Abstract
The author refers to the consideration of the barrows of Turkic-speaking nomads of the second half of the 1st millennium AD in the steppe zone of the Volga-Ural and Western Kazakhstan. There are only few such monuments in the region, and they are characterized by various features of the funeral ritual. They were obviously left by representatives of various ethnic groups of the medieval nomads, small in numbers, which occupied the steppe Ural-Caspian corridor for a short time. The reasons of low population density of these regions are still not well understood (possible military-political or ecological and climatic reasons are only assumed). Kurgan Donguz due to its characteristics resembles to the monuments of the late Western Turkic khanate, Atpa burial mounds reveals similarities with the Kimaks. In other cemeteries (Tamar- Utkul, Yaman, et al.) things reminding ancient nomadic Khazars and Bulgarians were found. However, the author states ethnic interpretations only in the preliminary way, because of the small number of the studied objects, fragmented artifacts discovered by archaeologists and the lack of a representative source base. Unifying features of the funeral rites, so-called “equestrian accessories” (stirrups and so forth), weapons items (arrowheads, parts of the composite bow, etc.), the headset typesetting belts are considered.
The era of “desolation” of East European steppes (to the east of the Trans-Volga) is completed in 9th – 10th centuries, when there among the whole territory a signifi cant number of tribal alliance monuments Pechenegs appears, followed by Oguz and Kipchak (but the realities of this process occurred at the beginning of the 2nd millennium AD).
Keywords
Prairie mounds, the second half of the 1st millennium, the Volga-Ural region
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