Abstract
Note IV publishes several new graffiti of Berezan, Olbia and its chora, especially homemade amulets. Note V provides an overview of some publications on graffiti from the same centers, including recent articles by the author. Note VI is dedicated to a long-known inscription from the 3rd century BC on a lead plate, which some scholars considered slander, others, including the author, considered a private letter. Recently A.V. Belousov actively developed the first point of view. The author of these notes refutes Belousov’s arguments in detail and provides evidence that this letter is connected with the vicissitudes of a certain process. Philological note VII is dedicated to the mysterious poet of the archaic era Margites and his poem of the same name, which parodies the Homeric epic. Based on the evidence of Plato, the author rejects what has been common since the 4th century BC until Late Antiquity, the opinion about the fool Margites comes to the conclusion that Margites “the fool” is a pseudonym that parodies the common epithets of Homer “wise”, “wise poet”.
Keywords
Berezan island, Olvia Pontica and its chora, graffiti, revision, private letter, Margites.
Valeriy P. Yaylenko
Independent researcher, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Audollent, A. 1904: Defixionum tabellae quotquot innotuerunt. Paris. Belousov, A.V. 2017a: To the new edition of the Olbian curse inscription IGDOP 109. In: N.N. Kazanskiy (ed.), Indoeuropeiskoe yazykoznanie i klassicheskaya filologia-XXI [Indo- European linguistics and classical philology – XXI]. Sankt Petersburg, 48–62. Belousov, A.V. 2017b: Novoe grecheskoe zaklyatie iz Nikonia [A new Greek curse inscription from Nikonion]. Aristaeas 16, 55–64. Belousov, A.V. 2020: Korpus zakliatiy pontiyskoy Olvii [Corpus of the curse inscriptions from Olbia Pontica]. Moscow. Blanco Cesteros, M. 2018: El complejo mundo de la retórica mágica: una mirada más allá de la coacción. In: Cuadernos de Filología Clásica. Estudios griegos e indoeuropeos 28. Madrid, 171–193. Blavatskiy, V.D. 1957: Nadpis’ na oblomke fasosskoy amfory [Inscription on the Thasian amphora fragment]. In: Numizmaticheskiy sbornik [Collected articles in Numismatics]. Moscow, 32–33. Boardman, J. 1968: Archaic Greek Gems. Evanston. Bravo, B. 1987: Une tablette magique d’ Olbia Pontique, les morts, les héros et les demons. In M. Détienne et autres (éds.), Poikilia. Études off ertes à J.–P. Vernant (Recherches d’ histoire et des sciences sociales, 26). Paris, 185–218. Bravo, B. 2021: Pontica Varia. Athènes. Cauer, P., Schwyzer E. 1960: Dialectorum Graecarum exempla epigraphica potiora. Hildesheim. Chantraine, P. 1974: Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque. T. 3. Paris. Chistov, D. V. 2007: Novyy complex s pozharischchem vtoroy poloviny VI veka [New complex with fire site of the second half of the 6th century BC]. In: A.I. Aybabin (ed.), Drevnosti Severnogo Prichernomoriya [Antiquities of the ancient North Pontic region]. Simferopol, 127–151. Chistov, D. 2019: Investigations on Berezan Island in 2014-2018 (Hermitage Museum Archaeological Expedition). Hyperboreus 25/1, 97–106. Chistov, D., Pavlichenko, N. 2019: Lead Letter from the Excavations of Area ‘O-Western’ at the Berezan Settlement in 2017. Hyperboreus 25/2, 259–277. Christ, W. 1890: Geschichte der griechischen Litteratur. München. Crönert, G. 1903: Memoria Graeca Herculanensis. Lipsiae. Diehl, E. 1915: A bowl with the curse inscription from Olbia. In: Izvestiya Imperatorskoy Arkheologicheskoy Komissii [Proceedings of the Imperial Archaeological Commission] 58, 40–56. Dubois, L. 1996: Inscriptions grecques dialectales d’Olbia du Pont. Genève. Dufault, O. 2017: Who Wrote Greek Curse Tablets? Humanities Commons: hcommons.org/ deposits. Efremow, N., Snytkó, I. 2004: Altgriechische Keramikstempel von den Ausgrabungen in der Wasserscheide Siversov Majak bei Olbia. Münstersche Beiträge zu antiken Handelsgeschichte XXIII/2, 1–46. Farmakovskiy, B.V. 1926: Raskopki v Olvii v 1925 godu [Excavations at Olbia in 1925]. Soobshcheniya gosudarstvennoy Akademii istorii materialnoy kultury [Communications of the State Academy of Material Culture History] 1, 171–192. Gardthausen, V. 1913: Griechische Palaeographie. Leipzig. Bd. 2. Guarducci, M. 1975: Epigrafia greca. T. 3. Roma. Guarducci, M. 1987: L’epigrafia greca dalle origini al tardo impero. Roma. Hoff mann, O. 1898: Die Griechischen Dialekte. Bd. 3. Göttingen. Hanter, R. 2006: Theocritus and the Archaeology of Greek Poetry. Cambridge. Jeff ery, L. H. 1969: The local scripts of archaic Greece. Oxford. Kibalchich, T.V. 1910: Yuzhnorusskie gemmy [Gems from the South Russia]. Berlin. Kretschmer, P. 1894: Die griechischen Vaseninschriften. Gütersloh. Mayser, E. 1923: Grammatik der griechischen Papyri aus der Ptolemäerzeit. Berolini, Lipsiae. Mikhaylov, A.D. 1976: Franzuzskiy rytsarskiy roman [A French tale of chivalry]. Moscow. Neverov, O. Ya. 1979: Gnosticheskie gemmy, perstni i amulet yuga SSSR [The Gnostic gems, rings and amulets from the South regions of the USSR]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 1, 95–103. Niederle, G. 1880: Sintaxis grecheskogo yasyka [A Syntax of Greek language]. Pt. 2. Moscow. Pape, W., Benseler, G. E. 1884: Wörterbuch der griechischen Eigennamen. Braunschweig. Pavlichenko, N.A., Chistov, D.V. 2020: Kiliki Pifeya i Deynona iz raskopok Beresani i ikh archeologicheskiy context [The Pytheas’ and Deinon’s culices from the excavations at Beresan Island and their archeological context]. Materialy po arkheologii i istorii antichnogo i srednevekovogo Severnogo Prichernomoriya [Proceedings in Archaeology and History of Ancient and Medieval Black Sea Region] 12, 887–913. Polinskaya, I. 2020: Novoe po onomastike Berezani po dannym graffiti iz raskopok 2010 goda [New data on Berezanian onomastics according graffiti from the 2010 excavations]. In D.V. Chistov et al. (eds.). Materialy Berezanskoy (Nizhnebugskoy) antichnoy arkheologicheskoy expeditsii. [Materials of the Berezanian (Low Bug-river) archaeological expedition]. Vol. 3. Sankt Petersburg, 198–204. Polinskaya, I. 2021: Inscribed ceramic bowls and other curses from classical and Hellenistic Olbia. In.: A. Faraone, I. Polinskaya (eds.), Curses in Context III: Greek Curse Tablets of the Classical and Hellenistic Periods. Athens, 135–204. Preisigke, F. 1922: Namenbuch enthaltend alle griechischen, lateinischen ... Menschennamen. Heidelberg. Rusyaeva, A.S. 2010: Graffiti Ol’vii Pontiiskoy [The Graffiti of Olbia Pontica]. Simferopol. Shebalin, N.V. 1968: K ol’viyskim gosudarstvennym drevnostyam [To the Olbian state antiquities]. In: V.F. Gaydukevich (ed.), Antichnaya istoriya i kultura Sredizemnomorya i Prichernomorya [An ancient history and culture of the Mediterranean and Pontic areas]. Leningrad, 296–299. Shevoroshkin, V.V. 1965: Issledovaniya po deshifrovke kariyskikh nadpisey [Studies in decipherment of the Carian inscriptions]. Moscow. Shkorpil, V.V. 1908: Tri svinzovye plastinki s nadpisyami iz Olvii [Three inscribed lead plaques from Olbia]. In: Izvestiya Arkheologicheskoy Komissii [Proceedings of Archaeological Commission]. Sankt Petersburg 27, 68–74. Slovar starofrantsuzskogo yazyka 1955 – V.F. Shishmarev (ed.). Slovar starofrantsuzskogo yazyka [A lexicon of the Old French language]. Moscow–Leningrad. Snytko, I.A. 2019: Olviyskiy polis na rubezhe V i IV vekov v kontexte problem sotsialno-demograficheskogo i administrativno-territorialnogo deleniya [Olbian polis near end of the 5th and beginning of the 4th century in context of the problems of social-demographic and administrative-territorial arrangement]. Chersonesskiy sbornik [Chersonesus Collection] 20, 197–214. Sobolevskiy, S.I. (eds.) 1946: Istoria grecheskoy literatury [A History of Greek Literature]. Vol. 1. Moscow–Leningrad. Solkin, V.V. 2005: Drevniy Egipet [Ancient Egypt]. Moscow. Solovyev, S.L. (ed.) 2005: Borisfen ‒ Berezan’. Arkheologicheskaya kollektsiya Ermitazha [Borysthenes – Berezan Island. Archaeological Collection in the Hermitage]. Vol. 1. Saint Petersburg. Solomonik, E.I. (ed.). 1978: Graffiti antichnogo Chersonesa [The graffiti of Ancient Chersonesus]. Kiev. Soyter, G. 1961: Griechische Humor von Homers Zeiten bis Heute. Kulturgeschichtlich interessante Texte aus drei Jahrtausendenr. Berlin. Stern, E. R. 1897: «Graffiti» na antichnykh yuzhno-russkikh sosudakh [«Graffiti» on ancient South-Russian vessels. Zapiski Odesskogo obshchestva istorii i drevnostey [Notes of the Odessa Society for History and Antiquities] 20, 163–203. Stern, E. R. 1901: Novyi epigraficheskiy material, naydennyi na yuge Rossii [New epigraphical material from the South Russia]. Zapiski Odesskogo obshchestva istorii i drevnostey [Notes of the Odessa Society for History and Antiquities] 23, 1–32. Thumb, A., Kieckers, E. 1932: Handbuch der griechischen Dialekte. Bd. 1. Heidelberg. Thumb, A., Scherer, A. 1959: Handbuch der griechischen Dialekte. Bd. 2. Heidelberg. Tolstoy, I.I. 1951: Narodnoe proiznoshenie v keramicheskoy epigrafike Severnogo Prichernomoriya [Popular pronunciation according data of ceramic epigraphy]. Proceedings of the Literature and Linguistics Department of the Academy of Sciences of USSR Х/4, 374–378. Tolstoy, I.I. 1953: Grecheskie graffiti drevnikh gorodov Severnogo Prichernomoriya [Greek graffiti of the ancient cities of the North Black Sea Region]. Leningrad. Wünsch, R. 1897. Defixionum tabellae in Attica regionem repertae. Berolini (Corpus inscriptionum Atticarum. Vol. III, 3. Appendix). Yaylenko, V.P. 1980a: Graffiti Levki, Berezani i Ol’vii [Graffiti of Leucos, Olbia and Berezan]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 2, 72–99. Yaylenko, V.P. 1980b: Graffiti Levki, Berezani i Ol’vii [Graffiti of Leucos, Olbia and Berezan]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 3, 75–116. Yaylenko, V.P. 1982: Grecheskaya kolonizatsiya VII‒III vekov do nashey ery v epigraficheskikh istochnikakh [A Greek colonization of the 7th‒3rd centuries BC according to the epigraphical sources]. Moscow. Yaylenko, V.P. 1987: Neskolko grecheskikh graffiti i “sarmatskaya” nadpis s Berezani [Some Greek graffiti and “Sarmatian” inscription from Berezan island]. In: L.A. Gindin (ed.), Antichnaya balkanistika [Ancient Balcanistics]. Moscow, 147–154. Yaylenko, V.P. 1998: Chelovek v antichnoy Olvii (ocherk sozialnoy istorii) [A man in ancient Olbia (essay in social history)]. In: L.P. Marinovich (ed.), Chelovek i obshchestvo v antichnom mire [A man and society in the Classical World]. Moscow, 91–130. Yaylenko, V.P. 2005: Magicheskie nadpisi Bospora [The magical inscriptions of the Bosporus]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 8, 459–508. Yaylenko, V.P. 2006: Posvyatitelnye graffiti Pantikapeya i okrugi [The dedicatory graffiti from Pantikapaion and its suburbs]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 9, 355–428. Yaylenko, V.P. 2010: Tysyacheletniy Bosporskiy reikh. Istoriya i epigrafika Bospora VI veka do nashey ery ‒ V veka nashey ery [A Thousand-year Bosporan Reich. A History and Epigraphy of the Bosporus in the 6th c. BC ‒ 5th c. AD]. Moscow. Yaylenko, V.P. 2017: Istoriya i epigrafika Ol’vii, Chersonesa i Bospora VII veka do nashey ery ‒ VI veka nashey ery [A history and epigraphy of Olbia, Chersonesus and the Bosporus of the 7th c. BC ‒ 6th c. AD]. Sankt Petersburg. Yaylenko, V.P. 2018: Istoriografiya i metodika raboty s drevnegrecheskimi graffiti [A historiography and methods of ancient Greek graffiti study]. Materialy po arkheologii i istorii antichnogo i srednevekovogo Kryma [Proceedings in Archaeology and History of the Ancient and Medieval Crimea] 10, 479–516 (electronic resource). Yaylenko, V.P. 2019: Epigraficheskie zametki [The epigraphical notes]. Bosporskie issledovaniya [Bosporos studies] 39, 117–209. Yaylenko, V.P. 2020a: Datirovanie i interpretatsia nadpisei Severnogo Prichernomoria IV–I vekov do n.e. , preimuschestvenno nagovorov i pisem [Dating and interpretation of inscriptions from the North Pontic Region, mainly the curse tablets and private letters]: https://www. academia.edu/48906817. Also see the web-site of Yaroslavl State University: http://elar.uniyar.ac.ru/jspui/bitstream/123456789/3683/1/Yaylenko_Datirovanie.pdf. Also the website: https://www.koob.ru/yajlenko_v_p/datirovanie_tekstologiya_interpretaciya. Yaylenko, V.P. 2020b: Stikhotvornye graffiti Bospora, Olvii, Berezani [The versed graffiti from Bosporus, Olbia, Berezan]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 25, 441–510. Yaylenko, V.P. 2020c: Zametki o tekstologii i datirovanii novoizdannykh nagovorov iz ellinisticheskoy Ol’vii [The notes on text criticizm and dating of the newly published curse inscriptions from Olbia]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 4, 24–40. Yaylenko, V.P. 2021: Novaya kniga o nagovorakh Olvii [A new book on the curse inscriptions from Olbia Pontica]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 4, 296–311. Yaylenko, V.P. 2022a: Reviziya graffiti Bospora, Chersonesa, Olvii, Berezani iz publikatsiy E.R. Shterna, I.I. Tolstogo, GLBO, svodov GAKh, GOP i dr. [Revision of the graffiti publications by E.R. Stern, I.I. Tolstoy, GLBO, corpuses GAKh, GOP etc. P. 1–112. Also see the web-site of Saratov State University: https://www.sgu.ru/sites/default/files/textdocsfiles/2022/08/17/yaylenko_2022_reviziya_na_sayt_sgu1.pdf. Yaylenko, V.P. 2022b: Zametki k svodam olviyskikh graffiti [Notes to the publications of the Olbian graffiti]. In: A.P. Medvedev (ed.), «Ot Kavkaza do Dunaya». Severnoe Prichernomor’e v antichnuyu epohu. Sbornik nauchnyh trudov k 70-letiyu professora S.Yu. Monahova [“From the Caucasus to the Danube”. Northern Black Sea region in Antiquity. Collection of papers for the 70th anniversary of Professor S.Yu. Monakhov]. Saratov, 447–495. Yaylenko, V.P. 2022c: Dannye arkhiva Odesskogo arkheologicheskogo muzeya o graffiti Berezani i Olvii [The data of archive of Odessa archeological museum on the graffiti from Berezan island and Olbia]. Web-site of Saratov State University: https://www.sgu.ru/sites/default/files/textdocsfiles/2022/02/15/yaylenko_v.p._2022_arhiv_oam.pdf Yaylenko, V P. 2022d: Reviziya izdannykh graffiti Chersonesa [Revision of the published graffiti from Chersonesos]. Chersonesskiy sbornik [Chersonesus Collection] 23, 223–245. Yaylenko, V.P. 2023: Novye drevnegrecheskie sakralnye graffiti i dipinti ostrova Berezan [New ancient Greek sacral graffiti from Berezan island]. In: E.S. Danilov (ed.), Sacralnyy mir ostrovnykh soobshschestv bronzovogo i zheleznogo vekov [The sacral world of the insular societies of the Bronze and Iron Ages]. Yaroslavl, 87–113. Yaylenko, V.P. 2023a: Tekstologiya, paleografiya, istoricheskaya perspektiva novoizdannogo pozdneellinisticheskogo nagovora iz Olvii [Text criticism, paleography, historical perspective of the newly published late Hellenistic curse inscription from Olbia Pontica]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 3, 129–162.