HISTORY

V. S. Solovyev (Yeletz) — Слово об учителе [p.3-13]

ANCIENT WORLD HISTORY

PAGES OF HISTORIOGRAPHY

Bukharin M. D. (Moscow) — P. K. Kozlov’s Letters to S. F. Oldenburg from the Collection of PFA RAS (Introductory article, Publication and Commentary of M. D. Bukharin) [p.288-304]

V. N. Pilipko (Moscow) — History of Archeological Study of Early Medieval Monuments of Akhal [p.304-311]

R. V. Tikhonov (Yelets) — The History of Bactrian Hellenistic Ceramics Study at the Present Stage (late 1900-s – early 2000-s) [p.311-318]

Devlet Е. G., Devlet М. А., Shwed К. А. (Moscow) — Petroglyphs of the Northern Eurasia [p.318-319]

IN WORLD MUSEUMS

N. A. Frolova (Moscow), M. G. Abramzon (Magnitogorsk) — Bosporan Coins in the State Historicle Museum of Russia (A. S. Kotsievsky’s Collection) [p.320-368]

HANDICRAFT BUILDING IN ANCIENT TERMEZ (ON THE EXPEDITION OF 2011)

S. de Pontbriand, P. Leriche

Every year witnesses excavations of MAFOuz de Bactriane at the site of Termez. In 2011, research was mostly undertaken outside the military zone of the border, which is a continuation of previous diggings in the Islamic city and its western fortifications, and of a 2009 emergency excavation between the Islamic fortifi cations and the mausoleum of Hakim al Termezi. The last one uncovered the early Kushan period handicraft building with two kilns. A gypsum medallion (Bagram type) and several high quality terracotta fi gurines were also found there. These fi nds shed new light on the material culture and history of Termez and Bactria in Antiquity.

Key words: Termez, Bactria, Kushan period, terracotta figurines, gypsum medallion, fortifications

PARTHIAN COINAGE IN THE REIGN OF ARSACES II

G. A. Koshelenko, V. A. Gaibov

Narrative sources and numismatic materials comparison suggests that a series of coins that was referred by D. Sellwood (Sellwood, 1980, 34-35 = type 10) to Mithradates’ I coinage should be attributed to the coinage of Arsaces.

Key words: Parthia, coinage, Arsaces II, king cult

WESTERN LANDS OF SAMARQAND SOGHD. TYPES OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS

G. V. Shishkina, O. N. Inevatkinа

The paper advances the typology of Samarqand Soghd archeological monuments on the basis of archeological study of Durmen settlement (the ancient Isbisket) and archeological survey undertaken by Central Asian expedition of State Museum of The East Nations Art in 1986–1991 in Pastdargom District of Samarqand Province in Uzbekistan. Twenty two types of monuments are identifi ed, including dwellings, military architecture, worship buildings, burial monuments, hydraulic facilities, arable land and excavation facilities, etc.

Key words: Central Asia, Soghd, archeology, aerophotography, monument typology, historical landscape

EARLY HELLENISTIC LARGE-SCALE CONSTRUCTION IN KAMPYRTEPА

N. D. Dvurechenskaya

A unique construction 36 (32x7x4,5 m) situated in the eastern sector of Kampyrtep was built in the early Hellenistic period. It was till the end of Greek-Bactrian period that it served as housing. Eucratides coin and radiocarbon analysis data help to precisely date the last period it was used as living quarters. Archeological complex of the fi rst period present the material testifying to the principal historical landmarks from Hellenistic expansion into Bactrian area till syncretic merging of Hellenistic and local cultures. The second period of the construction is connected with its functional change. They began to use its fl oor space for open fi re ceramic baking. No parallels to the Construction 36 are found in Bactria yet. It remains one of the most signifi cant objects that help to understand the early historical period of both Kampyrtepa and the Hellenistic epoch of Bactria at large.

Key words: Bactria, the Hellenism, Kampyrtepa

CONTINUITY OF TOKHARISTAN GRAPHIC ART IN THE 11th — 12th CENTURIES

S. V. Pavlova

Arab conquest of Tokharistan and Central Asia brought forth Islamization of the region, which had an overall effect on the local population life. Particularly, a ban was imposed on graphic art. Yet, despite it Tokharistan painting revived, and pre-Moslem traditions that existed before Arab intrusion began to gain momentum.

Key words: Central Asia, Tokharistan, archeology, culture, art

OFFICIAL STATUS AND PERSONAL POWERS

I. A. Ladynin

The article considers issue concerning Cleomenes of Naucratis — chief fi nancial administrator and actual governor of Egypt under Alexander the Great (332–323 B.C.). It is the author’s opinion that there is a reason to believe that Cleomenes did not have an offi cial rank of satrap and due to his purely civilian duties was in a way an outsider of Alexander empire elite whose indisputable leaders were Macedonian high-rank officers.

Key words: Cleomenes of Naucratis, Alexander the Great, Egypt, administration, authority

LANDSCAPE ART OF EARLY MEDIEVAL BUKHARA (BASED ON CARVED GANCH COLLECTION FROM THE VARAKHSHA PALACE)

T. G. Alpatkina

The article deals with the analysis of a new source for the study of the 6th — 8th centuries landscape art, which is presented by fragments of ganch collection from the Varakhsha palace near Bukhara depicting the king’s garden.

Key words: the Middle Ages, the Sassanian period, recorded sources, book miniature, poetry, carpets, carved ganch

AMPHORA NECK FROM PHANAGOREIA AND TWO SERIES OF CERAMIC CONTAINERS OF LATE CLASSICAL PERIOD

A. A. Zavoikin, S. Yu. Monakhov

The article pioneers two series of amphorae with an intricate rim profi le and a hollow foot, and specifi c morphology characteristics. Reliable ceramic complexes made it possible to date the sets to the second quarter — mid — 4th century BC.

Key words: amphorae, ceramic complex, chronology, Phanagoreia

HELLENISTIC MONUMENTAL PUBLIC BUILDING IN THE SOUTHERN OUTSKIRTS OF PHANAGORIA

Yu. N. Kuzmina

The paper describes and gives a primary interpretation of an interesting monument of Hellenistic architecture that was examined in 1984–1986 in Phanagoria excavation “Southern town”. Peculiar architectural remnants, characteristic fi nds (astragals, terracotta fi gurines) and absence of household features make it possible to conclude that this is a public building of the late 2nd — 3rd centuries BC in the southern outskirts of Phanagoria. It was also connected with religious functions; but as it is in a poor state of preservation it is out of the question to draw more bold conclusions concerning its sacral functions.

Key words: the Bosporus Kingdom, Phanagoria, Hellenism, antique architecture

DAILY ROUTINE OF A BOSPORAN RURAL DWELLER

A. A. Maslennikov

This is a pioneer covering of principal moments of ancient Bosporan rural dwellers daily life, which is based on the data obtained during excavations in the eastern Crimea. The paper briefl y runs through a number of subthemes, such as family life, dwelling, house building, clothes, travelling, work, leisure, labor, health, gender relations, language and culture, anthroponomy, social status, relations with authorities and with people of equal status, etc. More or less thorough in-depth study of these topics can be made nowadays. The paper also presents a survey of objective and subjective factors that one way or the other affected everyday life of the local population.

Key words: daily routine, way of life, rural population, European Bosporus, community, nature and society

A COMMENTARY ON THE BOSPORAN NUMISMATICS OF THE ROMAN PERIOD

V. L. Strokin

The article deals with unknown variations of 2nd — 3rd centuries AD Bosporan coins kept in private collections. These coins were found in ancient settlements situated in the Temryuk District of the Krasnodar Territory. The author publishes rare coins of Sauromates II, Rhescouporis III and Rhescouporis V.

Key words: the Bosporan Kingdom, ancient coins, Sauromates II, Rhescouporis III, Rhescouporis V

KELASUR WALL: ANOTHER APPROACH TO ARCHAEOMETRY

G. V. Treveleva, G. Yu. Yurkov, Yu. V. Gorlov, I. I. Tsvinariya, A. S. Agumaa, Sh. G. Kaitan

Kelasur wall is a most moot and mysterious monument of medieval Abkhazia. In 2010 scholars of the Institute of Archeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Institute of Humanitarian Studies, Abkhazian Academy of Sciences, within the framework of Russian-Abkhazian project examined 11 objects having to do with Kelasur wall. The study aimed at precise location of the objects with the help of GPS, mapping, taking mortar samples for chemical analysis. The latter makes it possible to speak about different masonry techniques and diversity in the construction time, which is reminiscent of L. N. Solovyov’s idea of three construction periods that is in perfect correlation with obtained mortar types.

Key words: Abkhazia, Kelasur wall, dating issue, construction techniques, chemical composition of mortar

THE HIEROPOIOI IN ANCIENT GREECE

V. S. Lenskaya

The paper deals with hieropoioi — officers in ancient Greek temples. They were members of temple administration elected for a year or some other period of time to organize certain events. They dealt with organization and fi nancial affairs of the temples. The paper dwells upon membership and functions of Athenian hieropoioi, and focuses on hieropoioi peculiarities of Delos, Kos, and other islands.

Key words: Ancient Greece, priests, hieropoioi, sacrifice, temples, temple administration

PSYCHOLOGY OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT ARMY REPRESENTATIVES (by the Example of Night Incident Outside Halicarnassus in 334 B.C.)

F. F. Kleimenov

The paper presents the analysis of ancient authors’ information concerning two drunken young soldiers from Perdikkas taxis who carried out an unauthorized night attack under the siege of Halicarnassus by Alexander of Macedonia in the fall of 334 B.C. The author of the paper considers this information trustworthy. As members of Macedonian army whose characteristic feature was competitiveness the soldiers staged an unauthorized bravery contest. Actions of the kind could be drought forth by alcohol abuse against the psychogenetic background, and by the psychological climate in the military unit, namely, the confrontation between young soldiers and veterans of Philip II.

Key words: Alexander the Great, Halicarnassus, military mentality, psychogenic state

THE EPISTATES IN THE ANTIGONID AND SELEUCID STATES

S. V. Smirnov, A. I. Yurin

The Roles of the epistates is the key point in understanding interrelations between central and local governments. The authors of the article discuss the functions of the epistates in two main Hellenistic states: in Macedonia under the Antigonids and in Syria under the Seleucids. Alongside certain research of epistates in each state there is an attempt to compare its functions in different areas. Authors come to conclusion that the epistates in each state had similar functions. Yet, no exact parallel can be drawn between functions of the epistates in Macedonia and Syria. Moreover we can observe the great differentiation between the epistates in these states, which can be attributed to different historical conditions that helped to form relations between king’s power and poleis.

Key words: epistates, Hellenism, Antigonids, Seleucids, king’s power

A RETHINK OF THE DATING OF WOULD-BE DEMETRIOS II AND STRATONICE’S MARRIAGE

A. L. Zelinsky

The article “Antigonid Matrimonial Policy in 250–220-s BC”, published in the “Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies”, issue 1, 2012 by Russian scholars Yu. N. Kuzmin and O. L. Gabelko challenges the dating of the marriage of Demetrios ІІ, future king of Macedonia, and Stratonice, the daughter of Antiochos ІІ Theos, which I have offered earlier. The article of my colleagues once again links the aforementioned event with the ending of II Syrian war (253/252 BC). Their comments have inspired me to review some of my earlier assumptions, and also to offer a few new arguments in support of my theory. As a result, I came to the conclusion that the marriage of Demetrios and Stratonice, which was planned and prepared by Antiochos ІІ, had actually taken place in the time of Seleukos ІІ Callinikos, son and successor of Antiochos II, in late summer or in early autumn of 246 BC.

Key words: Hellenism, dynasty history, Antigonids, Seleucids, Ptolemies, Demetrios II, Stratonice, Nikaia

LEX SEMPRONIA AGRARIA AND THE ALLIES

R. V. Lapyryonok

The article considers the impact of Tiberius Gracchus agrarian law on the property interests of the Roman allies. The author analyzes ancient sources that cover the problem and makes the conclusion that only Roman citizens could be granted land by the Gracchan agrarian commission. In his judgment records of the socii negative reaction to the IIIviri a. i. a. methods give evidence concerning Tiberius Gracchus’ intention to confi scate all the lands owned by the Roman allies to be allotted to the poor Romans.

Key words: Ancient Rome, lex Sempronia agraria, Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, Italia, the allies, ager publicus

ARTAVASDES II AND ARMENIAN-ROMAN RELATIONS IN THE MID 1st C. BC.

A. R. Panov

The paper presents the analysis of foreign policy pursued by Armenian King Artavasdes II in the context of confrontation between Romans and Parthians. The author fi nds it unjustifi ed to ascribe pro-Parthian orientation to Artavasdes II. His general policy can be interpreted as loyal to Roman interests. On the other hand, Roman attitude to Artavasdes II was more than cruel and inconsistent, which predetermined non-effective Roman-Armenian military cooperation.

Key words: Artavasdes II, Great Armenia, Parthian kingdom, Ancient Rome

FORMING AND DEVELOPING OF REGIONAL ARMY COMITATENSES IN LATE-ROMAN SPAIN OF THE 4th — EARLY 5th cent. AD.

Ye. A. Mekhamadiev

The present article deals with the little-studied aspect of Late Roman military history — the deployment of fi eld army comitatenses in Spain in the late 4th — early 5th cent. AD. The author dates the transfer of expeditionary armies as far back as 419 AD, identifi es their original deployment in Gaul and Northern Italy, and links their emergence in Late Roman Spain to the activity of military comes Asterius who was sent to Spain to fi ght with the tribes of Vandals and Suebi. The idea is that before 419 AD Spain did not undergo any serious military reforms, as before the early 5th c. AD its military force rested upon its old frontier units (alae, cohorts and one legion) of the principate times, which are enumerated in the XLII chapter of western list of Notitia Dignitatum. The author underlines that the presence of armies of German origin in Spain (federates from tribes of Francs and Alamanns), which is confi rmed by the data from the Duero river valley necropolises, can be dated only by the early 5th c. AD (407–411 AD, the time of Constantine III usurpation and the invasion of his son Constant intrusion into Spain).

Key words: Ancient Rome, Legio VII Gemina, Notitia Dignitatum, Asterius, the Duero river valley necropolises, federates, De Laude Pampilone

NEW COMPLEX OF THE NOMADIC ARISTOCRACY OF THE HUN-SARMATIAN EPOCH IN SOUTH ZAURALYE

S. G. Botalov, A. A. Ivanov

Mound no. 21 of Magnitny Necropolis (Agapovka district of Chelyabinsk Region) was examined in the summer of 2010. The western part of the burial ground revealed a rectangular burial pit of North-South orientation. The bulk of the grave goods comprised metal artifacts that could be referred to the «Roman wine kit» (a jug, a scoop, a strainer, a bailer, and a tumbler). The goods of Roman origin, as well as the bronze cauldron, the bronze mirror and others, represent quite a typical set for the Ural-Kazakh steppe complexes dating to the 2nd — 3rd centuries. AD. The Magnitny complex is an important landmark in nomad migration of the mid Late Sarmatians epoch. The migration route ran as far as the Carpathian basin by that time and back to the East in the middle of the 3rd century AD.

Key words: South Zauralye, Magnitny necropolis, Roman import, 2nd — 3rd centuris AD

HISTORY OF ARCHEOLOGICAL STUDY OF EARLY MEDIEVAL MONUMENTS OF AKHAL

V. N. Pilipko

The survey contains information concerning both published and unpublished study of Sassanid period monuments on Akhal territory (central part of Kopetdagh Mts foot). The research is still in its infancy. Relatively signifi cant excavations are carried out only on two settlements – Yandakly-depe and Togolokdepe. Togolok-depe materials are not published yet, which refer equally to lesser-scale works on Gondusdepe and Karaul-depe.

Key words: Central Asia, South Turkmenistan, Akhal, archeology, material culture, Sassanid period

THE HISTORY OF BACTRIAN HELLENISTIC CERAMICS STUDY AT THE PRESENT STAGE (LATE 1900-S – EARLY 2000-S)

R. V. Tikhonov (Yelets)

The paper deals with the history of Bactrian Hellenistic ceramics study at the present stage when ceramics become an object of special study due to accumulated knowledge and results of the latest archeological research. The works of the following historiographers should be mentioned: B. Lyonnet, S.B. Bolelov, O. Tsepova, A.A. Voskovsky, L.M. Sverchkov, J.D. Lerner, K. Abdullaev, R.V. Tikhonov.

Key words: Bactria, Hellenism, ceramics, study history

Details: Published: 09 April 2015; Last Updated: 11 December 2015; Hits: 5116

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Contents of №4, 2012