Abstract
The paper deals with to the typology and chronology of narrow-necked light-clay amphorae of type “D” (C IV D). The proposed classification of amphorae includes four types. Type C IV D 1 dates back to the first quarter of the 3rd century AD, C IV D 2 – to the last quarter of the 2nd – first half of the 3rd century AD, C IV D 3 – to the last quarter of the 2nd – third quarter of the 3rd century, C IV D 4 – AD 260/270-310/320. The general evolution of C IV D type develops along the line C IV D 2–3 to C IV D 3-1 and C IV D 4-1. The existence of the considered Heraclean amphorae covers the last quarter of the 2nd – first third of the 4th century. Written sources report the defeat of Heraclea resulted one of the naval raids of the barbarian tribes in AD 264/265, which makes it possible to clarify the chronology of the amphorae. The production of amphorae C IV D 1, C IV D 2 and C IV D 3 ended before AD 264/265. On the contrary, the production of type C IV D 4, a continuation of C IV D 3, began after the events of AD 264/265 and was carried out, in all likelihood, until the first third of the 4th century. At the same time, the volume of production of amphoras C IV D after AD 264/265 sharply declined.
Keywords
Northern Black Sea region, Heraclea, Bosporus, Roman period, narrow-necked light-clay amphorae of “D” (C IV D) type, typology, chronology.
Andrey V. Sazanov
Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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