Abstract
The paper is the first publication of a hoard of 157 Pantikapaion copper coins dated to the second quarter of the 3rd century BC, found in 1986 near the hamlet Usatova Balka in the outskirts of Anapa. The coins came in the Anapa Archaeological Museum. The assemblage belongs to the group of hoards of the period of the monetary crisis on the Bosporus, in which the basis is the Pantikapaion degraded copper coins with Pan/bow and arrow, ПАN (SNG BM I 900– 905). The 1986 hoard almost entirely consists of such coins, half of which belongs to the fi nal stage of degradation. The hoard was concealed, apparently, closer to the date of the Gorgippian great fi re in the mid – 3rd century BC. The catastrophe in Gorgippia led to the devastation of her chore, ruining of some estates, and the concealment of hoards including those two from Hellenistic settlements near the hamlet of Usatova Balka.
Keywords
Bosporus, Gorgippia, Usatova Balka, coin hoards, monetary circulation, monetary crisis of the 3rd century BC, Anapa Archaeological Museum
Abramzon, M.G. 2011: Korpus bosporskikh kladov antichnykh monet. T. II. Klady iz novych postupleniy v Kerchenskiy istoriko-kul’turnyy zapovednik (2009–2010 gg.) [A corpus of the Bosporan hoards of ancient coins. Vol. II. Hoards from new arrivals in the Kerch Historical and Cultural Reserve (2009–2010)] (Bosporskie issledovaniya [Bosporos Studies]. Suppl. 7). Simferopol–Kerch.
Abramzon, M.G., Frolova, N.A. 2007–2008: Korpus bosporskikh kladov antichnykh monet. T. I (1834–2005 gg.) [A corpus of the Bosporan hoards of ancient coins. Vol. I (1834–2005)] (Bosporskie issledovaniya [Bosporos Studies]. Suppl. 2). Simferopol–Kerch.
Abramzon, M.G., Frolova, N.A., Kulikov, A.V. 2008: Klad pantikapeyskikh mednykh monet III v. do n.e. iz Mirmekiya (2002 g.) [A hoard of Pantikapaion copper coins of the 3rd c. BC from Myrmekion (2002)]. Rossiysskaya arkheologiya [Russian Archaeology] 1, 73–87.
Abramzon, M.G., Kovalenko, M.A., Sudarev, N.I. 2011: Dva klada bosporskikh monet s antichnogo poseleniya «Usatova balka 3» (2011 g.) [Two hoards of Bosporan coins from the antique Settlement “Usatova Balka 3” (2011)]. Problemy istorii, fi lologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies] 4, 146–165.
Alekseeva, E.M. 1978: Otchet o rabote Anapskoy ekspeditsii 1978 g. [Report on the work of the Anapa Mission in 1978]. Archive of the IA RAS]. R‒1. Nos. 7411, 7411a.
Alekseeva, E.M. 1980: K izucheniyu sel’skikh poseleniy vokrug Gorgippii [A study of rural settlements around Gorgippia]. In: I.T. Kruglikova (ed.), Gorgippiya. Malerialy Anapskoy ekspeditsii [Gorgippia. Materials of the Anapa expedition]. I. Krasnodar, 18–50.
Alekseeva, E.M. 1997: Antichnyy gorod Gorgippiya [The ancient town Gorgippia]. Moscow.
Alekseeva, E.M. 2010: Gorgippia. In: G.M. Bongard-Levin, V.D. Kuznetsov (eds.), Antichnoe nasledie Kubani [Antique heritage of Kuban’]. Moscow, 470–509.
Anokhin, V.A. 2011: Monetnoe delo Bospora [The Coinage of the Bosporus]. Kiev.
Krayneva, A.A. 2012: Otchet o provedenii okhranno-spasatel’nykh arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy na ob’ekte arkheologicheskogo naslediya «Poselenie i gruntovyy mogil’nik “Usatova Balka‒4 Anapa”», raspolozhennom v zone stroitel’stva «PS-220 kV “Buzhora” s zakhodami v VL 220 kV» v g. Anapa Krasnodarskogo kraya v 2011 g. [Report on the 2011 salvage archaeological works at the site of “Settlement and necropolis of Usatova Balka-4” and Anapa (Krasnodar Territory)]. Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, RAS. R‒1. List 1. Book 43. Nos 29935‒29936.
Lyutsenko, E.E. 1880: Kerch’ i Taman’. Nekotorye svedeniya o denezhnykh kladakh, naydennykh v poslednee vremya na Kerchenskom i Tamanskom poluostrovakh, a takzhe na Yuge Rossii [Kerch and Taman. Some information on coin hoards recently found in the Kerch and Taman peninsulas and in the South of Russia] (Manuscript). In: Abramzon, M.G., Frolova, N.A. 2007–2008, 580‒596.
Marchenko, I.I. 1996: The Siraki of the Kuban. Krasnodar.
Nesterenko, N.D. 1981: Klady Gorgippii [Hoards from Gorgippia]. Kratkie Soobshcheniya Instituta Arkheologii [Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology] 168, 85–87.
Novichikhin, А.М. 2012: Otchet ob arkheologicheskikh razvedkakh v okrestostyakh p. Usatova Balka Anapskogo sel’skogo okruga goroda-kurorta Anapa v 2009 g. [Report on the 2009 archaeological fi eldworks in the outskirts of the village of Usatova Balka (Anapa rural district of the city-resort Anapa)]. Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, RAS. R‒1. No. 36620.
Saprykin, S.Yu. 2001: Neopublikovannaya epitafi ya iz Gorgippii [An unpublished epitaph from Gorgippia]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 1, 190‒194.
Shelov, D.B. 1956: Monetnoe delo Bospora VI‒II vv. do n.e. [The Coinage of the Bosporus in the 6th–2nd centuries BC]. Moscow.
Sudarev, N.I. 2011: Otchet ob okhrannykh arkheologicheskikh rabotakh (razvedkakh) na territorii goroda-kurorta Anapa, Temryukskogo i Krymskogo rayonov Krasnodarskogo kraya v 2010 g. [Report on the 2010 salvage archaeological fi eldworks in Anapa, Temryuk and Krymsky districts of the Krasnodar Territory]. Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, RAS. R‒1. Nos. 28892–28896.
Zakharov, V.A. 1979: Klad pantikapeyskikh monet iz sovkhoza «Pravoberezhnyy» (predvaritel’naya publikatsiya) [A hoard of Pantikapaion coins from the state farm of “Pravoberezhnyy” (A preliminary report)]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 3, 84–86.