HISTORY
ANCIENT HISTORY, THE MIDDLE AGES, ARCHAEOLOGY
ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME
G. Karavaev (Moscow) — Genealogy and prosopography of the senior line of ClaudiI Nero [p. 19-26]
ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL ORIENT
PREHISTORY
MESOAMERICA
E. V. Novoselova (Moscow) — Bernabe Cobo’s account of Inca Dynastic Myths [p. 100-107]
MODERN HISTORY
RUSSIAN HISTORY
PHILOLOGY
LITERARY CRITICISM
N. L. Senkina (Moscow) — Merchant’s Theme in «A Tale of a Certain Covetous Merchant» [p. 234-238]
G. A. Mudunova (Makhachkala) — Folklore motives in the works of Abakar Mudunov [p. 253-256]
LINGUISTICS
М. N. Sayenko (Rostov-on-Don) — Repeated Innovations in the Swadesh List [p. 290-296]
CULTURE
ETHNOLOGY
G. Salikhov (Ufa) — Knowledge of Stars in the Traditional Bashkir Culture [p. 336-343]
ART CRITICISM
M. L. Akhmadullin (Ufa) — Honwan Typography [p. 355-364]
THE FOREIGN POLICY OF ATHENS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 5th CENTURY BC IN THE LIGHT OF THE TRAGEDIES OF AESCHYLUS
M. V. Ponikarovskaya
The article examines the way the characteristic features of the foreign policy of the Athenian state in the first half of the 5th century BC (the claims of Athens for hegemony in the Hellenistic world and the extension of their influence in other regions) are reflected in the tragedies of Aeschylus, and the drama “The Eumenides”.
Key words: Aeschylus, “The Eumenides”, the foreign policy of Athens, the 5th century BC
THE CAMPAIGN OF THE 356 BC AS AN EXAMPLE OF PHILLIP II GENERALSHIP
A. A. Kleymenov
Phillip’s military campaign of the 356 BC against the Balkan rulers of antimacedonian coalition is under consideration in the article. To counter this alliance, later joined by Athens, the Macedonian king attacked in two different directions simultaneously. Due to the separation of military forces in two independent armies Philip managed in a short time to win over the Illyrians and peons, to capture the city Potidaea, which was nesseccary to conclude a treaty of alliance with Olynthus and as well as to control Crenidae — an important centre of precious metals output.
Key words: Philip II, Olynthus, Potidaea, Crenidae
GENEALOGY AND PROSOPOGRAPHY OF THE SENIOR LINE OF CLAUDII NERO
G. Karavaev
The article examines the genealogy of all known descendants of the second Roman princeps Tiberius. With the use of the narrative, epigraphic and numismatic data the kinship of the senior line of this family is studied. The great role of a dynastic transfer of power by the first princeps of Rome as well as the importance of the related accessories to the Roman aristocracy is noted.
Key words: Ancient Rome, the Julio-Claudian dynasty, the Principate, genealogy, prosopography
THE PROBLEM OF STATE FORMATION IN ANCIENT ISRAEL (the second half of the 11th — the first half of the 10th century BC) IN RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN HISTORIOGRAPHY
A. A. Gorokhov
The article deals with the formation of the early state in ancient Israel (the second half of the 11th — the first half of the 10th century BC) in Russian and foreign historiography of Ancient Near East. It considers the main factors and laws of social development, contributing to the formation of the state of Israel. This process finished with the change of segmental society in ethno-religious union of the Jewish tribes in the first chiefdom Saul and then in the early state of David.
Key words: segmental society, chiefdom, Saul, early statehood, David, historiography, urbanization, social-stratification
CERAMICS OF THE LATE 8th — 9th CENTURY AD FROM NORTHERN TOKHARISTAN
V. S. Solovyev
The article is devoted to the ceramics of the 8th — 9th century AD that was found by the author during the excavations of the settlements Shurobkurgan and Dabilkurgan in Southern Uzbekistan in 2009–2013. It gives the idea of the level of the region’s ceramics production after the Arab conquest. It was produced under the strong infl uence of Nishapur ceramics.
Key words: Shurobkurgan, Dabilkurgan, excavations, ceramics
THE HISTORY OF WOMEN’S MONASTICISM IN THE EARLY BYZANTINE EAST (EGYPT)
A. Yu. Ryshkovskaya, N. N. Bolgov
The paper gives a general outline of the early history of women’s monasticism in early Byzantine Egypt. On the basis of written sources, it is clear that the beginning of women’s monasticism is associated with Pahomian tradition. The “double” and independent convents are distinguished. The authors underline that the individual female anahoretism could hardly exist and seems to be a hagiographic stamp. An interesting phenomenon of “no sex” and women’s leave for men’s monasteries under the guise of men is depicted. In the 5th century AD female monasticism spread to other areas of Early Byzantium.
Key words: monk, female, Egypt, Monastery, asceticism, the abbot, the community
THE EVOLUTION AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE MOTIF OF CURLED BEAST IN THE EASTERN-EUROPEAN SCYTHIAN ANIMAL STYLE
A. R. Kantorovich
The motif of a curled beast of prey is one of the key themes of the Scythian-Siberian animal style. On the basis of morphological images classification and chronology of relevant funerary complexes the author identifies and describes 9 iconographical types involving all currently known images of curled predator of the 7th — 4th centuries BC of the Eastern-European local zone of the Scythian-Siberian animal style (in total 66 original images). Based on this typology two principal diochronic trends in the implementation of this motif are differentiated. The author raises the questions concerning the origin of the motif in the Scythian-Siberian animal style as a whole and in its Eastern-European zone version.
Key words: Eastern-European Scythian animal style, motif of curled beast of prey
BERNABE COBO’S ACCOUNT OF INCA DYNASTIC MYTHS
E. V. Novoselova
The article analyzes the reports of the 17th century chronicler Bernabe Cobo about myths devoted to the Incas’ origin. Based on a comparison with other chronicles, conclusions about the origin of some versions of the myth, stated by Cobo, and the impact of official Inca propaganda on them, are made.
Key words: Incas, early states, the Spanish chronicles, propaganda, sovereignty
THE ANALYSIS OF THE COMPLEX OF HIEROGLYPHIC INSCRIPTIONS OF “THE INITIAL SERIES BUILDING”, SHCALUMKIN (YUCATAN, MEXICO)
F. S. Galeev
This article is dedicated to the analysis of the complex of hieroglyphic inscriptions of the “Initial Series Building”, settlement Shcalumkin (Yucatan, Mexico). In the study it became possible to make conclusions about the presence of a special system of political organization in this center. Namely, the presence of the sahale’s dynasty transmitted through the male line from father to son is unique not only for the texts of the Northern Yucatan, but also for the entire Maya region.
Key words: Mexico, Yucatan, Shcalumkin, Mayan epigraphy
THE ROLE AND PLACE OF THE NAVAL ACT OF 1916 IN U. S. FOREIGN POLICY
V. S. Chernyaev
On the basis of documents and scientific analysis of work the author investigates the maritime policy of the United States during the period of neutrality in the First World War. The paper analyzes the basic ideological principles of maritime policy and the key stages of the naval act of 1916. The U. S. Navy wanted to build a fleet that would be closer to the most powerful navy in the world or would be equal. This naval act was one of the biggest steps to achieve their goal.
Key words: dreadnought, naval policy, 1916 naval act, the U. S. Navy
“I DON’T READ THE LETTERS BECAUSE I AM ILLITERATE” (THE BIOGRAPHY OF THE OPRICHNIK ROMAN VASILYEV SON ALFERYEV)
A. L. Korzinin
The article deals with the life of a well- known and outstanding figure of the ruling of Ivan the Terrible, the magistrates, guardsman, printer and the member of the Tsar court. Using the archival and published sources, the latest literature, the author reconstructs Roman Vasilyevich Alferyev’s biography on the background of the internal political events of the Russian state of the second half of the 16th century.
Key words: Ivan IV the Terrible, social history, Tsar court, oprichnina
EDWARD DANIEL CLARK’S BAKHCHISARAY: THE EAST, RUSSIA AND THE CRIMEA
N. I. Khrapunov
The famous British traveller E. D. Clark visited Bakhchisaray on July 31 - August 1, 1800. He was able to collect a variety of facts about the local people, their occupations, lifestyle, customs, architecture and landscaping of their town. Based on these materials he expressed his view of the consequences of the Crimea annexation to Russia. This plot allows one to specify a number of aspects that come out in the study of Clark’s book as a historical source.
Key words: imaginary geography, travel notes, the Crimea, Edward Daniel Clark
THE ATTITUDE OF RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH’S CLERGY TO THE FIRST WORLD WAR (based on materials of Tobolsk diocese)
P. V. Belous
This article aims to examine the main roots of the First World War, its essence and meaning by Russian Orthodox Church’s clergymen as well as tracking changes in attitudes of the clergy during 1914–1918. It covers patriotic enthusiasm of the fi rst year of the war and its decline in 1916, February and October revolutions, the Brest peace and the civil war in the first half of 1918.
Key words: Russian Orthodox Church, the clergy, the First World War, Tobolsk diocese, February revolution, the October Revolution, the Civil War
PASSPORT SYSTEM OF THE URBAN POPULATION OF THE USSR IN THE 1930s
M. N. Potemkina, I. V. Kuznetsova
The article analyzes the causes, mechanism and results of the certification of the urban population of the USSR in the 1930s. The authors identify the strategy of people’s behavior and their perception of passports. It is proved that the government used the certification mechanism for the certification and fixing the artificial structuring of society.
Key words: history of Stalinism, passport system, registration, migration
SOVIET CITIZENS AND FOREIGN EXPERTS: SOCIAL AND LIVING CONDITIONS IN THE NEW INDUSTRIAL CENTER (based on reports of Magnitogorsk 1930s)
N. N. Makarova, N. V. Chernova
This article examines the social conditions of life of the various categories of the population of the new industrial center - the city of Magnitogorsk in the years of the first five-year plans, when the emphasis was made on forcing the construction of a metallurgical plant , and the living conditions of the ordinary townspeople remained in the background. Relying on this feature of Magnitostroi conditions, the authors have attempted to analyze the lives of Soviet citizens and foreigners in comparison. This article is based on different types of historical sourc es (clerical documentation, sources of personal origin, periodicals), which allow to analyze not only the offi cial point of view on the life of various categories of the population of the city, but also to “hear” the voices of ordinary steel plant builders and the city.
Key words: history of everyday life, industrialization, Magnitogorsk, life, foreign experts
THE SWEDISH VOLUNTEER CORPS IN A SOVIET-FINNISH WAR OF 1939–1940 AS AN EXAMPLE OF SWEDEN-FINLAND CLOSE RELATIONS
A. B. Gekht
This article discusses some aspects of the Swedish Volunteer Corps’ creation and activities. The Swedish Volunteer Corps took part in the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939–1940 on Finland’s side. Despite the fact of a small duration of this war, the Swedish Volunteer Corps became a symbol of a special, very close relationship between Sweden and Finland.
Key words: The Swedish Volunteer Corps, the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939–1940
THE PROBLEM OF PRESERVING NATIONAL THEATRICAL ART OF KARELIA IN 1950s — THE FIRST HALF OF 1960s
V. Shorohova
On the basis of analysis of archival sources the author of the article investigates the implementation policy of public funding for the arts reduction and national peculiarities of Soviet culture obliteration. A successful struggle of Karelian creative intelligence for the preservation and development of Finnish language culture of the region is under consideration of the author.
Key words: Finnish-speaking culture, public funding of art, creative intelligence
THE BEGINNING OF THE GENESIS OF THE SINO-VIETNAMESE CONFLICT IN 1979 AND THE SOVIET PERIODICALS
A. G. Dorozhkin
The article is devoted to the reflection of Sino-Vietnamese relations in the reports of the Russian News Agency TASS and the Soviet press in 1977. It is pointed out that this subject had not been covered by the Soviet print media up to the beginning of 1978 while the correspondence of TASS sent to Moscow stated the increasing tension and progressive deterioration of the relations between yesterday “fraternal countries”. Therefore, the author made an attempt to explain the restrained tone of the Soviet periodicals on the issue, which was widely covered by the Soviet propaganda some years later.
Key words: TASS, correspondence, Vietnam, China, Maoism, propaganda
STRUCTURE OF THE HAGIOGRAPHICAL INTRODUCTIONS IN THE BYZANTINE TRADITION
E. A. Yepifanova
The article is devoted to the composition of the introductions in the Byzantine hagiographical tradition. The Byzantine introductions to the lives of the St. Sabbus the Priest, Gregory of Akragas and the St. John Chrysostom were materials for the research. The purpose of the research is the identification of typological features and differences in these texts. The attention is focused on the peculiarities of the composition.
Key words: life, introduction, canon, theme, structure
“PIITICHESKAYA IGRUSHKA” (1829) BY N.M.: THE DETECTION OF CLASSIC TECHNIQUES
T. E. Abramzon
The article investigates a literary trifle — «Piiticheskaya igrushka» signed with the initials N. M. belonging presumably to Nikolai Markevich. Being an example of a poetic joke spread in Pushkin’s time, it is a set of poetic verses for creating love poems. The book of the satirical kind is also the fact of literary criticism: it includes the main toposes of gallant classic poesy, showing the decayed statue of the 18th century poetic form and content.
Key words: “Piiticheskaya igrushka”, a literary game, Classicism, Romanticism, parody
PHENOMENON OF THE PRE-CLASSIC SYNCRETISM IN THE INTERPRETATIONS OF THE AUTHORS OF MAGAZINES «RUSSIAN LITERATURE» AND «PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES»
A. A. Kirpichnikova
The article deals with points of view of the authors of magazines “Russian Literature” and “Philological Sciences” on Russian literature late 17th — early 18th century. It is concluded that main features of Russian literature of the period of Pre-classicism are combination of features of the Baroque and Classicism, transitivity and so on. Moreover, it is detected how Pre-classicism differs from Classicism.
Key words: Pre-classicism, transitivity, magazines “Russian Literature” and “Philological Sciences” modelling
MERCHANT’S THEME IN «A TALE OF A CERTAIN COVETOUS MERCHANT»
N. L. Senkina
The article is devoted to presenting of the merchant’s theme in Old Russian belletristic tales, and in more detail — in the “Tale about a covetous merchant” (the end of the 17th — the beginning of the 18th century.). The only way to salvation of the avid merchant’s soul become works of charity of his relatives. This interpretation of unrighteous life of a merchant in the mainstream of old Russian book tradition is combined with entertaining folklore plots of the travel of skomorokh in hell.
Key words: Old Russian fi ction novel, the image of the merchant in the literature, being a skomorokh
THE ROLE OF A. A. POTEBNI AND N. S. TRUBETZKOY’S HERITAGE IN THE RESEARCH OF ORIENTAL ELEMENTS OF «RUSSIAN CULTURAL ZONE»
I. Pachai
The article is devoted to the role of the great scientists A.A.Potebni and N. S. Trubetzkoy in the investigation of complex and insufficiently known problems of Slavic Studies. Issues related to the nature of the eastern Russian culture and language are at the focus of the new discipline of linguistics, as evidenced by the work published since the end of the 20th century. In the study of the complex range of issues A. A. Potebni and N. S. Trubeckoy’s works gave an important support and confirmed the validity of the direction of our research. The authors of the article found Eastern parallels of the language model of the world, including Russian phraseological units. Along with the linguistic facts various oriental motifs of Russian folklore emerged.
Key words: “Russian cultural zone”, oriental character, Russian culture, Russian folk speech, cultural linguistics
FOLKLORE MOTIVES IN THE WORKS OF ABAKAR MUDUNOV
G. A. Mudunova
The article reveals folklore motives in the works of Lak writer Abakar Mudunov, the writer’s use of folklore as consciously applied art technique in order to enrich the ideological and national complex literary narrative of the system.
Key word: literature, folklore motives, Lak prose
ABDULLAH OMAROV AND HIS ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LAK-RUSSIAN LANGUAGE CONTACTS
P. Sh. Chalaeva
The article is devoted to Abdullah Omarov, the scholar-Arabist and ethnographer, and his role in the development of Lak-Russian language contacts.
Key words: Lak-Russian language contacts, Abdullah Omarov
THE IDIOM COMPONENT «ALLAH», «TENGRI», «KHUDAI» IN THE LITERARY TEXTS BY YANYBAY KHAMMATOV
A. M. Ishegulova
The article discusses the work of the famous Bashkir writer Yanybaj Khammatov from positions of in anthropological linguistics. On the material of literary texts the author the phraseological units that occupe a specific place in the structure of linguistic personality of Yanybaj Khammatov.
Key words: linguistic personality of a writer, the language of literary works, idioms
BASHKIR MYTHOLOGICAL EPIC “URAL-BATYR” (HISTORY OF THE RESEARCH AND POPULARIZATION)
G. V. Yuldybaeva
The article is devoted to the research and popularization of the Bashkir folk epic “Uralbatyr.” Bashkir folk epic is of great interest and is the top of the mythopoetic creation of the Bashkir people, the outstanding work of the world epic, as well as a valuable source for comparative study of the mythology of the peoples of the world.
Key words: kubair, epic, folklore, mythology, research
«THE OPPOSITION «NATIVE» — «FOREIGN» IN THE STRUCTURE OF СYCLE STORIES OF E. D. AIPIN «THE TIME OF RAIN»
Y. A. Tsimbalova
The unity of the cycle «The time of rains» is provided with the situation of meeting of opposites embodied in E. D. Aipin’s characters. This clash of Khanty (traditional) and foreign language (post-industrial) type outlook expresses the author’s attempt to realize the place of the Khanty people in the modern world.
Key words: traditional culture, short story, cycle, opposition «us and them», situation of meeting
A. I. SOLZHENITSYN AND A. D. SAKHAROV: A DISCUSSION AROUND «THE LETTER TO THE LEADERS OF THE SOVIET UNION»
E. V. Surovtseva
In the context of a special epistolary genre — the genre of “Letters to the Leader” — we analyze A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s letter declaration “The letter to the leaders of the Soviet Union” and A. I. Solzhenitsyn and A. D. Sakharov’s dispute around this text.
Key words: epistolary literature, “a Letter to the Leader”, Russian literature, censorship, literature and power, A. I. Solzhenitsyn, A. D. Sakharov
«SOME METHODS OF LANGUAGE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL-SEMANTIC FIELD OF THE CONCEPT «AUTHOR» IN THE NOVEL M. A. BULGAKOV «THE MASTER AND MARGARITA»
J. V. Stepanova
The article is devoted to one of actual problems of cognitive linguistics - concept studying, in particular, the concept “Author” in the novel of M. A. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”. Field approach is applied to achieve the purpose. Allocated lexical units from the novel are distributed on macrofields, fields and microfields forming a lexical-semantic network. All levels of the fields (macro and micro) are connected by the paradigmatic relations, forming a cognitive space of a concept “Author”.
Key words: concept, macrofield, microfield, semantic field
REPEATED INNOVATIONS IN THE SWADESH LIST
М. N. Sayenko
The article is an attempt to determine the extent of such a thing as re-innovation could possibly have on lexicostatical calculations and the extent they could prevent the use of lexicostatics for calculating the decay time of the proto-language. The research is based on the materials of the Slavic, Baltic, Germanic, Romance and Celtic languages.
Key words: lexicostatistics, Slavic languages, Baltic languages, Germanic languages, Romance languages, Celtic languages
THE NOMINATIVE FIELD OF THE MODUS CONCEPT «SUPPOSITION» IN THE GERMAN LINGUISTIC VIEW OF THE WORLD
M. V. Gremitskaya
Categorizing, conceptualizing and interpretation of fragments of reality lead to the formation of concepts. The concept «supposition» is a modus concept in the linguistic category of possibility. The means of representation of this concept in the German linguistic view of the world can be embodied as the components of the nominative field.
Key words: modus concept, supposition, interpretation, nominative fi eld, representative
METHODS OF STUDYING SEMANTICS OF THE SECOND NOMINATION LANGUAGE UNITS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
N. N. Kostina, N. N. Zerkina
This article is devoted to the selection and analysis of different methods of studying semantics of the second nomination language units such as phraseological and abbreviational units.
Key words: method, language unit, semantics, phraseological unit, abbreviational unit
APHORISMS AS FOLKLORE OF THE INTELLECTUAL ELITE IN RUSSIAN AND AMERICAN LINGUISTIC WORLDVIEW (EVIDENCE FROM THE CONCEPT “ATTITUDE TO WORK”)
T. A. Ostrovskay
The article deals with cross-cultural study of the attitude towards work and labour conveyed by means of aphorisms in Russia and in the United States. The linguistic characteristic of the aphorisms is given to show the specific features of the world mapping.
Keywords: elite, work & labor, cross-cultural study, aphorisms, world view
LINGUIISTIC VIEW OF THE WORLD AND EVERYDAY THINKING
S. A. Pesina, A. V. Yurchenko
Integrative approach to language research should consider the results of philosophical and cultural investigations in the fi eld of linguistic perception of the world that takes into account national specifi cs of a single language. The language world (everyday or scientifi c) is the result of processing information about the surrounding world and people.
Key words: focus of linguistic picture of the world, everyday thinking, scientific concepts, cultural linguistics
THE STRUCTURAL AND CONTENT ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE CONTACT PHENOMENON AS LINGVOCULTURAL
T. N. Lomteva, S. V. Pakharenko
The article deals with language contacts as a result of globalization processes. The narrow (required bilingualism) and wide (cross-language communication) interpretation of this linguocultural phenomenon is given.
Key words: language contact; bilingualism; linguistic and sociolinguistic approaches towards bilingualism; borrow-words; doublets
PARADIGMATIC VARIATION OF EXISTENTIAL SENTENCE MODELS IN THE TUVINIAN LANGUAGE
N. Ch. Sereedar
The paper deals with the analysis of the grammar meaning of elementary simple existence sentences in the Tuvinian language. The role of the link is shown for the past and future tenses. The past tense can be presented by the dative case form of the localizer in link-less sentences. The present tense is expressed by the zero link. The features of auxiliary verbs are found. Under consideration are the expressions of tense meanings and attendant model or other shades in specific types of sentences. The ways of tense expression are described. The author shows that the localizer’s case varies with the tense in the existence sentences.
Key words: elementary simple sentences, model, paradigm, existential sentences, predicates, tense, past tense, present tense, future tense, links
THE CONQUEST OF THE POLICY СULTURE: THE PROBLEM OF THE CRISIS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY OF RUSSIA
E. A. Blagorodova
This article discusses the mechanism of formation of national identity at the collective level. Based on the concept of Al. Meluchi the study analyses the cultural policy as an opportunity to overcome the crisis of national identity.
Key words: culture, identity, crisis, nation, politics
KNOWLEDGE OF STARS IN THE TRADITIONAL BASHKIR CULTURE
G. Salikhov
In the article knowledge and national conceptions of Bashkirs about stars are investigated. The Turkic peoples including Bashkirs, since ancient times have attached special significance to this knowledge and put it into practice. The study benefited from archival documents, published monographs, articles, collections of folklore and field Trials. For a comparative analysis use was made of the parallels drawn from the folklore of other Turkic peoples and widely used examples of the famous Turkic literary monuments, including the Divan lugat it-Turk by Mahmud Kashgarly, Kutadu Bilik of Yusuf Balasaguni, Kissa-i Yusuf by Kul Gali. The analysis shows existence in antiquity among the Bashkir of once developed system of knowledge of celestial bodies, that partially has reached up to now. Knowledge of stars and planets, originating in the depth of history, played large role in spiritual life and economic and household activity of the people.
Key words: Bashkir traditional culture, cosmogony, national calendar, Bashkir ethnography, Bashkir names
DOMESTIC EDITIONS OF «PICTURESQUE TRAVELS» PUBLISHED DURING THE END OF THE 18th CENTURY TO THE 1ST HALF OF THE 19th, AS EXAMPLES OF THE AESTHETIC OF «PITTORESQUE»
A. A. Bezgubova
The aim of this research has been to examine of the corpus of domestic illustrated editions from the end of the 18th century to the first half of the 19th century, in so far as they reflect the general features of the West-European aesthetic phenomenon as captured by the title “picturesque travels”. This aesthetic originates from the second half of the 18th century and influenced European visual art of subsequent decades through the 1st half of the 19th century. This study begins as a theoretical excursus into the history of the notion of “picturesque” with representative samples drawn from “picturesque travels” from French and English publications. These could be the patterns for similar Russian book art in this category of print documents. This research classifies the Russian issues both by periods of publication and by the character of the editions (scientific and literary). The book-art under study is drawn from the books by P. Pallas, I. Kruzenstern on scientific expeditions and on the works of the artists A. Martinov, P. Svinjin, G. Gagarin. All demonstrate the adoption of the European aesthetic of the “picturesque travels”. By the turn of the 19th century, this genre had become an important component of the educated Russian readers’ visual culture as many acquired this aesthetic from the book art in Russian album editions and other literary descriptions of travels.
Key words: picturesque travels; the history of Russian book; Russian illustration; Russian graphic arts; voyage pittoresque; European printing art
HONWAN TYPOGRAPHY
M. L. Akhmadullin
Dealing with a traditional example of a design element of Arabic book named Honwan, the author examines the history of its use in printed materials of the Volga and the Urals, from the 18th to the 20th century. The article refl ects the evolution of handwriting Honwana in the visualization element of Arabic printed products of the region.
Key words: Honwan, typography, аrabic font, design