HISTORY

ANCIENT HISTORY

ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME. HELLINISM

L. L. Selivanova (Moscow) — Victory and (or) Death at the Panhellenic Games [p.3-22]

A. A. Popov (St. Petersburg) — Justinus (Pompeius Trogus) Evidence on Bactrian help to the Seleucid King Demetrius II [p.22-28]

R.V. Lapyryonok (Irkutsk) — Some Notes on the Ager Publicus Legal Categories that were Granted Immunity by Virtue of Gaius Gracchus Agrarian Law [p.29-37]

N. S. Shirokova (St. Petersburg) — The Imperial Cult in Roman Britain [p.37-58]

THE BLACK SEA REGION

D. V. Zhuravlyov (Moscow) — Bracelets and Knobby Rings from Late- Scythian and Sarmatian Monuments of the Northern Black Sea Region [p.59-85]

V. G. Zubarev, S. V. Yartsev (Tula) — The New Sacral Complex in Belinskoye Settlement in the East Crimea [p.86-101]

S. V. Yartsev (Tula) — The Bosporus and Chersonese on the Eve of the Hun Invasion [p.102-117]

THE ANCIENT ORIENT

G. A. Ternovaya (Almaty) — On The Issue of History, Religion and Lifestyle of Kangju in the Late 3rd — 4th centuries AD [p.118-131]

PREHISTORY

E. V. Dolbunova (St. Petersburg) — The Oldest Ceramic Traditions of Dnieper-Dvina Basin in the 7th — 6th Millennia BC [p.132-147]

THE MIDDLE AGES

I. I. Boldyreva (Voronezh) — Historical and Legal Principles of Testamentary Practice in Early Medieval England [p.148-157]

K. A. Demichev (Nizhny Novgorod) — Militarized Sikh Community under the First Nine Gurus in the 16th — 17th centuries [p.157-170]

MODERN HISTORY

S. I. Mikhalchenko (Bryansk) — Unpublished “Reminiscences” of Ye. V. Spectorsky as Source of Jews History in Polish Kingdom in the Late 19th century [p.171-175]

S. V. Olkhovskiy (Moscow) — Ukrainian Parliamentary Representation in 1922–1939 [p.176-188]

S. V. Olkhovskiy (Moscow) — Ukraine in the Federalist Concept of Jozef Pilsudski [p.188-196]

RUSSIAN HISTORY

A. I. Chepel (St. Petersburg) — Offence Against the Person in Swedish-Russian Border Area after the Treaty of Stolbovo [p.197-205]

N. N. Makarova (Magnitogorsk) — Everyday Feelings Era of Industrialization (On Materials of Magnitogorsk of the 1930-s) [p.205-213]

V. V. Pereverzev (Magnitogorsk) — The Reflection of ‘‘Propaganda Calm Period” in Soviet-Chinese Relations of the Mid-1960s in the Soviet Periodical Press [p.214-227]

PHILOLOGY

LITERARY CRITICISM

T. Ye. Abramzon (Magnitogorsk) — “Vecherneye Razmyshleniye” by M. Lomonosov and “Evening Refl ections” by G. Bowring: from Polysemantic Message of the Original to the Monosemantic One of the Translation [p.228-243]

N. A. Timofeyev (Moscow) — Spiritual Crisis of Russian Intelligentsia in the Late 19th Century: Protagonist in A. Chekhov’s Narrative “The Black Monk” [p.243-252]

O. V. Morozova (Kazan) — Childhood Theme: Chekhov’s Princples of Text Organizing System Embodied in A. Blok’s Works [p.252-260]

V. A. Valitova (Yekaterinbutg) — Gender Universality in Maria Semyonova’s Works [p.260-267]

N. A. Khubbitdinova (Ufa) — Folklore Creative Adaptation in Bashkir Dastan “Buzyeget” by Bagavi and its Oral Versions [p.267-272]

LINGUISTICS

I. Pacsai (Nyírpazony) — Some Facts for the Theory of O. N. Troubačev on the Sinds [p.273-285]

A. P. Naumova (Volgograd) — Translation Forum as a Genre Of Translators’ Professional Discourse (1766) [p.285-299]

M. R. Valiyeva (Ufa) — Bulgarisms in Bashkir Hydronyms [p.300-305]

L. I. Shvydkaya (Magnitogorsk) — Cognition and Idiomatization [p.305-311]

M. R. Tsitskeyeva (St. Petersburg) — Composition and Structure of Ingush Native and Borrowed Proper Names in the Novels of I. Bazorkin “From Remote Antiquity” and A. Bokov “The Sons Of Beki” [p.312-319]

A. V. Nagornaya (Moscow) — Methodology of Linguistic Study of Interoception [p.319-330]

N. Ch. Sereedar (Kyzyl) — Elementary Simple Sentences with Verbs Denoting Mental Activity in the Tuva Language [p.331-336]

CULTURE

ETHNOLOGY

A. K. Idiatullov (Ulyanovsk) — Karachai ‘Islamized’ Shamanism (Interview Analysis of Karachai Intelligentsia) [p.337-345]

V. V. Medvedyev (Magnitogorsk) — Chuvash Shack: Traditions and Innovation [p.345-357]

I. R. Atnagulov (Magnitogorsk) — Nagaibak Farming In the Late 19th — early 20th Century [p.358-370]

SCIENTIFIC EVENTS

S.G. Shulezhkova (Magnitogorsk) — On the 200th Birthday Anniversary of T. G. Shevchenko, the Great Ukrainian Poet [p.371-378]

VICTORY AND (OR) DEATH AT THE PANHELLENIC GAMES

L. L. Selivanova

The article deals with such fi ghting sports at the Pan-Hellenic games as boxing, wrestling, and pankration. The analysis of seven recorded causa mortis leads the author to the conclusion that the latter do not reveal a whole picture but give additional data. Involuntary manslaughter of the rival at the Pan-Hellenic games was not regarded either as a crime or violation of rules, but did not ensure victory for the heory for survivor. Furthermore, an athlete’s death at the Panhellenic games was as glorious as the victory or death for his polis. This attitude refl ected the ethos of kalokagathia throughout the entire history of the games.

Key words: Greek athletics, combative competitions, the Pan-hellenic games, fatalities

JUSTINUS (POMPEIUS TROGUS) EVIDENCE ON BACTRIAN HELP TO THE SELEUCID KING DEMETRIUS II

A. A. Popov

The article comments on a fragment of Justinus’ (Pompeius Trogus) work describing Bactrian aid to the Seleucid King (Just. XXXVI. 1. 1–4 ). The author considers that Bactrian troops were allied, but not mere auxiliary. Most probably, it was the army of Greco-Bactrian King Heliocles I, the son of Eucratides the Great.

Key words: the Hellenism, the Seleucids, Justinus, Demetrius II, Greco-Bactria, Heliocles I

SOME NOTES ON THE AGER PUBLICUS LEGAL CATEGORIES THAT WERE GRANTED IMMUNITY BY VIRTUE OF GAIUS GRACCHUS AGRARIAN LAW

R. V. Lapyryonok

The paper considers ancient evidence for the agrarian law of Gaius Gracchus. The author tries to define the categories of public land, which were excepted from distribution among Roman citizens during the agrarian reform of 123–122 BC. His conclusion, based on re-examination of our literary and epigraphic sources, is that such legal categories as ager quaestorius, ager censorius and ager scripturarius were excepted from allotment. The property interests of possessors (both Roman citizens and Italian allies) also enjoyed protection granted by this law in the regions where Gaius Gracchus was going to establish his new colonies.

Key words: Roman history, agrarian law, Gaius Gracchus, colonies, public land, agrarian commission

THE IMPERIAL CULT IN ROMAN BRITAIN

N. S. Shirokova

Roman Britain’s offi cial center of provincial imperial cult was Divine Claudius Temple ready-build after the emperor’s death in Colchester, the Roman colony. The temple was a meeting place of consilium provinciae whose main duty was to keep watch on the proper observance of the Imperial Cult ritual. There were other temples and altars too (of the so called municipal type) in privileged towns of Roman provinces and the richest tribal centers. Municipal version of the Imperial Cult was attended to by corporation members known as Seviri Augustales whose number increased on account of rich libertines. The bulk of Imperial cult consecrations was performed by soldiers and offi cers of the Roman army military units deployed in Britain. Sometimes the ritual with the worship of local Celtic gods as the culture of Roman Britain comprised both Roman and Celtic basic elements.

Key words: the Imperial Cult, Roman Britain, provincial council, the Emperor’s divinity.

BRACELETS AND KNOBBY RINGS FROM LATE- SCYTHIAN AND SARMATIAN MONUMENTS OF THE NORTHERN BLACK SEA REGION

D. V. Zhuravlyov

The paper deals with a group of metallic artifacts, namely knobby rings which are of different diameter and on the whole are similar to rings and bracelets, but in graves they are always found among amulets but not on skeletons. Many researchers stick to the opinion that rings of the kind bear evidence of Celtic infl uence. After detailed analysis of different uses of the rings the author in the fi rst place refers them to amulets, though some of them served as elements of horse harness or buckles. Some pieces, judging by the place of their fi nd, could be used as rings and bracelets. It seems that Celtic articles could not become a prototype for knobby rings from the Northern Black Sea Region as there are not so many rings of the kind in any other territory, and La Tène culture rings and bracelets look radically different. It is not improbable that the origin of knobby rings from the Crimea and neighboring territory is due to Thracian infl uence.

Key words: archaeology, jewellery, amulets, Celts, Thracians, late Scythians, Sarmatians

THE NEW SACRAL COMPLEX IN BELINSKOYE SETTLEMENT IN THE EAST CRIMEA

V. G. Zubarev, S. V. Yartsev

The article deals with the research and the interpretation of a complex sacral monument of Late Antique and Khazar periods in the Belinskoye Settlement in the East Crimea. The authors trace the connection of the object with different aspects of religious life of European Bosporus inhabitants of the period, including early Christianity. Complex approach to the sources makes it possible to infer the key role of viniculture in the functioning and traditions continuity of the above mentioned sanctuary.

Key words: The European Bosporus, Belinskoye Settlement, stone circles, altar, viniculture, ritual, sanctuary

THE BOSPORUS AND CHERSONESE ON THE EVE OF THE HUN INVASION

S. V. Yartsev

The article deals with a difficult issue of Taurica antique states history during the reign of Constantius II, Constant and Julian II. The author dwells upon numerous aspects that are connected with the final stage of the Bosporan-Chersonesian military conflict described in the fourth story of “The Narrative about the Cherson Fortress” by Constantine Porphyrogenitus. In the author’s opinion, the last Bosporus-Chersonesian war is related to the religious confl ict between Constantius II and Constant. After defeat the Bosporus became the autonomous region of the Chersonese state.

Key words: Bosporan-Chersonesian wars, Constantius II, Constant, Maeotis barbarians, Greuthungi

ON THE ISSUE OF HISTORY, RELIGION AND LIFESTYLE OF KANGJU IN THE LATE 3rd — 4th CENTURIES AD

G. A. Ternovaya

The paper considers architectural complexes with cross-shaped constructions dated to Otrarsk-Karatau Culture of the late 3rd — 4th centuries AD, which are situated in the Talass Valley territory on the northern slope of Karatau (Aktobe ) and in southern Kazakhstan (Kul’tobe). The monuments are defi ned as seasonal sun temples of Alan-Sarmatian tribes. Cross-shaped temples lay-out and design bear a similarity to early Christian monuments.

Key words: Kazakhstan, Kangju, Sarmatian-Alan, sun temples

THE OLDEST CERAMIC TRADITIONS OF DNIEPER-DVINA BASIN IN THE 7th — 6th MILLENNIA BC

E. V. Dolbunova

The paper considers complexes of Early Neolithic pottery of Dnieper-Dvina basin sites. There are several “phases of ceramic development” characterizing Early Neolithic material which mark changes in technology, morphology and decor of ancient pottery. The paper touches upon the role of the fi rst ceramic vessels in the culture of ancient inhabitants of the area and its gradual transition from prestigious to utilitarian. The paper also presents some ceramic material analogous to that of different phases of pottery belonging to different cultures of Eastern Europe.

Key words: Early Neolithic, neolithization, pottery-making technology, Dnieper-Dvina basin

HISTORICAL AND LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF TESTAMENTARY PRACTICE IN EARLY MEDIEVAL ENGLAND

I. I. Boldyreva

The paper considers specifi c features of English early medieval will. The analysis of records and LibellusÆthelwoldiepiscopi chronicles makes it possible to emphasize the importance of public ceremony and reciprocal exchange particulars in Anglo-Saxon testamentary practice. English early medieval wall was oral. The documents that reached us provided a means for preserving a will in collective memory. Male and female testamentary practices were not identical. This turns the author’s attention to the necessity of research study of specifi c legal and cultural features of Anglo-Saxon female wills.

Key words: Early Middle Ages, wills, Anglo-Saxon documents, medieval law, Anglo-Saxon community

MILITARIZED SIKH COMMUNITY UNDER THE FIRST NINE GURUS IN THE 16th — 17th CENTURIES

K. A. Demichev

The paper deals with the issues of Sikh community militarization under the first nine guru from mid-16th century till the second half of the 17th century. It also analyzes specific features and stages of militarization, with emphasis on religious and political substantiation of the process by gurus. It is therefore concluded that Sikh community militarization was effected both from higher-ups and from the grass roots.

Key words: Punjab, Sikhism, Sikh community, militarization, guru

UNPUBLISHED “REMINISCENCES” OF YE. V. SPECTORSKY AS SOURCE OF JEWS HISTORY IN POLISH KINGDOM IN THE LATE 19th CENTURY

S. I. Mikhalchenko

The paper covers typical mode and lifestyle of Jewish population of Polish Kingdom in the late 19th century, which is recorded in “Reminiscences” of Ye.V. Spectorsky, a well-known Russian lawyer, philosopher and historian (1875–1951). The manuscript is kept in East Europe Institute Historical Archive of Bremen University.

Key words: Ye.V. Spectorsky, memoirs, Jews, Polish Kingdom

UKRAINIAN PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATION IN 1922–1939

S. V. Olkhovskiy

Ukrainian parliamentarians of the very fi rst convocation began to actively defend the interests of national minorities, which caused grave anxiety of Polish political elite who were concerned about the country’s integrity and its ethnic character. Almost immediately after they found themselves in determined opposition to national democratic governments, Ukrainian parliamentary clubs began to cherish hopes that the reorganization regime that came to power in 1926 would improve interethnic relations. Gradually improving relations were torpedoed by the events in Galicia in 1932. Polish-Ukrainian agreement of 1935 on normalization was violated by the Polish party, which resulted in reduced infl uence of legal Ukrainian parties and increased popularity of Ukrainian Nationalist Organization.

Key words: history of Poland, parliament, Galicia, Volhynia, elections, Polish-Ukrainian agreement

UKRAINE IN THE FEDERALIST CONCEPT OF JOZEF PILSUDSKI

S. V. Olkhovskiy

The article traced the evolution of J. Pilsudski' ideas about the role of Ukraine for Poland's foreign policy and the attitude of Polish society to the attempt of federalization of the Polish- Soviet borderlands.

Key words: Second Polish Republic, Jagiellonian concept, federalism, J. Pilsudski, Polish-Ukrainian Union, Ukrainian People's Republic

OFFENCE AGAINST THE PERSON IN SWEDISH-RUSSIAN BORDER AREA AFTER THE TREATY OF STOLBOVO

A. I. Chepel

The paper is a study of reasons for dangerous display of offence against the person in Swedish-Russian border area after the Treaty of Stolbovo. The study is based on Russian archives material. The author concludes that attacks against people in the border area were for the most part mugging which sometimes ended in violence. The attacks assumed social character too when peasants and house-serfs physically abused their former masters and their family members. Mutual protection, red tape, rash and mercenary operations of border area authorities hampered crime suppression.

Key words: Swedish-Russian border area, the Treaty of Stolbovo, border area trade, defectors

EVERYDAY FEELINGS ERA OF INDUSTRIALIZATION (ON MATERIALS OF MAGNITOGORSK OF THE 1930-s)

N. N. Makarova

This article discusses the spiritual experiences and range of feelings of the inhabitants of new industrial city in the 1930s Based on personal origin sources, the author comes to the conclusion that Magnitogorsk worried about the destiny of not only metallurgical plant, as it had in Soviet propaganda, but to a greater extent own thoughts, worries and concerns. Emotions and feelings are largely dependent on conditions, created for citizens in everyday life and at work. Ego-sources, reflecting the spiritual world of the people, show that people always felt a need in a variety of senses.

Key words: history of everyday life, the history of emotions, industrialization, Magnitogorsk

THE REFLECTION OF ‘‘PROPAGANDA CALM PERIOD” IN SOVIET-CHINESE RELATIONS OF THE MID-1960S IN THE SOVIET PERIODICAL PRESS

V. V. Pereverzev

The article deals with the coverage of Soviet-Chinese relations in 1964–1966 by the Soviet periodical press and presents the analysis of the appropriate material to determine its tone and focus. The author concludes that the bulk of the material was either positive or neutral, which to some extent testifi es to the so-called “propaganda calm period” or Thaw in the Soviet-Chinese relations in 1964–1966.

Key words: Soviet-Chinese relations, Thaw, CSU, CPC, periodical press

“VECHERNEYE RAZMYSHLENIYE” BY M. LOMONOSOV AND “EVENING REFLECTIONS” BY G. BOWRING: FROM POLYSEMANTIC MESSAGE OF THE ORIGINAL TO THE MONOSEMANTIC ONE OF THE TRANSLATION

T. Ye. Abramzon

The paper deals with comparative analysis of two works, namely, the spiritual ode “Vecherneye Razmyshleniye …” by M. Lomonosov and its translation “Evening Refl ections, on the Majestyof God, on Seeing the Great Northern Lights” by G. Bowring. Formally the world image of the original and the translation coincide, but differ in notional ties and solutions. Scientifi c and poetic world image of M. Lomonosov’s refl ections gets transformed into religious-poetic in Bowring’s translation, thus refl ecting both his individual world-view, and peculiar English linguistic world image. Integrated epistemological approach to the problem in Lomonosov’s ode gets only one solution — the God is inconceivable.

Key words: M. Lomonosov, “Vecherneye Razmyshleniye …”, G. Bowring, “Evening Refl ections”, epistemological issue, translation strategies, world image

SPIRITUAL CRISIS OF RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA IN THE LATE 19th CENTURY: PROTAGONIST IN A. CHEKHOV’S NARRATIVE “THE BLACK MONK”

N. A. Timofeyev

The paper deals with the subject matter of A. Chekhov’s narrative “The Black Monk”. The analysis of linguistic features and composition techniques underlie the study of protagonist’s and characters’ characterization. Chekhov through the tragedy of his hero reveals the deep crisis of his contemporaries’ consciousness and shows the clash of irrational and rational types of thinking as the hidden motive for spiritual quest of Russian intelligentsia of the late 19th c.

Key words: Russian literature, A. P. Chekhov, consciousness crisis, Biblical motifs, symbolism, parallelism principles

CHILDHOOD THEME: CHEKHOV’S PRINCPLES OF TEXT ORGANIZING SYSTEM EMBODIED IN A. BLOK’S WORKS

O. V. Morozova

Using A. Chekhov’s and A. Blok’s works as an example, the paper deals with the issues concerning transition from realism to symbolism in Russian literature at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries. The subject of research is connected with the writers’ childhood theme and with Chekhov’s infl uence on symbolists, which became apparent both in concrete images, themes, motifs, principles of text organization (Mints), and poetics.

Key words: Russian literature of the turn of 19th — 20th centuries, realism, symbolism, childhood theme, poetics, A. Chekhov, A. Blok

GENDER UNIVERSALITY IN MARIA SEMYONOVA’S WORKS

V. A. Valitova

The article deals with gender attitudes of male and female characters in M. Semyonova’s works. Comparison with traditional folklore characters makes it possible to identify features that are not typical of literature recreating folklore plots.

Key words: M. Semyonova, gender universality, female prose, dichotomy “male-female” in contemporary literature

FOLKLORE CREATIVE ADAPTATION IN BASHKIR DASTAN “BUZYEGET” BY BAGAVI AND ITS ORAL VERSIONS

N. A. Khubbitdinova

The paper covers creative adaptation of Bashkir folk poetic traditions, motifs, images, and ritual folklore in Bagavi’s (Bagavitdin) dastan “Buzyeget” (1842) and its oral versions. The author discovers functional meaning of these traditions, their allusions to Kul Gali’s poem “Kissa and Yusuf”, a well-known work of Turkish medieval Ural-Volga literature.

Key words: epos, folklore traditions, motifs, dastan, literature

SOME FACTS FOR THE THEORY OF O. N. TROUBAČEV ON THE SINDS

I. Pacsai

The works of O. N. Troubačev examined the history of the traits of Sindes in the North Black Sea Region. The famous Russian sciencist formed his theory from the Indian origin of Sinds, who lived in this region, by the old toponyms, which comes from Indian languages. Troubačev based his theory on the works of researchers who examined the history of this region. The questions, examined by O. N. Troubačev, have a connection with the Hungarian language which was formed during the long migration of Hungarian people. During the migration many cultural and language contacts were created with the neighbouring nations. These various contacts are refl ected in the vocabulary of Hungarian language, which contains many words with unknown etymology. Beyond the examined structures discovered the Hindi words, which presents the similar phonetic and semantic features with Hungarian words without clear etymology, which belongs to the basic word-stock of Hungarian language. The second important period of migration of Hungarian people was connected with the north region of Caucasus and the North- East maritime region of the Black Sea, examined by O. N. Troubačev where very intensive contacts are formed with Iranian nations. It is possible that the adoption of the words with Indian origin carried together with the Iranian words. These questions have mutual connection, namely the theory from Sinds of Troubačev which explains the origin of the examined Hungarian words, and this language contact proves the well-founded character of his theory.

Key words: the Sindi, Indian origin, maritime region,the Black Sea, Iranian infl uence, cultural and language contacts, etymology, similar phonetic and semantic features

TRANSLATION FORUM AS A GENRE OF TRANSLATORS’ PROFESSIONAL DISCOURSE

A. P. Naumova

The article focuses on analyzing translation forum as a virtual form of translators’ professional discourse actualization. It reveals socio-linguistic, mass media structural, and linguistic features in English, Russian and French.

Key words: professional discourse, professional communication, virtual genre studies, genre of forum

BULGARISMS IN BASHKIR HYDRONYMS

M. R. Valiyeva

The article considers Bulgarisms among Bashkir hydronyms. In the 12th century the Volga Bulgaria vast territory extended from the Samara bend to Northern Chuvashia and Southern Priuralye. Thus from the viewpoint of geographical position the Bulgars were Bashkirs’ closest neighbors. Their linguistic contacts affected both the Bashkir language and some Bashkir hydronyms.

Key words: the Bashkir language, the Magyar language, bulgatism, hydronym, potamonym, lymonym, potamonym, apellative

COGNITION AND IDIOMATIZATION

L. I. Shvydkaya

This research aims at connecting the notion of idiomaticity with mono- and cross- cultural communication due to which a new meaning is assigned to words, word groups and non-verbal elements. In cross-cultural communication the gap between communicants is widened due to the dominance of mono-cultural factors, which holds true for both verbal and non-verbal elements. Literal verbal interpretation of a non-verbal situation necessarily involves a certain meaning ascribed to a non-verbal sign, which is not gathered from the semantic structure of corresponding words. Thus a new verbal idiom appears in the language. Antinomy of form and content in any element of communication accounts for idiomatic property of a unit. Thus idiomaticity is a universal characterizing all aspects of human communication.

Key words: idiom, idiomaticity, cognition, concept, culture, verbal, non-verbal, cross-cultural, mapping, communication

COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF INGUSH NATIVE AND BORROWED PROPER NAMES IN THE NOVELS OF I. BAZORKIN “FROM REMOTE ANTIQUITY” AND A. BOKOV “THE SONS OF BEKI”

M. R. Tsitskeyeva

The article deals with the study of poetonyms in the texts of historical novels “From Remote Antiquity” by I. Bazorkin and “The Sons of Beki” by A. Bokov. The analysis of literary anthroponyms is carried out with regard to semantic and etymological characteristics.

Key words: literary anthroponomy, borrowed proper name, native proper name, etymological commentary

METHODOLOGY OF LINGUISTIC STUDY OF INTEROCEPTION

A. V. Nagornaya

The paper defi nes methodological approaches to the study of interoceptive (innerbody) sensations within the framework of cognitive linguistics paradigm. Describing the phenomenological specifi city of interoception, the author outlines the main requirements for the choice of research methodology and proves the effectiveness of the Embodied Cognition Theory. The paper further sets out the main postulates of the theory and demonstrates their relevance for the study of interoceptive vocabulary.

Key words: interoception, cognitive linguistics, embodied cognition theory, cognitive modeling, verbal representation

ELEMENTARY SIMPLE SENTENCES WITH VERBS DENOTING MENTAL ACTIVITY IN THE TUVA LANGUAGE

N. Ch. Sereedar

The author considers the means of expression and meaning of a direct object in the model in Tuvin. The ways of expression of a direct object by different cases are given.

Key words: the model, a direct object, an Accusative case, an Accusative (unformed) case, an Ablative case, the verbs of an action

KARACHAI ‘ISLAMIZED’ SHAMANISM (INTERVIEW ANALYSIS OF KARACHAI INTELLIGENTSIA)

A. K. Idiatullov

The article covers different types of Karachai shamanism rituals and principal magic notions. The author concludes that Karachai shamanism is mainly determined by Moslem notions and features. Magic rites are often accompanied by Moslem prayers. Magic performance can be interpreted as Islamic.

Key words: Moslem notions, shamanism notions, rite, the Karachai

CHUVASH SHACK: TRADITIONS AND INNOVATION

V. V. Medvedyev

The paper deals with the building of лаç, shack spread among the Chuvash. Relying on archive, published, and fi eldwork material the author considers housing transformation with time (worship room, archaic habitation, summer kitchen, summer house) and analyzes building techniques, architecture, and the building concept. Fieldwork information was obtained from Bashkortostan Chuvash. Ethno-cultural parallels were drawn for the most optimal reconstruction.

Key words: ethnology, Chuvash, shack, utility structures, building material, sacral notions

NAGAIBAK FARMING IN THE LATE 19th — EARLY 20th CENTURY

I. R. Atnagulov

The paper contains ethno-graphic material concerning principal types of Nağaybäk economic activity in Verkhneuralsky uyezd. The origin of the group is connected with the Volga- Ural Tatars and other ethnic groups of the region. It was also a part of Orenburg Cossack armed forces. Different ethnic features of the Nağaybäks are refl ected in the original properties of their economic activity.

Key words: ethnology, the Nağaybäks, husbandry, stock-raising, poultry keeping, propertybased economy