Abstract
The article is devoted to the classifi cation and chronology of the C Snp I amphorae by D. Kassab Tezgör’s typology, corresponding to the Type Zeest-100. There is no doubt that Sinope produced C Snp I amphorae during the fi rst half of the 4th century, and they circulate in the mid-second half of the 4th/early 5th century. Their presence in later contexts is due to mixed ones (residual fragments). C Snp I class amphorae are divided into two types: C Snp I-1 and C Snp I-2, produced in the same workshops. C Snp I-1, which is not “impurity from below”, is found in contexts dating to the fi rst half of the 4th century, the second half of the 4th century and the fi rst third of the 5th century. It is clear that the amphorae in question derive from the Late Sinope B Snp I and B Snp II. Within each of the types a detailed typology has been developed, including both the typology of the whole forms and the profi le fragments. The analysis of the contexts shows that type C Snp I-1 can be dated from the beginning to the third quarter of the 4th century (time of production) with the end of the cycle in the fi rst third of the 5th century (time of withdrawal from circulation). Amphorae of C Snp I-2 type date from the fi rst quarter of the 4th century (after the beginning of C Snp I-1 production) to the end of the third quarter of the 4th century with the end of the cycle in the fi rst half of the 5th century (time of withdrawal from circulation). For some time in the second half of the 4th century, type C Snp I-1 continues to be produced, being replaced by the characteristic type C Snp II with an elongated neck and type C Snp III, as recorded also by pottery excavations in Demirci.
Keywords
Early Byzantine amphorae, Sinope, typology, chronology, C Snp I amphorae, Demirci, Northern Black Sea.
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