Abstract
The article is devoted to the methodology of analysis of mass archaeological material and determining the chronology of layers and contexts of the 2nd – 4th centuries AD from the Ilyich 1 settlement on the basis of materials of 2016 excavation at the Site I. The proposed methodology consists of two main blocks. The fi rst one characterizes a ceramic context as such, including statistics on categories of fi nds (ceramics, metal, glass and bone items), functional groups (building materials, architectural ceramics, pithoi, amphorae, red slip wares, polished ware, plain dining and kitchen wares), comparison of statistics of plain and handmade wares that has special importance for Bosporus. The second block, connected with the chronology of fi nds, includes the distribution of dated fi nds into chronological groups, separation of the dating group and its subsequent analysis. The stratigraphic column obtained this way includes layers and sites of the second half of the 2nd to the fi rst half of the 3rd century AD (layer III.2), middle/ second half of the 2rd century AD (layer III.3), early to the third quarter of the 4th century (layer II.1), middle/second half of the 4th and early 5th century (layer II.2). A detailed analysis of ceramic contexts from each period is off ered. An attempt to synchronize selected complexes with the known coin hoards of the 3rd and 4th centuries AD creates a tempting opportunity to specify chronology of considered layers. In this case, the contexts of layer III.2 can be dated to the AD 240s, layer III.3 – to the AD 270s, layer II.1– to the second quarter of the 4th century and layer II.2 –to the third quarter of the 4th/early 5th century AD.
Keywords
Northern Black Sea, Ilyich 1 Settlement, Late Roman and Early Byzantine pottery, amphorae, chronology, stratigraphy, methodology of field studies.
Abramzon, M.G., Babiets, A.I. 2022: A Hoard of the Third and Fourth Centuries AD Roman Coins from the Ilyich Settlement. Problemy istorii, fi lologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 4, 184–200.
Abramzon, M.G., Bonin, A.V. 2017: Monety iz raskopok gorodishha i poseleniya Il’ichevka v 2015‒2016 gg. [Excavation coins from the fortifi ed settlement Il’ichevka (2015–2016 seasons)]. Problemy istorii, fi lologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 3, 392–430.
Alekseeva, E.M. 1997: Antichnyy gorod Gorgippiya [Gorgippia, the ancient city]. Moscow.
Arsen’eva T.M., Domżalski K. 2002. Late Roman red slip pottery from Tanais. Eurasia Antiqua 8, 415–491.
Arsenyeva, T.M., Naumenko, S.A. 1992: Usad’by Tanaisa [The estates of Tanais]. Moscow.
Arsenyeva, T.M., Naumenko, S.A. 1993: Kompleks nakhodok iz podvala MB II–III vv. n. e. [A complex of fi nds from the Basement MB of the 2nd – 3rd centuries AD]. Vestnik Tanaisa [Bulletin of Tanais] 1, 61–113.
Arsenyeva, T.M., Naumenko, S.A. 2001: Raskopki Tanaisa v centre vostochnoy chasti gorodishcha [Excavations of Tanais in the center of the eastern part of the settlement]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 4, 56–124.
Arsenyeva, T.M., Ilyashenko, S.M., Naumenko, S.A. 2009: Novye zakrytye kompleksy Tanaisa II i III vv. n.e. [New Closed Complexes of Tanais of the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 13, 38–78.
Bezeczky, T. 2013: The Amphorae of Roman Ephesus. Wien.
Bezeczky, T. 2021: Ephesus wines. In: Roman Amphora Contents: Refl ecting on the Maritime Trade of Foodstuff s in Antiquity (In honour of Miguel Beltrán Lloris): Proceedings of the Roman Amphora Contents International Interactive Conference (RACIIC) (Cadiz, 5–7 October 2015). Oxford, 377–388.
Böttger, B. 1982: Die Gefasskeramik aus dem Kastell Iatrus. In: Iatrus-Krivina. Spatantike Befestigung und fruhmittelalterliche Siedlung and der unteren Donau. Bd. II. Berlin, 33–148.
Doroshko, V.V. 2019: Goncharnye kuvshiny rimskogo vremeni s bikonicheskim tulovom na vysokom poddone: k voprosu o vremeni i meste proizvodstva [Roman time pottery jugs with biconical body on a high pallet: to the issue of time and the place of production]. In: Istoricheskie, kul’turnye, mezhnatsional’nye, religioznye i politicheskie svyazi Kryma so Sredizemnomorskim regionom i stranami Vostoka: Materialy konferentsii [Historical, cultural, interethnic, religious and political relations of Crimea with the Mediterranean region and the Orient: Conference Proceedings] Vol. 1. Мoscow, 82–86.
Doroshko, V.V., Doroshko, O.P. 2018: Ranniy veshchevoy kompleks punkta rimskogo voennogo bazirovaniya na vysote Suzdal’skaya [Early material complex of the Roman military point at the Suzdal height]. In: V.N. Zinko (ed.), Bospor Kimmeriyskiy i varvarskij mir v period antichnosti i srednevekov’ya. Traditsii i innovatsii. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii [The Cimmerian Bosporus and the Barbarian World in the Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Traditions and Innovations. Materials of the International Scientifi c Conference]. (XIX Bosporskie chteniya [XIX Bosporan readings]). Simferopol–Kerch, 128–134.
Doroshko, O.P. 2021: Kukhonnaya goncharnaya posuda rimskogo vremeni iz yuzhnogo sektora na vysote Suzdal’skaya (issledovaniya 2009, 2012, 2017–2018 gg.) [Kitchen pottery of the Roman times from the southern sector at Suzdal’skaya Heights (2009, 2012, 2017–2018 seasons)]. In: Antichnye relikvii Khersonesa: Otkrytiya, Nakhodki, Teorii. Materialy nauchnoy konferentsii. Sevastopol, 20–24 sentyabrya 2021 goda [Antique Relics of Chersonesus: Discoveries, Findings, Theories. Materials of the Scientifi c Conference. Sevastopol, September 20–24, 2021]. Sevastopol, 94–99.
Gavrilyuk, N.A. 2013: Lepnaya keramika prichernomorskikh pamyatnikov Evropeyskogo Bospora I–IV vv. n.e. [Handmade pottery of the Black Sea sites of the European Bosporus in the 1st –4th centuries AD]. Tavrіys’kі studії [Taurian Studies] 1(4), 43–50.
Gavrilyuk, N.A., Molev, E.A. 2018: Lepnaya keramika iz ob’ektov i sloev III–VI vv. n.e. bosporskogo goroda Kiteya [Handmade pottery from objects and layers of the 3rd – 6th centuries AD of the Bosporan city oa Kytaion]. Problemy istorii, fi lologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 3, 60–72.
Golenko, V.K. 2007: Drevniy Kimmerik i ego okruga [Ancient Kimmerik and its vicinity]. Simferopol.
Golofast, L.A. 2001: Steklo rannevizantiyskogo Khersonesa [Glass of Early Byzantine Chersonesus]. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografi i Tavrii [Materials on Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria] VIII, 96–260.
Golofast, L.A. 2010: Amfornaya tara iz raskopok zol’nika rimskogo vremeni u podnozhiya gory Mitridat v Kerchi [Amphorae from excavations at the Roman cinder at the foot of the Mt Mithridates in Kerch]. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografi i Tavrii [Materials on Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria] XVI, 82–139.
Golofast, L.A. 2013: Prostaya goncharnaya keramika iz raskopok zol’nika rimskogo vremeni u podnozhiya gory Mitridat v Kerchi [Plain pottery from excavations at the Roman cinder at the foot of Mt Mithridates in Kerch]. Bosporskie issledovaniya [Bosporos Studies] 28, 207–228.
Hayes, J. W. 1985: Sigillatа Pontica. In: Enciclopedia dell’arte antica classica e orientale. Atlante delle forme ceramiche II. Ceramica ine romana nel bacino mediterraneo (tardo ellenismo e primo impero). Rome, 92–96.
Ilyashenko, S.M. 2013: Standartnye dipinti na uzkogorlykh svetloglinyanykh amforakh Tanaisa i ego okrugi III–IV vv. n.e. [Standard dipinti on the narrow-necked light clay amphorae of Tanais and its outskirts of the 3rd and 4th centuries AD]. Simferopol–Kerch.
Kassab Tezgör, D. 2010: Typologie des amphores sinopéennes entre les IIe–IIIe s. et le VIe s. ap. J.-C. Varia Anatolica XXII, 121–140.
Kassab Tezgör, D. 2021.Corpus des amphores romaines produites dans les centres de mer Noire (Collections des musées de la côte turque de la mer Noire (Ereğli, Amasra, Sinop, Samsun, Giresun, Ordu, Trabzon et Amasya). Oxford.
Kastanayan, E.G. 1981: Lepnaya keramika bosporskikh gorodov [Handmade pottery of the Bosporan cities]. Leningrad.
Klenina, E.Yu. 2004: Keramicheskie sosudy II–III vv. n.e. iz usadby “Bliznetsy” [Ceramic vessels of the 2nd–3rd centuries AD from the estate “Bliznetsy”]. Poznan.
Krapivina, V.V. 1993: Ol’viya. Material’naya kul’tura I–IV vv. n.e. [Olbia. The material culture of the 1st – 4th centuries AD]. Kiev.
Krapivina, V.V. 2010: Amphorae of the 3rd–4th centuries A.D. in Olbia Pontica. Varia Anatolica XXI, 69–73.
Kropotov, V.V. 1998: Svitloglinyani vuz’kogorli amfori “Inkermans’kogo” tipu [Narrow-necked light clay amphorae of the “Inkerman” type]. Arkheologiya [Archaeology] 4, 128–134.
Kuzishchin, V.I., Ivanchik, A.I. 1998: “Usad’ba Basilidov” v okrestnostyakh Chersonesa Tavricheskogo [The “Basilids’ homestead” in the vicinity of Taurian Chersonesus]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 1, 205–233.
Lang, М. 1955: Dated Jars of Early Imperial Times. Hesperia 24, 277–285.
Lysenko, A.V., Yurochkin, V.Y. 2004: Nekropol’ Pantikapeya-Bospora (po materialam issledovaniy 2000–2002 gg.) [The Necropolis of Panticapaeum-Bosporus (materials of 2000–2002 seasons)]. In: “O drevnostyax Yuzhnogo berega Kryma i gor Tavricheskikh”. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov (po materialam konferentsii v chest’ 210-letiya so dnya rozhdeniya Petra Ivanovicha Keppena) [In “About antiquities of the South Coast of Crimea and Taurian Mountains”. Collection of scientifi c papers (based on the materials of the conference in honor of the 210th anniversary of the birth of Peter Ivanovich Keppen)]. Kiev, 94–166.
Magomedov, B.V. 1987: Chernyakhovskaya kul’tura severo-zapadnogo Prichernomor’ya [Chernyakhov culture of the north-western Black Sea region]. Kiev.
Magomedov, B.V. 1991: Kamenka-Anchekrak: poselenie chernyakhovskoy kul’tury [Kamenka- Anchekrak: a settlement of the Chernyakhov culture]. Kiev.
Magomedov, B. 2011: Zum Forschungsstand der Drehscheibenkeramik in der Černjachov-Kultur. In: J. Bemmann, M. Hegewisch, M. Meyer, M. Schmauder (Hrsg.), Drehscheibentöpferei im Barbaricum – Technologietransfer und Professionalisierung eines Handwerks am Rande des Römischen Imperiums. Bonn, 373–381.
Monakhov, S.Yu. 2003: Grecheskie amfory v Prichernomor’e. Tipologiya amfor vedushchikh centrov-eksporterov tovarov v keramicheskoy tare: Katalog-opredelitel’[Greek amphorae in the Black Sea region. Typology of amphorae of the leading centers-exporters of goods in ceramic containers: A catalogue. Moscow–Saratov.
Morais, R. 2005: From Oppidvm to Dives Bracara: The city trade through the amphorae. In: J.M. Gurt Esparraguera, J. Buxeda i Garrigós, M.A. Cau Ontiveros (eds.), LRCW 1. Late Roman Coarse Wares, Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean: Archaeology and Archaeometry. Oxford, 55–67. (BAR IS 1340).
Naumenko, S.A. 2006: Amfory iz zakrytykh kompleksov Tanaisa serediny III v. n.e. [Amphorae from the closed complexes of Tanais of the mid-3rd century AD]. In: Materialy Pervoy Abkhazskoy mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii [Materials of the First Abkhaz International Conference]. Sukhum, 261–267.
Naumenko, S.A. 2012: Sostav amfor v zakrytykh kompleksakh Tanaisa kontsza I – serediny III vv. n.e. [The composition of amphorae in the closed complexes of Tanais of the end 1st – mid-3rd centure AD]. Vestnik Tanaisa [Bulletin of Tanais] 3, 63–88.
Naumenko, S.A. 2017: Torgovye svyazi Tanaisa s Pontiyskim regionom [Trade relations of Tanais with the Pontic region]. Vestnik Tanaisa [Bulletin of Tanais] 4, 22–31.
Naumenko, S.A. 2019: Pozdneantichnyy Tanais i ego amfory [Late Antique Tanais and its amphorae]. Vestnik Tanaisa [Bulletin of Tanais] 5, 86–101.
Negru, M., Badescu, A., Avram, R. 2003: Kapitän II amphorae in Roman Dacia. Rei Cretariæ Romanæ favtorvm Acta 38, 209–214.
Nemtsev, S.O. 2012: K probleme khronologicheskoy klassifi katsii “Kolpachkovykh” nozhek amfor Chiosa IV v. do n.e. [On the Problem of Chronological Classifi cation of the “Cap” bottoms of Chian Amphorae of the 4th century BC]. Bosporskie issledovaniya [Bosporos Studies] 26, 255–274.
Nessel, V.A. 2003: Krasnolakovaya keramika iz mogil’nika Kilen-balka [Red-slipped pottery from the Kilen-balka burial ground]. Khersonesskiy sbornik [Chersonesus Collection] XII, 107–123.
Opaiţ, A. 1996: Aspecte ale vietii economice din provincia Scythia (secolele IV–VI p. Chr.) Productia ceramicii locale si de import. Bucuresti.
Opaiţ, A. 2004: Local and Imported Ceramics in the Roman Province of Scythia (4th–6th Centuries AD). Oxford. (BAR IS 1274).
Opaiţ, A. 2010: On the origin of Carthage LR Amphora 1. In: LRCW3 Late Roman Coarse Wares, Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean: Archaeology and archaeometry. Comparison between western and eastern Mediterranean. Vol. II. Oxford, 1015–1022. (BAR IS 2185).
Puzdrovskiy, A.E., Zaytsev, Yu.P., Nenevolya, I. I. 2001: Novye pamyatniki III–IV vv. n.e. v yugo- zapadnom Krymu [New sites of the third and fourth centuries AD in the South-Western Crimea]. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografi i Tavrii [Materials on Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria] VIII, 32–50.
Remolà, J.A. 2000. Las ánforas tardo-antiguas en Tarraco (Hispania Tarraconensis). Barcelona. (Colección Instrumenta 7).
Samoylova, T.L. 1978: Osnovnye tipy amfor І–IV vv. n. e. iz Tiry [The main types of amphorae of the 1st – 4th centuries AD from Tyras]. In: Arkheologicheskie issledovaniya Severo-Zapadnogo Prichernomor’ya [Archaeological Studies of the North-Western Black Sea Region]. Kiev, 261–266.
Sazanov, A.V. 1989: O khronologii Bospora rannevizantiyskogo vremeni [On the chronology of the Bosporus of early Byzantine times], SA 4, 41–60.
Sazanov, A.V. 1993: Pozdnie tipy uzkogorlykh svetloglinyanykh amfor [Late types of narrownecked light-clay amphorae]. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografi i Tavrii [Materials on Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria] III, 16–22, 350–355.
Sazanov, A.V. 1999: Keramicheskie kompleksy Severnogo Prichernomorya vtoroy poloviny IV–V vv. [Pottery contexts of the Northern Black Sea region of the second half of the 4th– 5th centuries AD]. Problemy istorii, fi lologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] VII, 224–293.
Sazanov, A.V. 2000: Keramicheskie kompleksy Bospora 570–580 gg. [Pottery contexts of the Bosporus dated to AD 570–580]. DB 3 [Antiquities of the Bosporus], 221–259
Sazanov, A.V. 2008: K metodike issledovaniya srednevekovogo Chersona [To the Research Methodology of Medieval Cherson]. Arkheologia [Archaeology] 4, 76–93.
Sazanov, A.V. 2011: Pozdnie tipy uzkogorlykh svetloglinyanykh amfor i problemy khronologii Bospora pozdnerimskogo vremeni [Late types of narrow-necked light clay amphorae and problems of the chronology of the Bosporus of the late Roman time]. In: Trudy III (XIX) Vserossiyskogo arkheologicheskogo s’ezda [Proceedings of the III (XIX) All-Russian Archaeological Congress]. Vol. I. St Petersburg–Nizhny Novgorod, 325–327.
Sazanov, A.V. 2012: Aziatskiy Bospor v pozdnerimskoe vremya [Asiatic Bosporus in late Roman time]. In: ISEUM: Sbornik statej, posvyashhennykh istorii, religii i kul’ture Drevnego mira [ISEUM: Collected Articles on History, Religion and Culture of the Ancient World]. Moscow, 120–181.
Sazanov, A.V. 2012a: Khronologiya amfor mirmekiyskogo tipa (Zeest 72 – Bottger I.5) rimskogo vremeni [Chronology of amphorae of the Myrmekion type (Zeest 72 – Bottger I.5) of the Roman period]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 16, 321–347.
Sazanov, A.V. 2019: John William Hayes i ego “Late Roman Pottery”: 47 ans après [John William Hayes and his “Late Roman Potterya”: 47 ans après]. In: Istoricheskie, kul’turnye, mezhnatsional’nye, religioznye i politicheskie. svyazi Kryma so Sredizemnomorskim regionom i stranami Vostoka: materialy III Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii [Historical, cultural, interethnic, religious and political relations of the Crimea with the Mediterranean region and the countries of the East: Proceedings of the III International Scientifi c Conference]. Vol. 1. Moscow, 233–241.
Sazanov, A.V. 2022: Amfory S SNP I: problemy tipologii i khronologii [Amphorae C SNP I: Problems of typology and chronology]. Problemy istorii, fi lologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 1, 90–144.
Sazanov, A.V., Ivashhenko, Yu.F. 1989: K voprosu o datirovkax pozdneantichnykh sloev gorodov Bospora [On the dating of the late antique layers of the Bosporan cities]. Sovetskaya arkheologiya [Soviet Archaeology] 1, 84–102.
Sharov, O.V. 2007: Keramicheskiy kompleks nekropolya Chatyr-Dag. Khronologiya kompleksov s rimskimi importami [Ceramic complex of the Chatyr-Dag necropolis. Chronology of complexes with Roman imports]. Saint Petersburg.
Shelov, D.B. 1972: Tanais i nizhniy Don v pervye veka nashey ery [Tanais and the Lower Don in the fi rst centuries of our era]. Moscow.
Vagalinski, L.F. 2002: Izl’skana keramika ot I nachalo na VII vek Yuzhno ot Dolen Dunav (B’lgariya) [Molded pottery from the 1st – early 7th century from south of the Lower Danube (Bulgaria]. Sofi a.
Vlasov, V.P., Smokotina, A.V., Khrapunov, I.N. 2011: Kul’turnyy sloy na mogil’nike Neyzatsz [Cultural layer at the Neyzatz necropolis]. In: Issledovaniya mogil’nika Neyzatsz [Studies of the Neyzatz Necropolis]. Simferopol, 179–249.
Vnukov, S.Yu. 2003: Prichernomorskie amfory I v. do n.e.. – II v. n.e. (morfologiya) [Black Sea amphoras of the 1st century BC – 2nd century AD (morphology)]. Moscow.
Vnukov, S. 2010: Sinopean Amphorae of the Roman Period. ACSS 16, 361–370.
Vnukov, S.Yu. 2016: Eshhe raz o tipologii, evolyutsii i khronologii svetloglinyanykh (pozdnegerakleyskikh) uzkogorlykh amfor [Once again about the typology, evolution and chronology of light-clay (Late Heracleian) narrow-necked amphorae]. Rossiyskaya arkheologiya [Russian Archaeology] 2, 36–47.
Weimarn, E.V. 1963: Arkheologicheskie raboty v rayone Inkermana [Archaeological works in the Inkerman area]. In: Arlheologicheskie pamyatniki UkSSR [Archaeological sites of the Ukrainian SSR] 13, 15–89.
Yurochkin, V.Yu., Zubarev, V.G. 2001: Kompleks s monetami IV veka iz raskopok gorodishhe Belinskoe [A complex with coins of the 4th century AD from excavations at the Belinskoe settlement]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 4, 454–473.
Yurochkin, V.Y., Trufanov, A.A. 2003: Pozdneantichnyy pogrebal’nyy kompleks v nizov’yakh reki Kachi [Late Antique funeral complex in the lower reaches of the Kachi River]. Chersonessskiy sbornik [Chersonesus Collection] XII, 199–225.
Zaytsev, Yu.P. 1997: Okhrannye issledovaniya v Simferopol’skom, Belogorskom, Bakhchisarayskom rayonakh [Resque researches in Simferopol, Belogorsky, Bakhchisaraysky districts]. Arkheologicheskie issledovaniya v Krymu. 1994 g. [1994 Archaeological Studies in the Crimea], 102–116.
Zaytsev, Yu.P., Mordvintseva, V.I. 2003: Issledovanie mogil’nika u s. Suvorovo v 2001 g. [Excavations at the necropolis near the village of Suvorovo in 2001], Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografi i Tavrii [Materials on Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria] X, 57–77.
Zavoykin, A.A. 2013: Amfory Khiosa v kontekste istorii Fanagorii [Chian Amphorae in the context of the history of Phanagoria]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 17, 132–152.
Zavoykin, A.A., Zavoykina, N.V. 2017: Il’ichevskaya krepost’ i ee obitateli [Ilyich Fortress and its inhabitants]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 21, 122–153.
Zeest, I. B. 1957: Pantikapeyskaya keramika sarmatskogo vremeni [Panticapaean pottery of the Sarmatian time]. In: Panticapaeum (Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR [Materials and Research on Archaeology of the USSR] 56). Moscow, 139–159.
Zeest, I.B. 1960: Keramicheskaya tara Bospora [Ceramic containers of the Bosporus] (Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR [Materials and Research on Archaeology of the USSR] 83. Moscow.
Zhuravlev, D. V. 2001: K voprosu o kleymakh planta pedis na rimskoy keramike [Stamps of planta pedis on the Roman pottery]. In: ANAXARSIS. Pamyati Yuriya Germanovicha Vinogradova. [ANAXARSIS. In: Memory of Yuri Germanovich Vinogradov (Chersonesskiy sbornik [Chersonesus Collection] XI). Sevastopol, 90–99.
Zhuravlev, D.V. 2010: Krasnolakovaya keramika Yugo-Zapadnogo Kryma pervykh vekov n.e. (po materialam pozdneskifskikh nekropoley Bel’bekskoy doliny) [Terra sigillata of the Southwestern Crimea of the fi rst centuries AD (on the materials of the Late Scythian necropolises of the Belbek valley)]. (Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografi i Tavrii [Materials on Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria]. Suppl. 9]. Simferopol.
Zubarev, V.G. 2002: Nekotorye voprosy pozdneantichnoy istorii Evropeyskogo Bospora po rezul’tatam raskopok gorodishha u sela “Belinskoe” [Some questions of the late Antique history of the European Bosporus based on the results of excavations at the settlement near the village of “Belinskoe”]. Drevnosti Bospora [Antiquities of the Bosporus] 5, 120–132.
Zubarev, V.G. 2005: Vozmozhnosti ispol’zovaniya amfornykh innovatsiy pri datirovanii sloyov i kompleksov poseleniy (iz praktiki raskopok gorodishha “Belinskoe”) [Possibilities of using amphora innovations while the dating of layers and complexes of settlements (from the practice of excavation at the settlement of “Belinskoe”)]. Bosporskie issledovaniya [Bosporos Studies] X, 80–89.