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A.А. Zavoykin (Moscow) – “Protothasian” Amphorae in the Stratigraphic Context of the “Upper City” of Phanagoria

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Abstract

The article examines Late Archaic Ionian amphorae (“Protothasian”), which were found during excavations at the “Upper City” of Phanagoria in stratified contexts (houses, pits) of the second half of the 6th – the first two decades of the 5th century BC. The main goal of the work was to correlate these amphorae with the current chronological schemes proposed for this group of ceramic containers. The most significant problem here is that “Protothasian” amphorae were produced not in one, but in several Ionian centers. For now, we can only say with certainty that Teos was one of these centers (Kerschner, Mommsen 2022). Recognition of this fact disavows the hypothesis about the nature of the amphora containers of this polis at the end of the 7th – first half of the 6th century BC. (Sezgin 2017). “Protothasian” amphorae in the contexts considered are represented from the founding of Phanagoria (ca. 540 BC) until the destruction of buildings in this area of the city ca. 480 BC. In the earliest contexts (540–530/20 BC) exceptionally large (approx. 20–22 l) pythoid amphorae of the ‘first and second series’ according to the classification of S.Yu. Monakhov (2003; resp. Sezgin, 2012, Ionia β3 and Ionia β1-2). Judging by the amphorae from the storage pit (No. 32) in Patraeus (Abramov 2006), in the last quarter of the 6th century BC amphorae of the ‘second series’ coexist for some time with a new type of “Protothasian” amphorae. They had a smaller volume (approx. 10–14 l) and a diff erent body shape (conical). It was these amphorae of the ‘third series’ (according to: Monakhov 2003) until the turn of the first and second quarters of the 5th century. BC are present in the imports of Phanagoria along with amphorae, which Monakhov classifies as the ‘fourth series’ (their dating is limited to the first quarter / third of the 5th century BC).

Keywords

Phanagoria, Northern Ionia, Teos, “Protothasian” amphorae, classification, chronology, stratigraphy.

Aleksey А. Zavoykin

Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

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