Abstract
The purpose of this article is to record the three Byzantine gold solidi and an Abbasid dirham of the 8th century that were uncovered during excavations at Khazarian Phanagoria in 2016. A small area of excavated urban build-up, where the Byzantine gold coins and Cufi c silver were discovered, includes two monumental houses (#10 and 16) located along the street running from the south-west to the north-east. Two solidi belong to the coinage of Tiberius III Apsimar, 698‒705, and the third one to Constantine V Copronymus with Leo IV Khazar, 741‒775. The last solidus bears graffi ti on its both sides. Besides, the coin is roundly truncated. Another similar solidus of these emperors found Phanagoria is in the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts. Numerous fi nds of the solidi of Constantine V in the Crimea and Caucasus certify to the apogee of political relations between Khazaria and the Byzantine Empire during his rule. Apart from the solidi, a silver dirham of Al Mahdi, 775‒785, was found on the fl oor of the House #16, in the Room 3. Three other Cufi c coins were formerly found at the settlement. The join fi nd of the Byzantine gold and Abbasid dirham expands our notion on the currency of Byzantine and Arab coins in the Khazarian khaganate during the 8th century. The uncovered coins demonstrate the short synchronous circulation of the Byzantine gold and Cufi c silver in Khazaria during the last quarter of the 8th century. The publication of the coins enriches the data base for the Byzantine and Cufi c numismatics from the Russian South.
Keywords
Phanagoria, Khazarian khaganate, Byzantine Empire, Arab Caliphate, currency, solidi, dirhams
Abramzon, M. 2011: The Roman and Early Byzantine Coins from the 1988, 2005‒2010 excavations at Phanagoria. In: N. Povalahev, V. Kuznetsov (Hrsg), Phanagoreia, Kimmerischer Bosporos, Pontos Euxeinos (Altertümer Phanagoreias. Bd. 1). Göttingen, 251‒274.
Abramzon, M.G. 2013: Zolotye antichnye i vizantiyskie monety iz fanagoriyskikh nakhodok. Problemy Istorii, Filologii, Kul’tury 2, 22–43.
Abramzon, M.G. 2016: Zolotye antichnye monety s graffi ti na Bospore. In: Bospor Kimmeriiskiy i varvarskiy mir v period antichnosti i srednevekov’ya (Bosporskie chteniya XVI), Kerch, 5–10.
Anfimov, I.N. 1990: Klad zolotykh monet VIII veka iz g. Sloavyanska-na-Kubani. In: Kubanskiy kraeved. Krasnodar, 218–229.
Atavin, A.G., Chkhaidze, V.N. 2004: Srednevekovye monety iz Fanagorii. In: Dvenadtsataya Vserossiyskaya numizmaticheskaya konferentsiya. Moskva, 19-24 aprelya 2004 goda. Tezisy dokladov i soobshcheniy. Moscow, 65–65.
Bykov, А.А. 1971: O khazarskom chekane VIII–IX vv. Doklad na III Vsesoyuznoy konferentsii arabistov. Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha XII, 26–36.
Chkhaidze, V.N. 2008: Tamatarkha. Rannesrednevekovyy gorod na Tamanskom poluostrove. Moscow.
Chkhaidze, V.N., Atavin, А.G. 2005: Srednevekye monety iz Fanagorii (k voprosu o bytovanii gorodishcha v X–XVIII vv.). In: Materialy po Istorii i Arkheologii Severnogo Kavkaza 5, 348–358.
Frolova, N.А. 2010: Antichnye zolotye monety v sobranii Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya (ot antichnosti do Vizantii). Moscow.
Füeg, F. 2007: Corpus of the Nomismata from Anastasius II to John I in Constantinople. 713– 976. London.
Gurulyeva, V.V. 2003: Graffi ti na zolotykh monetakh VIII v. iz Ermitazha. In: Odinnadtsataya Vserossiyskaya numizmaticheskaya konferentsiya. Sankt-Petersburg, 14–18 aprelya 2003 goda. Tezisy dokladov i soobshcheniy. Saint-Petersburg, 45–46.
Gurulyeva, V.V. 2004а: Zolotye monety Konstantina V (741–775), naydennye v Sudake. In: Sugdeyskiy Sbornik. Kiev–Sudak, 430–441.
Gurulyeva, V.V. 2004b: Novaya gruppa vizantiyskikh monet iz Slavyanskogo klada. In: Dvenadtsataya Vserossiyskaya numizmaticheskaya konferentsiya. Moskva, 19–24 aprelya 2004 goda. Tezisy dokladov i soobshcheniy. Moscow, 43–44.
Gurulyeva, V.V. 2005: Osobennosti i raznovidnosti podrazhaniy monetam vizantiyskikh imperatorov pervoy poloviny VIII v. v Krymu i Khazarii. In: Trinadtsataya Vserossiyskaya numizmaticheskaya konferentsiya. Moskva, 11–15 aprelya 2005 goda. Tezisy dokladov i soobshcheniy. Moscow, 44–45.
Gurulyeva, V.V. 2009: Vizantiyskie monety iz Slavyanskogo (Anastasievskogo) klada v sobranii Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha. In: Materialy i issledovaniya Otdela numizmatiki. Pamyati A.A. Markovoy (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha XLVIII). Saint-Petersburg, 68–85.
Gurulyeva, V.V., Kuleshov, V.S., Yurchenko, T.V. 2011: Monety iz Slavyanskogo (Anastasievskogo) klada. Numizmatika i Epigrafi ka XVIII, 136–186.
Kharko, L.P. 1968: Monetnye nakhodki v Fanagorii. In: Soobshcheniya Gosudarstvennogo Muzeya Izobrazitel’nykh Iskusstv imeni A.S. Pushkina IV, 94‒99.
Kovalenko, S.A. 2015: Vizantiyskie monety v sobhanii GMII im. A.S. Pushkina. Katalog kollektsii. Moscow.
Kropotkin, V.V. 1962: Klady vizantiyskikh monet na territorii SSSR (Svod Arkheologicheskikh istochnikov Е 4–4). Moscow.
Kruglov, E.V. 2004: Obrashchenie vizantiyskikh i arabskikh monet v Khazarskom kaganate v VIII v. i ikh datiruyushchie vozmozhnosti. In: Dvenadtsataya Vserossiyskaya numizmaticheskaya konferentsiya. Moskva, 19–24 aprelya 2004 goda. Tezisy dokladov i soobshcheniy. Moskow, 52–54.
Kuznetsov, V.D. 2014: Otchyet o rabote Fanagoriyskoy ekspeditsii Instituta arkheologii RAN v Fanagorii v 2014 g. (Archive IA RAS. № 45554).
Kuznetsov, V.D. 2015a: Otchyet o rabote Fanagoriyskoy ekspeditsii Instituta arkheologii RAN v Fanagorii v 2015 g. (Archive IA RAS. № 47481).
Kuznetsov, V.D. 2015b: Rannesrednevekovyy dom v Fanagorii в Фанагории. Drevnosti Bospora 20, 306–317.
Kuznetsov, V.D., Golofast, L.А. 2010: Doma khazarskogo vremeni v Fanagorii, Problemy Istorii, Filologii, Kul’tury 1, 393–429.
Markov, А.К. 1910: Topografi ya kladov vostochnykh monet (sasanidskikh i kufi cheskikh). Saint- Petersburg.
Miller, А.А. 1932: Tamanskaya ekspeditsiya GAIMK v 1931 g. Soobshcheniya Gosudarstvennoy Akademii Istorii Material’noy Kul’tury 7–8, 67–68.
P’yankov, Yu.V., Yurchenko, T.V. 2011: Vizantiyskie zolotye monety iz novykh postupleniy Krasnodarskogo muzeya-zapovednika. In: Vosemnadtsataya numizmaticheskaya konferentsiya. Moskva–Kolomna, 20–25 aprelya 2015 goda. Tezisy dokladov i soobshcheniy. Moskow, 40–42.
Pakhomov, Е.А. 1926–1966: Monetnye klady Azerbaydzhana i drugikh respublik, krayev i oblastey Kavkaza. I–IX. Baku.
Pletnyeva, S.A. 2000. Ocherki khazarskoy arkheologii. Moscow–Jerusalem.
Rozov, V.N. 1987: Vizantiyskie zolotye monety Tamanskogo gorodishcha. In: Kul’tura i iskusstvo Bospora (Soobshcheniya Gosudarstvennogo Muzeya Izobrazitel’nykh Iskusstv imeni A.S. Pushkina 8). Moscow, 154–157.
Semenov, A.I. 1994: New Evidence on the Slavyansk (Anastasievka) Hoard of the 8th Century AD Byzantine and Arab Coins. In: New Archaeological Discoveries in Asiatic Russia and Central Asia. Saint-Petersburg, 82–85.
Semyenov, A.I. 1996: “Varvarskie podrazhaniya” s territorii Khazarskogo kaganata. In: Chetvyertaya Vserossiyskaya numizmaticheskaya konferentsiya v g. Dimitrove 22–26 aprelya 1996 g. Tezisy dokladov. Moscow, 29–32.
Shishlov, А.V., Kolpakova, А.V., Fedorenko, N.V. 2016. Issledovaniya poseleniya u balki Lisovitskogo v Temryukskom rayone Krasnodarskogo kraya. In: Volkodav, N.V. (red.), Okhrana i sokhranenie arkheologicheskogo naslediya Tamani pri realizatsii stroitel’stva Tamanskogo terminal SUG i nefteproduktov: materialy akheologicheskoy nauchnoy konferentsii (Krasnodarskiy kray, Temryukskiy rayon, pos. Volna, aprel’, 2016 g.). Krasnodar, 131‒137.
Sidorenko, V.А. 2002: Podrazhaniya abbasidskim dirkhamam i dinaram v monetnom obrashchenii Tavriki khazarskogo vremeni. Materialy po Arkheologii, Istorii i etnografi i Tavrii IX, 429–454.
Sudarev, N.I. 1994: Pogrebeniya v rayone poseleniya Garkusha 1 (Patrey). Bosporskiy Sbornik 4, 108–126.
Tizingauzen, V.G. 1873: Monety Vostochnogo Khalifata. Saint-Petersburg.