M. 1981: Yστεροκλασικός τάφός στην Κίσαμο. AAA 14, 162–178.

Pülz, A.M. 2009: Die Goldfunde aus dem Artemision von Ephesos (Forschungen in Ephesos 12.5). Wien.

Ritter, S. 2002: Bildkontakte: Götter und Heroen in der Bildsprache griechischer Münzen des 4. Jhs. v. Chr. Berlin.

Robinson, D.M. 1941: Metal and Minor Miscellaneous Finds (Olynthus X). Baltimore–London.

Romanchenko, N.F. 1907: Raskopki v okrestnostyakh Evpatorii [Excavations in the Vicinities of Eupatoria]. Izvestiya imperatorskoy arkheologicheskoy kommissii [Proceedings of the Imperial Archaeological Commission] 25, 172–187.

Rotroff , S.I. 1997: Hellenistic Pottery. Athenian and Imported Wheelmade Table Ware and Related Material (The Athenian Agora. XXIX). Princeton.

Rukavishnikova, I.V., Antipenko, A.V., Fridrikhson, S.K. 2024: Rezul‘taty rentgeno-fl uorestsentnogo analiza sostava splava metallicheskikh ukrasheniy iz mogil‘nika Batyrskiy 1. Kratkoye soobshcheniye [Results of X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of the Alloy Composition of Metal Ornaments from the Batyrsky 1 Burial Ground. Brief Communication]. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii [Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria] (forthcoming).

Shishlov, А.V., Kolpakova, А.V., Fedorenko, N.V. 2013: Raskopki gruntovogo mogil’nika rannego zheleznogo veka “Lobanova shchel” v 2005–2006 gg. [Excavations at the Early Iron Age Burial Ground “Lobanova shchel” [Gap] in 2005–2006]. In: А.G. Krokhmal‘(ed.), Bioraznoobrazie gosudarstvennogo prirodnogo zapovednika “Utrish”. Nauchnye trudy [Biodiversity of the Utrish State Nature Reserve. Scientific Papers]. Vol. 1. 2012. Anapa, 294–330.

Shishlov, А.V., Kolpakova, А.V., Fedorenko, N.V. 2018: Kamennyy sklep rannego zheleznogo veka iz gruntovogo mogil’nika Zarya-2 u st. Natukhaevskoy g. Novorossiyska [A Stone Tomb from the Early Iron Age Burial Ground Zarya-2 near the Stanitsa of Natukhaevskaya of Novorossiysk]. In: R.B. Skhatum, V.V. Ulitin (eds.), VIII “Anfimovskie chteniya” po arkheologii Zapadnogo Kavkaza. Voyna i torgovlya kak faktory istoricheskogo razvitiya narodov Zapadnogo Kavkaza v drevnosti i srednvekov‘e: Materialy mezhdunarodnoy arkheologicheskoy konferentsii (g. Anapa, 30 maya – 1 iyunya 2018 g.). [VIII “Anfimov Readings” on the Archaeology of the Western Caucasus. War and Trade as Factors in the Historical Development of the Peoples of the Western Caucasus in Antiquity and the Middle Ages: Proceedings of the International Archaeological Conference (Anapa, May 30 – June 1, 2018)]. Krasnodar, 339–347.

Shishlov, А.V., Kolpakova, А.V., Fedorenko, N.V. 2021: Issledovaniya mogil’nika rannego zheleznogo veka “Lobanova shchel” (po itogam raskopok 2007 i 2009 gg.) [Research of the Early Iron Age Burial Ground “Lobanova shchel” (after the Results of 2007 and 2009 Excavations)]. In: О.N. Bykhalova (ed.), “Nazemnye i morskie ekosistemy poluostrova Abrau: istoriya, sostoyanie, okhrana”. Nauchnye trudy [Terrestrial and marine Ecosystems of the Abrau Peninsula: History, Status, Protection“. Scientific papers]. Vol. 5. Anapa, 285–295.

Shishlov, А.V., Fedorenko, N.V., Kolpakova, А.V., Kononenko, A.P. 2007: Material’naya kul’tura Vladimirovskogo mogil’nika [The Material Culture of the Vladimirovka Burial Ground]. Istoricheskie zapiski (issledovaniya i materialy) [Historical Notes (Studies and Materials)] 5. Novorossiisk, 4–19.

Shkorpil, V.V. 1905: Otchet o raskopkakh v Kerchi i okrestnostyakh v 1903 g. [Report on the Excavations in Kerch and ist Environment i 1903]. Izvestiya imperatorskoy arkheologicheskoy kommissii [The News of the Imperial Archaeological Commission] 17, 1–76.

Shkorpil, V.V. 1910: Otchet o raskopkakh v g. Kerchi i na Tamanskom poluostrove v 1907 g. [Report on the Excavations in the City of Kerch and on the Taman Peninsula in 1907]. Izvestiya imperatorskoy arkheologicheskoy kommissii [The News of the Imperial Archaeological Commission] 35, 12–47.

Silant‘eva, P.F. 1976: Spralevidnye podveski Bospora [Spiral-Shaped Pendants of the Bosporus]. Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha [Proceedings of the State Hermitage] 17, 123–137.

Sorokina, N.P. 1957: Tuzlinskiy nekropol‘ [The Tuzla Necropolis] (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Istoricheskogo muzeya, Pamyatniki kultury [Proceedings of the State Historical Museum. Monuments of Culture 26). Moscow.

Stolba, V., Rogov, E. 2012: Panskoye I. The Necropolis (Panskoye Vol. 2). Aarhus.

Sudarev, N.I. 2017: Otchet ob arkheologicheskih raskopkakh v 2016 godu “Na territorii vyyavlennogo ob‘ekta arkheologicheskogo naslediya poseleniya Vinogradnyy-7 (IV–I vv. do n.e.) v zone stroitel‘stva pod‘ezda ot avtomob il‘noy dorogi M-25 Novorossijsk – Kerchenskiy proliv k g. Kerch‘ i sukhogruznomu rayonu morskogo porta Taman‘ na uchastke km 0 – km 42 v ramkakh rekonstruktsii uchastkov avtomobil‘noy dorogi Novorossiysk – Kerchenskiy proliv (na Simferopol‘) v Temryukskom rayone Krasnodarskogo kraya” [Report on archaeological excavations in 2016 “On the Territory of the Identified Archaeological Heritage Site of the Settlement of Vinogradny-7 (4th–1rd Centuries BC) in the Construction Zone of the Access Road from the M-25 Novorossiysk — Kerch Strait Highway to the City of Kerch and the Dry Cargo Area of the Seaport of Taman on the Section km 0 – km 42 as Part of the Reconstruction of Sections of the Novorossiysk – Kerch Strait Highway (to Simferopol) in the Temryuk District of Krasnodar Region”]. Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences.

Tarasova, N.V. 2005: Ob odnoy gruppe visochnykh podvesok rannego zheleznogo veka iz Severnogo Prichernomor‘ya [On one Group of Temple Pendants of the Early Iron Age from the North Pontic Region]. In: V.I. Gulyaev (ed.), Drevnosti Evrazii: ot ranney bronzy do rannego srednevekov‘ya. Pamyati Valeriya Sergeevicha Ol‘khovskogo. Sbornik statey [Antiquities of Eurasia: from the Early Bronze Age to the Early Middle Ages. In Memory of Valeriy Sergeevich Olkhovskiy. Collection]. Moscow, 515–520.

Treister, М.Yu. 1988: Bronzoliteynoye remeslo Bospora VI–V vv. do n.e. [Bronzeworking of the Bosporus in the 6th–5th Centuries BC]. Eirene XXV, 45–67.

Treister, М.Yu. 1992: Bronzoliteynoye remeslo Bospora [Bronzeworking of the Bosporus]. Soobshcheniya Gosudarstvennogo muzeya izobrazitel’nykh iskusstv im. A.S. Pushkina [Communications of the Puushkin State Museum of Fine Arts] 10, 66–110.

Treister, М.Yu. 2010: Issledovaniye bronzovykh ukrasheniy iz mogil‘nika u khut. Rassvet [The Study of Bronze Ornaments from the Burial Ground near the Rassvet Farmstead]. In: A.A. Malyshev (ed.), Naselenie arhaicheskoy Sindiki po materialam nekropolya u khutora Rassvet (Nekropoli Chernomorya III) [Population of Archaic Sindica Based on the Material from the Necropolis near the Rassvet Farmstead (Black Sea Necropoleis III)]. Moscow, 235–238.

Treister, М.Yu. 2015. Istoriya nakhodok zolotykh ukrasheniy v Fanagorii vo vtoroy polovine 19 – pervoy treti 20 v. [History of Gold Jewellery Finds in Phanagoria in the Second Half of the 19th – First Third of the 20th Centuries]. In: M.Yu. Treister (ed.), Zoloto Fanagorii [Gold of Phanagoria] (Fanagoriya [Phanagoria] 2), Moscow, 16–22.

Treister, М.Yu., Vinokurov, N.I. 2023: Zolotyye i serebryanyye podveski-lunnitsy iz sloya pozhara 46/47 g. n.e. ranney tsitadeli gorodishcha Artezian v Vostochnom Krymu [Gold and Silver Lunula Pendants from the AD 46/47 Fire Layer of the Early Citadel of the Artesian fortified Settlement in the Eastern Crimea]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philologican and Cultural Studies] 3, 112–128.

Treister, М.Yu., Rukavishnikova, I.V., Beylin, D.V. 2024: Bronzovyye perstni s izobrazheniyami na shchitkakh iz mogil’nika «Batyrskiy 1» v rayone Novorossiyska [Bronze Finger Rings with Images on Bezels from the Burial Ground “Batyrskiy 1” in the Novorossiysk Region]. Materialy po arkheologii i istorii antichnogo i srednevekovogo Prichernomor‘ya [Materials in Archaeology and History of Ancient and Medieval Black Sea Region] 16, 234–288.

Treister, М.Yu., Sudarev, N.I. 2025: Serebryanye spiralevidnye ukrasheniya Aziatskogo Bospora [Silver Spiral-Shaped Ornaments of the Asian Bosporus]. Drevnosti Bospora [Bosporan Antiquities] 30 (fothcoming).

Tsokur, I.V., Sudarev, N.I., Sharov, O.V. 2022: Volna 1. Nekropol‘ arkhaicheskogo – ellinisticheskogo periodov na Tamanskom poluostrove [Volna 1. Necropolis of the Archaic to Hellenistic Periods on the Taman Peninsula]. (Materialy spasatelnykh arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy [Materials of Rescue Archaeological Research]. Vol. 30. Pts 1–2). Moscow.

Ventsova, М.I. 2013: Ukrasheniya v gruntovykh nekropolyakh Bospora [Ornaments in the Burial Grounds of the Bosporus of the 6th–2nd Centuries BC]. Donets‘kjiy arkheologichniy zbirnik [Donetsk Collection of Articles on Archaeology] 17, 115–131.

Walker, A.L., Goldman, H. 1915: Report on Excavations at Halae of Locris. AJA 19. 4, 418–437.

Williams, D. 1996: The Kyme Treasure. In: A. Calinescu (ed.), Ancient Jewellery and Archaeology. Bloomington–Indianapolis, 117–129.

Williams, D., Ogden, J. 1994: Greek Gold. Jewellery of the Classical Period. London.

Williams, D., Ogden, J. 1995: Grecheskoe zoloto. Yuvelirnoe iskusstvo klassicheskoy epokhi. V–IV veka do n.e. [Greek Gold. The Jewellery Art of the Classical Period. 5th–4 th Centuries BC]. Saint Petersburg.

Yakovenko, E.V. 1970: Ryadovye skifskie pogrebeniya v kurganakh Vostochnogo Kryma [Ordinary Scythian Burials in the Burial Mounds of the Eastern Crimea]. In: А.М. Leskov (ed.), Drevnosti Vostochnogo Kryma [The Antiquities of Eastern Crimea]. Kiev, 103–135.

Yakovenko, E.V., Chernenko, Е.V., Korpusova, V.N. 1970: Opisanie skifskikh pogrebeniy v kurganakh Vostochnogo Kryma [Description of Scythian Burials in the Burial Mounds of the Eastern Crimea]. In: А.М. Leskov (ed.), Drevnosti Vostochnogo Kryma [The Antiquities of Eastern Crimea]. Kiev, 136–179.

Zahlhaas, G. 1991: Ein makedonischer Grabfund und verwandte Bronzen aus Makedonien. In: Spurensuche. Festschrift für Hans-Jörg Kellner zum 70. Geburtstag (Kataloge Prähistorischen Staatssammlung München 3). Kallmünz, 31–54.

Zastrozhnova, Е.G. 2014: Arkheologicheskie raskopki Fanagorii v 1852–1855 gg. (po materialam polevogo zhurnala K.R. Begicheva) [Archaeological Excavations at Phanagoria in 1852–1855 (After the Materials of the Field Journal of K.R. Begichev)]. Bosporskie issledovaniya [Bosporos Studies] XXX, 469–481.

Zastrozhnova, Е.G. 2019: Fanagoriya. Istoriya arkheologicheskogo izucheniya (konets XVIII – seredina XX v.) [Phanagoria. History of Archaeological Research (late 18th – mid-20th centuries). Moscow, Saint Petersburg.