Abstract
The article discusses the first Roman-Carthaginian treaty concluded in 509 BC in the context of the confrontation between Rome, the Greeks and the coalition of the Etruscans and Carthaginians. Polybius cites the text of the Treaty, the original of which he saw in the Treasury of the aediles next to the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, emphasizes the archaic language of the text and the antiquity of the divine oaths that sealed the Treaty on the part of Rome. According to the Treaty, the Romans were not supposed to sail to certain areas, or make purchases in them, except for what was necessary for repairs and sacrifices, as well as provisions. Carthage, for its part, pledged not to interfere in the aff airs of Latium. The Treaty of 509 BC corresponds to the situation that had developed in the Western Mediterranean by that time and allows us to say that Rome had become one of the subjects of international relations that could influence the balance of power in the subsequent struggle for dominance in this region. In this regard, Carthage tried to protect itself from the new acting subject of relations and to defend its interests.
Keywords
Rome, Carthage, Western Mediterranean, international relations, diplomacy.
Lyudmila M. Shmeleva
Каzan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Alfӧldi, A. 1965: Early Rome and Latins. Michigan.
Alfoldi, A. 1961: Il santuario federale latino di Diana sull’Aventino e il tempio di Cerere. Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni 32, 21–39.
Ampolo, C. 1970: L’Artemide di Marsiglia e la Diana dell’Aventino. Parola del Passato 25, 200–210.
Ampolo, C. 1984: Un supplizio arcaico : l’uccisione di Turnus Herdonius. In: Du châtiment dans la cité: Supplices corporels et peine de mort dans le monde antique. Table ronde organisée par l’École française de Rome avec le concours du Centre national de la recherche scientifique (Rome 9-11 novembre 1982). Rome, 91–96.
Ampolo, C. 1990: Roma arcaica ed i Latini nel V secolo. In: Crise et transformation des sociétés archaïques de l’Italie antique au Ve siècle av. JC. Actes de la table ronde de Rome (19–21 novembre 1987). Rome, 117–133.
Ando, Cl. 2009: Diana in the Aventine. In: H. Cancik; J. Rüpke (eds.), Die Religion des Imperium Romanum. Tübingen, 99–113.
Auliard, С. 2006: La diplomatie romaine, l’autre instrument de la conquête. De la fondation à la findes guerres samnites (753-290 av. J.-C.). [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://books.openedition.org/pur/7152
Barzanò, A.1991: La morte di Turno Erdonio e il problema della localizzazione del “lucus” e del “caput aquae Ferentinae”. Aevum 65, 39–63.
Beaumont, R.L. 2012: The date of the First Treaty between Rome and Carthage. Journal of Roman Studies 29 1, 74–86.
Bernardini, P. 2001: La battaglia del Mare sardo: una rilettura. Rivista di Studi Fenici 29 2, 135–158.
Capogrossi Colognesi, L. 2009: Storia di Roma tra diritto e potere. Bologna.
Catalano, P. 1965: Linee del sistema sovrannazionale romano. Torino.
Coarelli, F. 1983: Il Foro Romano. Periodo arcaico. Roma.
Colonna, G. 1996: L’Altorilievo di Pyrgi. Dei ed eroi greci in Etruria. Roma.
Cornell, T.J. 1995: The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000–264 BC). London–New York.
Cornell, N.J.2008: Rome and Latium to 390 BC. In: A.E. Astin, F.W. Walbank, M.W. Frederiksen, R.M. Ogilvie (eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. VII/2. The Rise of Rome to 220 B.C. Cambridge, 243–308.
Gavrilin, K.N. 2015: Iskusstvo rannego Rima i yuzhnoy Etrurii epokhi rastsveta (VI–V vv. do n.e.) po materialam koroplastiki [Art of Early Rome and Southern Etruria in the Heyday (6th–5th Centuries BC) Based on Coroplasty Materials]. Moscow.
Гаврилин, К.Н. 2015: Искусство раннего Рима и южной Этрурии эпохи расцвета (VI–V вв. до н.э.) по материалам коропластики. М.
Grandazzi, A. 1996: Identification d’une déesse: Ferentina et la ligue latine archaïque. In: Comptes-rendus des séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. Vol. 140/1, 273–294.
Gras, M. 1987: Le tempie de Diane sur l’Aventin. Revue des Études Anciennes 89, 47–61.
Gsell, St. 1913: Histoire ancienne de l’Afrique du Nord. T. I. Paris.
Green, C.M.C. 2007: Roman Religion and the Cult of Diana at Aricia. Cambridge.
Huβ, W. 1990: Die Karthager. München.
Kovalev, S.I. 1986: Istoriya Rima. Kurs lektsiy [History of Rome. Lecture Course]. Leningrad.
Ковалев, С.И. 1986: История Рима. Курс лекций. Л.
Liou-Gille, B. 1992: Une tentative de reconstitution historique: les cultes fédéraux latins de Diane aventine et de Diane Nemorensis. Parola del Passato 47, 411–438.
Mayorova, N.G. 1998: Institut fetsialov v rannem Rime [The Institute of Fetials in Early Rome]. Drevnee parvo [Ancient Law] 1 (3), 78–81.
Майорова, Н.Г. 1998: Институт фециалов в раннем Риме. Древнее право 1 (3), 78–81.
Mayorova, N.G. 2001: Kollegiya fetsialov [Collegium of Fecials]. In: L.L. Kofanov (ed.), Zhrecheskie kollegii v rannem Rime. K voprosu o stanovlenii rimskogo sakral’nogo i publichnogo prava [Priestly Collegia in Early Rome. On the Formation of Roman Sacred and Public Law]. Moscow, 142–179.
Майорова, Н.Г. 2001: Коллегия фециалов. В сб.: Л.Л. Кофанов (ред.), Жреческие коллегии в раннем Риме. К вопросу о становлении римского сакрального и публичного права. М., 142–179.
Mayorova, N.G. 2009: Rimskie fetsialy: kto oni? [Roman Fetials: Who Are They?]. In: I.S. Chichurov (ed.), Trudy kafedry drevnih yazykov [Proceedings of the Department of Ancient Languages (on the 50th Anniversary of the Department] (Proceedings of the History Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University: Iss. 15. Ser. III. Instrumenta studiorum: 6). Saint Petersburg, 58–71.
Майорова, Н.Г. 2000: Римские фециалы: кто они? В сб.: И.С. Чичуров (ред), Труды кафедры древних языков (к 50-летию кафедры) (Тр. истор. ф-та МГУ: Вып. 15. Сер. III. Instrumenta studiorum: 6). СПб., 58–71.
Martinez-Pinna, J. 2012: Observaciones sobre el origen de la liga Latina. Mediterraneo antico 15 (1–2), 409–424.
Mayak, I.L. 1971: Vzaimootnosheniya Rima i italijtsev v III–II vv. do n.e. (do grakkhanskogo dvizheniya) [Relations between Rome and the Italians in the 3rd–2nd cc. BC (before the Gracchan Movement)]. Moscow.
Маяк, И.Л. 1971: Взаимоотношения Рима и италийцев в III–II вв. до н.э. (до гракханского движения). М.
Mishulin, A.V. 1952: Antichnaya Ispaniya do ustanovleniya rimskoj provincial’noj sistemy v 197 g. do n.e. [Ancient Spain before the Establishment of the Roman Provincial System in 197 BC]. Moscow.
Мишулин, А.В. 1952: Античная Испания до установления римской провинциальной си- стемы в 197 г. до н.э. М.
Momigliano, A. 1962: Sul dies natalis del santuario federale di Diana sull’Aventino. In: Rendiconti della Accademia dei Lincei. Classe di Scienze morali, storiche e filologiche. Ser. 8/17, 387–392.
Momigliano, A. 1966: Terzo contributo alla storia degli studi classici e del mondo antico. Roma.
Momigliano, A. 1989: Roma arcaica. Firenze.
Momigliano, A. 2008: Origin of Rome. In: A.E. Astin, F.W. Walbank, M.W. Frederiksen, R.M. Ogilvie (eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. VII/2. The Rise of Rome to 220 B.C. Cambridge, 52–112.
Moscati, S. 1977: I Cartaginesi in Italia. Milano.
Mosolkin, A.V. 2009: Prekrasnyj mys i datirovka pervogo rimsko-karfagenskogo dogovora [The Beautiful Cape and the Dating of the First Roman-Carthaginian Treaty]. In: O.L. Gabelko (ed.), Politika, ideologiya, istoriopisanie v rimsko- ellinisticheskom mire: Materialy nauchnoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya professora Frenka Uil’yama Uolbanka, Kazan’, 9–11 dekabrya 2009 g. [Politics, Ideology, and Historiography in the Roman-Hellenistic World: Proceedings of the Scientific Conference Dedicated to the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Professor Frank William Walbank, Kazan, December 9–11, 2009]. Kazan.
Мосолкин, А.В. 2009: Прекрасный мыс и датировка первого римско-карфагенского договора. В сб.: О.Л. Габелко (ред.), Политика, идеология, историописание в римскоэллинистическом мире: Материалы научной конференции, посвященной 100-летию со дня рождения профессора Фрэнка Уильяма Уолбанка, Казань, 9–11 декабря 2009 г. Казань, 30–38.
Nechay, F.M. 1964: Rim i italiki [Rome and Italic Peoples]. Minsk.
Нечай, Ф.М. 1963: Рим и италики. Минск.
Oakley, S. P. 1997: A Commentary on Livy Books VI–X. Oxford.
Ogilvie, R.M. 1965: A Commentary on Livy. Books I–V. Oxford.
Penella, R.J. 1987: War, Peace and the Ius Fetiale in Livy I. Classical Philology 82/3, 233–237.
Petzold, K.-E. 1972: Die beiden römisch-karthaginische Vertäge uns das foedus Cassianum. In: H. Temporini, W. Haase (Hrgs.), Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt. I/1. Berlin– New York, 363–411.
Rich, J. 2007: Warfare and the Army in Early Rome. In: P. Erdkamp (ed.), A Companion to the Roman Army. Oxford, 7–23.
Rodríguez, J.E. 2013: Los dos primeros tratados romano-cartagineses I analisis historiográfico y context histórico. Barcelona.
Scullard, H.H. 2008: Rome and Carthage. A.E. Astin, F.W. Walbank, M.W. Frederiksen, R.M. Ogilvie (eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. VII/2. The Rise of Rome to 220 B.C. Cambridge, 522–523.
Shifman, I.Sh. 1963: Vozniknovenie Karfagenskoy derzhavy [The Emergence of the Carthaginian State]. Moscow–Leningrad.
Шифман, И.Ш. 1963: Возникновение Карфагенской державы. М.–Л.
Shifman, I.Sh. 2006: Karfagen [Carthage]. Saint Petersburg.
Шифман, И.Ш. 2006: Карфаген. СПб.
Shmeleva, L.M. 2015: Foedus Cassianum i polozhenie Rimskoy respubliki v Italii v nachale V v. do n.e. [Foedus Cassianum and the Situation of the Roman Republic in Italy at the Beginning of the 5th c. BC]. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Ser.: Gumanitarnye Nauki [Scientific Notes of Kazan University. Ser.: Humanities] 157/3, 131–140.
Шмелева, Л.М. 2015: Foedus Cassianum и положение Римской республики в Италии в начале V в. до н. э. Учен. зап. Казан. ун-та. Сер. Гуманит. науки 157/3, 131–140.
Smith, C.J. 1996: Early Rome and Latium. Economy and Society c. 1000–500 BC. Oxford.
Smith, C.J. 2007: The Religion of Archaic Rome. In: J. Rüpke (ed.), A Companion to Roman Religion. Oxford, 31–42.
Smith, C.J. 2011: Thinking about Kings. Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 54/2, 21–42.
Tokmakov, V.N. 1998: Voennaya organizatsiya Rima Ranney respubliki [Roman Military Organization during the Early Republic]. Moscow.
Токмаков, В.Н. 1998: Военная организация Рима Ранней республики. М.
Tsirkin, Yu.B. 1986: Karfagen i ego kul’tura [Carthage and its Culture]. Moscow.
Циркин, Ю.Б. 1986: Карфаген и его культура. М.
Tsirkin, Yu.B. 2001: Ot Khanaana do Karfagena [From Canaan to Carthage]. Moscow.
Циркин, Ю.Б. 2001: От Ханаана до Карфагена. М.
Tsirkin, Yu.B. 2017: Pervyy rimsko-karfagenskiy dogovor [The First Roman-Carthaginian Treaty]. In: O.L. Gabelko, A.V. Korolenkov (eds.), Punicheskie voyny: istoriya velikogo protivostoyaniya. Voennye, diplomaticheskie, ideologicheskie aspekty bor’by mezhdu Rimom i Karfagenom: kollektivnaya monografiya [Punic Wars: History of the Great Confrontation. Military, Diplomatic, Ideological Aspects of the Struggle between Rome and Carthage]. Saint Petersburg, 125–142.
Циркин, Ю.Б. 2017: Первый римско-карфагенский договор. В сб.: О.Л. Габелко, А.В. Короленков (ред.), Пунические войны: история великого противостояния. Военные, дипломатические, идеологические аспекты борьбы между Римом и Карфагеном. СПб., 125–142.
Wagner, C.G. 1999: Fenicios y púnicos en el norte de África y en el Madirerráneo occidental. In: Blazquez, J.M., Alvar, J., Wagner, C.G. Fenicios y cartagineses en el Mediterraneo. Madrid, 451–676.
Walbank, F.W. 1957: A Historical Commentary on Polybius. Vol. I. Commentary on Books I–VI. Oxford.
Wickert, L. 1938: Zu den Karthagervertragen. Klio XXXI, 349–364.
Zalesskiy, N.N. 1962: Etruski i Karfagen [Etruscans and Carthage]. In: N.V. Pigulevskaya et al. (eds.), Drevniy mir: sbornik statey v chest’ akademika V.V. Struve [The Ancient World: A Collection of Articles in Honor of Academician V.V. Struve]. Moscow.
Залесский, Н.Н.1962: Этруски и Карфаген. В сб.: Н.В. Пигулевская и др. (ред), Древ- ний мир: сборник статей в честь академика В.В. Струве. М., 520–526.
Zalesskiy, N.N. 1965: K istorii etrusskoj kolonizatsii Italii v VII-IV vv. do n. e.: Etruski v Kampanii: Etruski, greki i Karfagen v V i IV vv. do n. e. [On the History of the Etruscan Colonization of Italy in the 7th–4th cc. BC. The Etruscans in Campania. The Etruscans, Greeks, and Carthage in the 5th and 4th cc. BC]. Leningrad.
Залесский, Н.Н. 1965: К истории этрусской колонизации Италии в VII–IV вв. до н.э. Этруски в Кампании. Этруски, греки и Карфаген в V и IV вв. до н.э. Л.