Abstract
The article considers the fi rst systematization of the archaeological material researches of the Xiongnu monuments in Mongolia. We trace the investigation history from the 1920s to the present. In general, nearly hundred-year research results for Mongolian settlements can be summarized in the following way. The fi rst stage (1920s) revealed the fi rst fortifi ed and unfortifi ed settlements and collected fi eld research materials. During the second stage (1950s-1960s) they arranged the excavations on sites of the unfortifi ed settlement of Boroo and fortifi ed settlement of Gua-dov, Bayanbulak. After that fi rst architectural data were gained, as well as fi ner age determination of these objects performed. The third stage (1990s to the present) continues energetic Xiongnu settlement researches using modern scientifi c methods. These researches allow to gradate Xiongnu monuments along the surface, architectural peculiarities and cultural layer capacity, together with the new local chronology estimation within the Han period. Besides, such a prominent number of nonmigratory settlement complexes revealed and investigated for today allows a new view on the cultural, economic and political shape of the Mongolian Xiongnu society during their nomadic empire.
Keywords
settlement, hillfort, hunnu, Mongolia
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