Abstract
The article analyses the system of synchronisms between the events of the Ancient Egyptian and the Ancient Greek past, which was present in the Greek historical writing of the Egyptian priest Manetho of Sebennytos (the 3rd century B.C.) and was intended to demonstrate the antiquity of the Egyptian civilization. One of these synchronisms is the statement that the flood of Deucalion occurred under the Egyptian king of Dynasty XVIII Misphragmouthosis (Manetho’s kings’ list as attested by George Synkellos following Africanus: Manetho. Frg. 52.6). This fi gure of Manetho’s kings’ list was regularly equated with the king Thuthmosis III, as the form of the name attested by Manetho was identifi ed with the combination of this king’s throne-name and personal name (Menkheperre Thuthmosis). The article argues that according to Manetho’s evidence preserved in the treatise On the Antiquity of the Judaean People (Against Apion) by Josephus Flavius Misphragmouthosis was also the king who expelled the Hyksos from Egypt at the start of Dynasty XVIII and corresponded to the historical Ahmose I (Manetho. Frg. 42). At the same time the Egyptian evidence (the so-called Tempest Stela, note at the backside of the mathematical papyrus Rhind) shows that the climatic event caused by the volcanic eruption at the island of Thera must have fallen at the reign of Ahmose I. Meanwhile this event is considered a major reason for the downfall of the Cretan civilization and a likely prototype to the mythological fl ood of Deucalion. It seems likely that Manetho’s synchronism refl ects the reminiscences of this event under Ahmose I, i.e. Misphragmouthosis expelling the Hyksos.
Keywords
Ancient Egypt, Manetho, Deucalion, Misphragmouthosis. Ahmose I, synchronism, fl ood, eruption, Thera, Hyksos, historiography.
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