Abstract
The adaptive processes of migrants are quite complex and are caused by a variety of economic, social, cultural, educational factors, and problems. An important condition for the successful adaptation of migrants is their legalization, i.e. migration registration and statutory permits (work permits or patents). To legalize their stay in Russia, a migrant receives certain rights, which contribute to his or her integration into Russian society. Knowledge of the Russian language makes it possible to get information about employment regulations in Russia, increases the chances of obtaining legal work, reduces dependence on fellow countrymen in employment and advancement, enhances contact with the local population, ensures the implementation of the rights of migrants to vocational training, medical care and so on. Based on the results of opinion polls, as well as our own fi eld materials collected in 2014–2015, this article examines the integration and adaptation of migrants in the Republic of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan, Perm Territory, Samara and Orenburg regions – a complex ethnic and confessional composition of the population of the Russian regions. The offi cial governmental body designed to solve the problems of adaptation of migrants, is the Federal Migration Service of the Russian Federation. The regional and territorial management of the FMS carries out practical solutions to these problems in the region. Within the framework of the state migration policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, the Federal Migration Service and the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Passport and visa service” developed and implemented a project on opening a center of social adaptation of migrant workers. The studied regions experienced positive gains in implementing national policies at the level of the subject of federation and the whole of the Ural-Volga region. The active and successful activity of the municipal and regional authorities led to the integration of migrants into the local community. Of course, the Ural-Volga region has a positive image, which is based primarily on socio-economic, cultural, sports and other achievements as well as on good governance at the local level. This experience needs to be studied and spread to other regions of Russia.
Keywords
migration, migrant workers, adaptation, integration, social culture, social institutions, the Ural-Volga Region
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