HISTORY

ANCIENT HISTORY

ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME

I. V. Vostrikov (Kazan) — Athenian Patriotism and Functioning of Ephebeia’s Institution [p.3-10]

A. V. Vasilyev (St. Petersburg) — Deformations in the System of the Roman Magistracies in Time of the Second Punic War (218–201 BC) [p.10-21]

U. B. Tsirkin (St. Petersburg) — Gaius Flaminius [p.21-41]

A. A. Pavlov (Syktyvkar) — Plebeian Tribunes in the “Roman Questions” by Plutarch [p.42-48]

A. V. Kargaltsev (St. Peterburg) — The Life of Tertullian and His Ecclesiological Views [p.48-57]

E. A. Mekhamadiev (St. Petersburg) — Military unit of the Angrivarii, the “Veronese manuscript” (Laterculus Veronensis) and the invasion of Alaric in Italy: on the Question of the Date of the Late Roman Inscription from Augsburg [p.57-74]

Round table ‘‘Cristianity in the Antiquity and Early Middle Ages: Problems of Study of Sources’’

A. D. Panteleev (St. Petersburg) — Christian Martyrdom in the Context of the Roman Spectacles [p.75-89]

A. V. Karaseva (Ivanovo) — Poisoned Spring or On Earlier and “New” Translation of Arnobius [p.89-101]

A. M. Bolgova (Belgorod) — Procopius of Gaza: Rhetorician and Theologian [p.101-107]

THE BLACK SEA REGION

N. Sheiko (Kiev) — Pergamum and Ephesus Type Lamps from Olbia (Import and Local Replicas) [p.108-123]

THE ANCIENT ORIENT

R. A. Orekhov (Moscow) — Circumcision in Ancient Egypt — Ritual Interpretation from the Stand Point of Middle Eastern and African Traditions [p.124-141]

G. A. Koshelenko, V. A. Gaibov (Moscow) — Hellenistic East: Colonization of the Upper Satrapies (Scales, Dynamics, Character) [p.141-175]

PREHISTORY

S. V. Sotnikova (Tobolsk) — On the Question of Pair Horses Burials in the Bronze Age Chariot Cultures: the Reconstruction of Rituals and Performances (Evidances of Monuments of Sintashta and Petrovka Types) [p.176-189]

MESOAMERICA

I. A. Savchenko (Moscow) — On the Issue of the Structure of the Ancient Mayan Settlement in Southeastern Petén (Guatemala), the 7th — 9th centuries AD [p.190-196]

MODERN HISTORY

K. Y. Mogarychev (Simpheropol) — Marseilles Assassination (1934) in Perception of Ukrainian Public in Poland and USA (on Material of Newspapers “Dilo” and “Svoboda”) [p.197-202]

HISTORY OF SCIENCE

E. D. Zilivinskaya, A. S. Smirnov (Moscow) — The First Excavations in the City-Site Selitrennoye in Astrakhan Province [p.203-211]

IN WORLD MUSEUMS

М. G. Abramzon (Magnitogorsk), N. А. Frolova (Moscow) — Coins of Ancient Sicily in the State Historical Museum [p.212-245]

PHILOLOGY

LITERARY CRITICISM

T. A. Alfer’eva (Berezovsky) — «Person» as a Category of Women’s Selfconsciousness in Russian Prose at the end of the 17th — the early 18th century [p.246-254]

O. V. Timashova (Saratov) — Comedy “The Divide” (1853) in an Early Dramatic System by A. F. Pisemsky and in the Context of the Journal “Sovremennik” [p.255-264]

O. V. Akhmadrakhimova (Ufa) — Russian Language Alternatives of Bashkir Folk Epic “Zayatulyak and Hyuhylu” [p.264-268]

LINGUISTICS

A. A. Yelistratov (Chelyabinsk) — Contrastive Study of Some Features of the Language Game in Youth Jargon (on English and Russian Language Material) [p.269-277]

V. Yu. Steshevich (Moscow) — The 3rd Person Imperatives in Russian and Serbian Languages [p.277-285]

D. D. Suleymanova (Ufa) — About the Phoneme [R] in Turkic-Basque Correspondences [p.285-291]

Ma Tsin (Moscow) — Analysis of Representative of Concept Wisdom in Russian Language [p.291-294]

M. O. Izhyk (Kiev) — Etymological Components of Malagasy Native Language [p.294-299]

CULTURE

ETHNOLOGY

V. V. Medvedev (Magnitogorsk) — A Bridge in Traditional Life of the Chuvashi [p.300-308]

I. R. Atnagulov (Magnitogorsk) — To the Issue of Ethnogeneses and Periodization of the Nagaibaks History [p.309-318]

I. R. Atnagulov (Magnitogorsk) — Cattle Breeding of the Nagaibaks in the Second Part of the 19th — the early 20th century [p.318-323]

A. A. Yarzutkina (Anadyr) — Shopkeepers From a Number of Native Inhabitants of Chukotka in the End of the 19th — the early 20th century: Micro-Historical Reconstructions [p.324-332]

V. S. Efimov, A. V. Lapteva, U. S. Borisova (Novosibirsk) Problems of the Sakha People Ethnic Identity Reproduction (on the Ethno-Sociological Research Materials in Sakha Yakutia Republic) [p.333-349]

I. V. Octyabrskaya, E. V. Antropov (Novosibirsk) — Modern Ethno-Social Processes in the Development of Novosibirsk and Novosibirsk Region in the Context of Migration [p.349-]

M. V. Borisova (Novosibirsk) Theory and practice of interculturalism in the Modern World [p.367-374]

CRITICAL AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS

S. G. Shulezhkova (Magnitogorsk) — V T. Bondarenko. Reply Replicas in Russian Dialogical Speech: Vocabulary. Tula, 2013 [p.375-378]

SCIENTIFIC EVENTS

I. R. Atnagulov (Magnitogorsk) — Regional Scientific-Practical Conference ‘‘Ethnic Processes in the South Ural’’ (Magnitogorsk, April 30, 2014) [p.379-381]

ATHENIAN PATRIOTISM AND FUNCTIONING OF EPHEBEIA’S INSTITUTION

I. V. Vostrikov

The article deals with the nature and peculiarities of patriotic education as an educational component of the Athenian ephebeia. The conclusion is made that despite changes in ephebeia (the appearance of intellectual education, lack of necessary training of the army), patriotic education preserved its value up to the 2nd century BC.

Key words: Athens, ephebeia, patriotic education

DEFORMATIONS IN THE SYSTEM OF THE ROMAN MAGISTRACIES IN TIME OF THE SECOND PUNIC WAR (218–201 BC)

A. V. Vasilyev

The paper deals with the most signifi cant changes in the practice of functioning of the roman magistracies in time of the Hannibalic War. Among them there are examined breaking of the traditional cursus honorum, violations connected with the dictatorships of the wartime, extraordinary Spanish commands and several others. Tracing these deformations the author comes to the conclusion that later on the Roman state was unable to eliminate some of them and it became one of the factors of the future crisis of the republican state system.

Key words: Rome, republic, magistracies, the Second Punic war, imperium, empire

GAIUS FLAMINIUS

U. B. Tsirkin

The article deals with political biography of Gaius Flaminius.On its basis the conclusion on global confrontation between Flaminius and the Senate on almost each step of his career is drawn out. The Senate hated Flaminius as a parvenu and this fact found the refl ection in ancient historiography, where Flaminius used popular dissatisfaction of Roman citizens in his political career. Flaminius career itself shows the presence of political signifi cance of Roman people after I Punic War period.

Key words: tribune, Senate, Roman people, agrarian law, Roman expansion

PLEBEIAN TRIBUNES IN THE “ROMAN QUESTIONS” BY PLUTARCH

A. A. Pavlov

The article is devoted to the analysis of Plutarch’ concept of the plebeian tribunate what he presented in his antiquarian work «Roman questions». Plutarch’ estimation of the tribunate is populist. His position is relative with those of Latin antiquarians who consider tribunate as a plebeian magistracy (Verrius Flaccus). In his opinion, tribunate cardinally differs from magistratus cum imperio: the authority of tribunes has a different nature (in relation to magistratus), their main purpose is to protect from magistracy, they possess the sacral nature distinct from magistratus; tribunes possess both negative and positive powers. Plutarch closely coordinates functional differences of the tribunate to their other social nature.

Key words: Plutarch, “Roman questions”, tribunes of the plebs

THE LIFE OF TERTULLIAN AND HIS ECCLESIOLOGICAL VIEWS

A. V. Kargaltsev

The article studies problematic points in the Tertullian’s biography and development of his ecclesiological views. The author concludes that his rupture with the Church and passion to montanism infl uenced a little his ecclesiological understanding, whereas the “new prophecy” was taken as a general model for reorganization of the Christian community.

Key words: North Africa, ecclesiology, early Christianity, Tertullian

MILITARY UNIT OF THE ANGRIVARII, THE “VERONESE MANUSCRIPT” (LATERCULUS VERONENSIS) AND THE INVASION OF ALARIC IN ITALY: ON THE QUESTION OF THE DATE OF THE LATE ROMAN INSCRIPTION FROM AUGSBURG

E. A. Mekhamadiev

Late Roman inscription from Augsburg mentioning military unit of the Angrivarii until recently was the only evidence of the existence of the military unit, recruited from the members of this Germanic tribe. Basing on a very little information about Augsburg monument, R. Sharf dated its erection to the AD 430, linking this solemn altar with a victory over the tribe of the Yutungi by West Roman commander Aecius in Rhaetia. Nevertheless, the new Latin epitaph of Roman Salonae (Dalmatia, Croatian shore of Adriatic) allows us to date the Augsburg monument to a completely different time gap and, moreover, gives us the opportunity to restore the main stages of the history of the military unit of the Angrivarii. Comparison of the text of Salonae epitaph with other sources (letters by Ambrosius, poems by Claudianus, the offi cial imperial correspondence, a number of other epigraphic monuments) allowed the author to conclude that the dedicatory monument from Augsburg refl ects the problems of West Roman military policy in the beginning of the 5th century AD, and, therefore, can be dated to the end AD 401, on the eve of the invasion of the Alaric’s Goths to Italy.

Key words: Augsburg, Salonae, Dalmatia, Rhaetia, epitaph, dedication, Alaric, the Angrivarii, the Franks, the Goths

CHRISTIAN MARTYRDOM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ROMAN SPECTACLES

A. D. Panteleev

The aim of the article is the analysis of the Christian Martyrdom in the context of the Roman games. Modern researchers have taken different approaches to the study and interpretation of the world of amphitheatres and arena, but they are in agreement that these bloody games had a great value as an institution of social integration which formed and supported the Roman identity. Criminal, who was condemned to death, became a part of the arena and his humiliating punishment meant the restoration of order and justice. These mechanisms had to act against Christians, but in reality the Roman authorities met with the fact that the model established punishment of offenders «turned out» by Christians and turned into a means of destroying the Roman order. This led to the fact that since the middle of the 3rd century AD Roman magistrates sought to short courts and fast execution of Christians to prevent concourse of spectators.

Key words: Ancient Rome, Roman Empire, Christianity, spectacles, trial, execution, martyrdom

POISONED SPRING OR ON EARLIER AND “NEW” TRANSLATION OF ARNOBIUS

A. V. Karaseva

The article discusses some problems of the translation of classical authors of the Late Antiquity into modern Russian. While aims of translation are to produce new improved variant in conformity with modern classical studies just as much to give the opportunity for those who are interested in ancient history but have no linguistic training, the translator ought to answer exacting demands. Some translations of Latin classical texts made by Russian scientists in the 19th–20th centuries can be used even now after some correcting including the use of modern Russian. However some modern translations of old Latin texts are wide open to criticism. Thus V. M. Tjulenev (professor of Ivanovo State University) published the translation of the Book II. 14-32 of Arnobius’ Adversus Nationes as his own new one. In reality, it is based on the translation by N. M. Drosdov made in 1917, and more than that V. M. Tjulenev worsened it because of misunderstandings and even mistakes in Latin. So in the case of “translation” by V. M. Tjulenev we have not only worsened variant of the text of Latin author in Russian but the example to imitate: Tjulenev’s post-graduate student and follower V. N. Solntzeva also declared the fragment of N. M. Drosdov’s translation as her own

Key words: translation, Arnobius, V. M. Tjulenev

PROCOPIUS OF GAZA: RHETORICIAN AND THEOLOGIAN

A. M. Bolgova

The paper deals with the heritage of great Gaza scholar of the 6th century AD, Procopius. It stands out two different parts: Antique and Christian. The fi rst part is a rhetorical exercise, eulogies, letters. Second one is his comments (catenae) to the Bible. We note the rapid surge of interest in Procopius’ heritage in foreign science since the beginning of this century. In Russia there are no special works on Procopius or translations of his work.

Key words: Procopius of Gaza, heritage, historiography

PERGAMUM AND EPHESUS TYPE LAMPS FROM OLBIA (IMPORT AND LOCAL REPLICAS)

N. Sheiko

In the article, series of lamps and their fragments of the 3rd century BC — the 1st century AD with elements of various ornaments, from the excavations in Olbia, are analyzed. The wares are of gray-, yellow- and red clay examples with different covering. The form of the body of lamps is typical for Hellenistic period — biconical and rounded, on the low tray. The vast majority of the fragments are imported types from Ephesus and Pergamum. Moreover, the collection includes local Olbian replicas of lamps, which differ by clay composition and lack of covering. In addition, learning by example of certain forms the question of production technology of these wares is examined.

Key words: lamps, Olbia, Hellenism

CIRCUMCISION IN ANCIENT EGYPT — RITUAL INTERPRETATION FROM THE STAND POINT OF MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN TRADITIONS

R. A. Orekhov

The author aims to interpret the complex ancient Egyptian institution of circumcision on the basis of Middle Eastern and African cultural traditions. The peculiarity of ancient Egyptian texts is that they tend to capture this phenomenon, but never give it an explanation. The author highlights the specifi c markers that are responsible for circumcision in traditional societies of the Middle East and Africa, and fi nds similar motivational signs in the ritual practices of ancient Egypt. The author concludes that the institution of circumcision in ancient times was closely connected with the cult of the sacred sycamore and patronizing it goddess Hathor, the wife of the sun-god Ra-Atum.

Key words: Ancient Egypt, religion, mythology, circumcision and the cult

HELLENISTIC EAST: COLONIZATION OF THE UPPER SATRAPIES (SCALES, DYNAMICS, CHARACTER)

G. A. Koshelenko, V. A. Gaibov

The main objective of this study is to determine the peculiarities of the colonization process in early Hellenistic period. Usually in literature, this process is considered as a whole that is not correct from the authors’ point of view. The authors identify three stages of this process, which are sharply different from each other. The fi rst one is the time of Alexander the Great. At this time there is a mass settling of the Greeks and Macedonians (latter in less quantity) on the territory. The major part of them — garrisons in the cities and the population of the newly founded cities. We can talk about tens of thousands of Greeks. Alexander’s death led to the dramatic events — the revolt of the Greeks and their mass murder. For decades, “the upper satrapies” were cut off from the Mediterranean; no new people or new ideas from the West came there. Only from the moment when Antiochus became joint ruler of Seleucus in the East, new settlers on droves poured there, many of whom were experts, and there was big money, that ensured the rise of the region.

Key words: Bactria, Sogdiana, Margiana, Areia, Arachosia, Drangiana, Alexander the Great, Seleucus, Antiochus, colonization, the extent of colonization, a garrison, a town, Greeks, Macedonians

ON THE QUESTION OF PAIR HORSES BURIALS IN THE BRONZE AGE CHARIOT CULTURES: THE RECONSTRUCTION OF RITUALS AND PERFORMANCES (EVIDANCES OF MONUMENTS OF SINTASHTA AND PETROVKA TYPES)

S. V. Sotnikova

The article discusses the paired burial horses in settlements of the Sintashta and Petrovka types. These burials are presented in two ways: in the form of skulls and leg bones of animals at the bottom of the burial chamber and in the form of whole skeletons of horses at the top of the burial chamber or beneath barrows of a special platform. The author concludes these traces to be of two independent rituals different in scenario and in time of performance. The paper presents the characteristic of each of the rituals; their reconstruction and interpretation areoffered.

Key words: the Bronze Age, Sintashta type monuments, Petrovka type monuments, burial, paired burial horses, chariots, ritual

ON THE ISSUE OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE ANCIENT MAYAN SETTLEMENT IN SOUTHEASTERN PETÉN (GUATEMALA), 7th — 9th centuries AD

I. A. Savchenko

The paper deals with the problem of settlement structure in southeastern Petén, Guatemala, the ancient Maya Classical period (the 7th — 9th centuries AD). In our attention there will be a small area of several hundred square kilometers, combining the basin of the Poshte River, the upper stream of the Mopan River and the area to the east of the upper stream of the San Juan River. The choice of this region is conditioned due to two principal factors: the extent of its research and high concentration of settlement units of different rank and status. According to the author, the model which explains the settlement structure, its internal hierarchy and the changes occurred during the classical period of Maya history was suggested by a famous Guatemalan archaeologist H. la Porte, is not quite relevant and requires some conceptual criticism and comments, and that is the aim of this work. Hopefully, in the future they will allow coming to a fundamentally new understanding of the aforesaid problem.

Key words: Mesoamerica, the ancient Maya, Guatemala, settlement structure, the hierarchy of settlements, urbanism

MARSEILLES ASSASSINATION (1934) IN PERCEPTION OF UKRAINIAN PUBLIC IN POLAND AND USA (ON MATERIAL OF NEWSPAPERS “DILO” AND “SVOBODA”)

K. Y. Mogarychev

This article is devoted to reaction of Ukrainians, who lived at that time in Poland and USA on the Marseilles assassination 1934 of the King of Yugoslavia Alexander I Unifer and French Minister of Foreign Affairs Louis Barthou. We selected two newspapers, which were the most popular among Ukrainians: “Dilo” (organ of Ukrainians in Poland) and “Svoboda” (organ of Ukrainian Diaspora of USA).

Key words: Terrorism, Marseilles assassination, Ustasa, Ukraine

THE FIRST EXCAVATIONS IN THE CITY-SITE SELITRENNOYE IN ASTRAKHAN PROVINCE

E. D. Zilivinskaya, A. S. Smirnov

The article basing on archival material, highlights the fi rst excavations in 1837 in the City- Site Selitrennoye known as Saray-Batu, the capital of Golden Horde. In the result of excavations by Astrakhan Statistical Committee member M. S. Rybushkin, the local governor S. I. Timirjazev was interested in the materials and wanted to fi nance further researches. However, his applications to the Minister of Inner Affairs D. N. Bludov found no support in the Ministry. D. N. Bludov tried to shift the burden of fi nancing the excavations to the Ministry of Education, which was headed by S. S. Uvarov. The latter, by the traditional bureaucratic methods disavowed the request of D. N. Bludov. The article suggests that the negative reaction of top offi cials of empire to the request for allocation of funds for the excavation of the Golden Horde capital due to restrained reaction of Emperor Nicolai I on the news of the investigations of this eastern city. These circumstances suggest that the main reasons for refusing to support further excavations of Selitrennoye City-Site from the government are far from science. Personal motives, bureaucratic complexity of relationships, career considerations, the relationship of the emperor — all these could be the reason for such a decision.

Key words: archaeology, excavations, Selitrennoye City-Site, M. S. Rybushkin, S. I. Timiryazev, D. N. Bludov, S. S. Uvarov, Nicolai I

COINS OF ANCIENT SICILY IN THE STATE HISTORICAL MUSEUM

М. G. Abramzon, N. А. Frolova

The paper is the first publication of Greek coins of Sicily in the State Historical Museum (Moscow). The small but rather representative collection includes a lot of rare specimens, i.a. earlier silver, Syracusan dekadrachm of the Euanetos Type, gold coins of Dionisius I, Timoleon, Gelon II, Hieronymus, etc.

Key words: classic numismatics, Greek coins, Sicily, the State Historical Museum

«PERSON» AS A CATEGORY OF WOMEN’S SELFCONSCIOUSNESS IN RUSSIAN PROSE AT THE END OF THE 17th — THE EARLY 18th CENTURY

T. A. Alfer’eva

In the context of modern times, the end of the 17th — the beginning of the 18th century, a new literary culture, which resulted in a new hero appears. We believe that a new literary hero (heroine) Petrine era in terms of self-concept of the «I» G. V. Vdovin falls under the defi nition of «person.»

Key words: The 18th century, Russian prose, «person», female image

COMEDY “THE DIVIDE” (1853) IN AN EARLY DRAMATIC SYSTEM BY A. F. PISEMSKY AND IN THE CONTEXT OF THE JOURNAL “SOVREMENNIK”

O. V. Timashova

The article contains a holistic internal, comparative and historical and comparative analysis of one of the least studied comedies by A. F. Pisemsky “The Divide” and touches upon the issues of conceptual nature in the sphere of the individual poetics of early work of the playwright and the history of Russian journalism in mid 1850s: laws of imagery, range of problems, the subject to satirical disclosures in early drama works by Pisemsky; and place of the play “The Divide” in the journal “Sovremennik”, chronicle and character of cooperation by the author in the magazine, the reasons of ideological and artistic differences between him and the editors.

Key words: A.F.Pisemsky, the play “The Divide”, the genre of comedy, I. S. Turgenev, the play “Breakfast with the leader, or Amicable Agreement“, magazine “Sovremennik”, N. A. Nekrasov

RUSSIAN LANGUAGE ALTERNATIVES OF BASHKIR FOLK EPIC “ZAYATULYAK AND HYUHYLU”

O. V. Akhmadrakhimova

The article discloses the alternatives of folk epic “Zayatulyak and Hyuhylu” published in Russian publications. The author makes an attempt to reveal the differences and fi nd common things in the texts. Special attention is paid to the depicting of the main characters and the way of narration.

Key words: Bashkir folk epic, epos, alternative, text, main character

CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF SOME FEATURES OF THE LANGUAGE GAME IN YOUTH JARGON (ON ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGE MATERIAL)

A. A. Yelistratov

The article is devoted to a comparative study of some features of the language game in English and Russian youth jargon. Comparison is based on three parameters: the source language, creating models and processes coming along with jargon language game. It is proved that in these jargons one observes more similarities than differences.

Key words: linguistics, game of words, language game, pun, youth jargon, slang

THE 3rd PERSON IMPERATIVES IN RUSSIAN AND SERBIAN LANGUAGES

V. Yu. Steshevich

The paper explores the grammar forms to express imperative semantics in the third person (a statement that something should exist, or an action should be taken), their differences from the 2nd person imperatives and likeness with optative mood. The aim is to compare two related languages and to find out the inner dissimilarity of grammar forms and semantic meanings.

Key words: the 3rd person, imperative, Russian, Serbian

ABOUT THE PHONEME [R] IN TURKIC-BASQUE CORRESPONDENCES

D. D. Suleymanova

The paper examines the evolution of the phoneme [r] in the Turkic languages (Tatar, Bashkir) in comparison with historical development of the Basque phoneme [r]. As a result of the structural-typological and comparative historical analysis with involvement of pra-Turkic and pra-Basque reconstructions there are regular phonetic correspondences in the native lexicon and affixed morphemes.

Key words: linguistic typology, comparative and historical phonetics, Turkic languages, the Basque language, the phoneme [r]

ANALYSIS OF REPRESENTATIVE OF CONCEPT WISDOM IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

Ma Tsin

This article discusses the views of scientists on the methodology of conceptual analysis, structural features of the concept of wisdom in the Russian language on database of lexicographical sources are analyzed.

Key words: conceptual analysis, the concept of wisdom, structural features, the Russian language

ETYMOLOGICAL COMPONENTS OF MALAGASY NATIVE LANGUAGE

M. O. Izhyk

The article covers some of the results of Malagasy dictionary research made by the author. This language is a western branch of geographically distant Malayo-Polynesian languages. In the middle of XX century the understanding of the scientists about kinship of Madagascar with the Malay language has become more detailed and the researchers found evidence of genealogical ties between Malagasy language and ma’anyan one, prevalent on the island of Borneo. These discoveries have led to a qualitatively new level of subsequent research where a great specifi cation of language material has been achieved. Analogy of the Malagasy language with the lexicon of Malay evident in lexicon related to seafaring. The Malay vocabulary occurs also in metallurgy and in the names of body parts. Special importance for the reconstruction routes and time the main wave of migration the fi rst of the Austronesian immigrants are borrowing from Sanskrit, which could appear in Malagasy only after their appearance in the languages of Borneo. At the same time there are many linguistic evidence that the after colonization of the island by Austronesians have taken place and notable cultural and linguistic contacts with the tribes of the eastern coast of Africa.

Key words: Malagasy language, Austronesian languages, Bantu languages, Sanskrit language, Arabic languages

A BRIDGE IN TRADITIONAL LIFE OF THE CHUVASHI

V. V. Medvedev

The article deals with the semantics of the bridge in the traditional culture of the Chuvash people. In addition to describing the forms of construction features and the purpose, sacred notions associated with construction are being analyzed. The bridge is also examined as the place of crossing the soul of the deceased in the afterworld. Righteous could go across the bridge, for sinners it was unavailable. Ethno-cultural parallels with different nations are represented.

Key words: bridge, traditional culture, ritual, crossing, Chuvashi

TO THE ISSUE OF ETHNOGENESES AND PERIODIZATION OF THE NAGAIBAKS HISTORY

I. R. Atnagulov

The article is focused on the issue of formation and the main stages of the ethnic history of the Nagaibaks — originally the estate of a group of the Kryashens of East Kama, and in the beginning of the 20th century — a fully independent group among the Cossack population of the Orenburg province, having features of an ethnic group. The article also discusses issues related to the Christianization of the Nagaibaks and other peoples of the Middle Volga region, demographic situation and some features of the ethnic culture of the group under research.

Key words: nagaibaks, kryashens, tatars, Orenburg сossacks

CATTLE BREEDING OF THE NAGAIBAKS IN THE SECOND PART OF THE 19th — THE EARLY 20th CENTURY

I. R. Atnagulov

This article provides an ethnographic material on pastoral activities of the Nagaibaks in Verkhneuralskiy province in the second half of the 19th — the early 20th century. This group was formed in the 18th century on the basis of baptized Tatars and other peoples of the Middle Volga and Kama region, in circumstances of collective farmers. Relocation in the Southern Urals in 1842, where the Nagaibaks were in the dry steppe climate, and neighbouring to the nomad Kazakhs have brought some changes in the system itself, cattle breeding, and in its relative share of the total economic complex of the Nagaibaks.

Key words: cattle breeding, the Nagaibaks, the Kazakhs, the Bashkirs, Orenburg cossaсs

SHOPKEEPERS FROM A NUMBER OF NATIVE INHABITANTS OF CHUKOTKA IN THE END OF THE 19th — THE EARLY 20th CENTURY: MICRO-HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTIONS

A. A. Yarzutkina

Basing on the documents which have not been studied till now, the author reconstructs some facts of the live and activity of native inhabitants of Chukotka owning shops in the end of the 19th — the beginning of the 20th century. The question about their place in traditional society, relationships with American entrepreneurs and fi ner details of the trading process arranged by them are investigated.

Key words: micro-history, traditional culture, Chukotka, trade, bargaining agents

PROBLEMS OF THE SAKHA PEOPLE ETHNIC IDENTITY REPRODUCTION (on the ethno-sociological research materials in Sakha Yakutia Republic)

V. S. Efimov, A. V. Lapteva, U. S. Borisova

The article presents the results of an ethno-sociological study of Yakut (Sakha), residing in the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. The results show that ethnic identity of the Yakuts partly “diffuse” as the generations change. From generation to generation the self-determining as Yakuts (Sakha) percentage is decreasing since part of younger generations refuses to “inherit” the nationality of their parents thus risk of the ethnos “dissipation” obtains.The study shows that in the last decade the formation of a complex identity, including ethnic and civic components occur — a man identifi es himself as Sakha (Yakutian) and Russian at the same time. Positive ethnic identity (pride and joy when be conscious of himself as Yakut) prevails in all age groups, but there is relatively higher proportion of those whose identity is “ambivalent” (experiencing confl icting feelings) with the younger generations.The Yakuts’ views of the basics (criteria) of ethnicity are shown. The peculiarities of the Yakuts’ identity relating to educational differences, traditional agrarian or industrial or postindustrial employment are discussed.

Key words: ethnic identity, civic identity, the northern ethnic groups

MODERN ETHNO-SOCIAL PROCESSES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVOSIBIRSK AND NOVOSIBIRSK REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF MIGRATION

I. V. Octyabrskaya, E. V. Antropov

The article describes ethno-demographic and ethno-social processes in Novosibirsk and Novosibirsk region in the dynamics due to the increasing migration. It emphasizes that indicators of development of Novosibirsk — the capital of the Federal District and the largest metropolitan area beyond the Urals, intensely gathers economically active population, largely accumulates macro-regional unifi cation tendencies. Migratory infl ow in Novosibirsk region does not only compensate the natural loss, but also increases the number of inhabitants. Analyzing the structure of migration and urban population we draw out a conclusion that ethno-demographic transformations while maintaining the “Western trend” of emigration and increasing “orientalization” immigration. Stated: the increased ethnic diversity in the city and region; variability of ethno-cultural standards, growing competition in the labour market and in the socio-cultural sphere, including ethnic indication; politicization of ethnic sphere in the context of increasing migration and updating of intolerant behavior. The conclusion is given that migration and its consequences form ethno-social risk zone for Siberian metropolis and the region as a whole.

Key words: human potential, Novosibirsk and Novosibirsk region, ethno-demographic structure, migration, ethno-social risks

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF INTERCULTURALISM IN THE MODERN WORLD

M. V. Borisova

This article discusses the process of forming the concept of interculturalism and its main provisions. The author appeals to the modern world realities, analyzing the process of paradigms changes its ethno-social development. It is emphasized that in the late 2000s — early 2010s European political community announced multiculturalism crash, which was the predominant approach of the management of cultural diversity. According to the unanimous opinion of the Heads of European countries, the policy of multiculturalism has led to segregated societyon ethnic lines. The need to fi nd a new model of ruling ethno processes led to the formation of the concept of interculturalism, based on the principles of intercultural dialogue. Complicating cultural diversity of the world, caused by the diversifi cation of migration fl ows and profi les of migrants made shift the focus of policy on the level of the local government. Analyzing interculturalism, the author concludes that this concept at the level of theory and practice is a new approach of public policy management dynamics of cultural diversity of modern multiethnic cities in the world.

Key words: world community, multiculturalism, migration, cultural diversity management problems, interculturalism — the theory and modern practices