Abstract
The article deals with a number of epigraphic (No. 1 – a record about the donation to the temples; No. 2 – an ownership inscription; No. 3 – an accounting sheet, No. 4 – a dedication) and sculptural (No. 5 – a fragment of the grave anthemius) evidence for the foundation of Phanagoria in the fi rst half of the 6th century BC. The crock of the Chian amphora bearing the graffi to No. 1 dates back to the fi rst half of the 6th century BC, and its letter is clearly older than the votive of Sonos of Panticapaeum dated to the beginning of the third quarter of the 6th century BC. The inscription No. 2 is written on the vessel which is similar to another one found on Mount of Mithridates in the layer of the early 6th century BC, and its print is typical for the fi rst half of the century. The letters like No. 3 are known on the Bosporus by the inscription of the Minyida on the oinochoe before the mid-6th century. No. 4 on the vessel of the first half of the 6th century BC is recorded in the Ionian area from the fourth quarter of the 7th century BC. The anthemius’ palmetto with only one curving petal (No. 5) has direct analogies in Ionia before the mid-6th century BC. If it was brought from there, its date cannot be different. If it was made on the Bosporus, then, taking into account the preservation of the earliest forms of plastics on the periphery, which is longer than in the center, the tombstone dates back to the third quarter of the 6th century BC. The author also analyzes Zhebelev's hypothesis about the foundation of Phanagoria and concludes that it was deduced artifi cially and outdated, and Arrian, to whom he refers, mistakenly combined information about the two waves of immigrants in this apoikia.
Keywords
Phanagoria, Bosporus, apoikia, apoikoi, epoikoi, graffi to, script, letters, palmette, data
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