HISTORY

Vysoky M. F., Kozlovskaya V. I., Podosinov A. V. (Moscow) — Problems of Greek Colonization of Oycumene: Results and Perspectives of Study (on the book: Greek Colonisation: An Account of Greek Colonies and Other Settlements Overseas. Vol.I. Leiden-Boston: Brill. 2006.)

THEMISTOCLES AND ARISTIDES: ADVERSARIES OR ALLIES?

V. P. Goushchin

The main subject of this article is a study of the policy pursued by Themistocles and Aristides who were very often labeled by ancient authors as political opponents. They began their political careers as prostates tou demou, which makes it possible to say that they followed the same political line, though the latter does not rule out the contest between them. After the battle of Salamis there came a dramatic shift in their relations from rivalry to cooperation.

Key words: Ancient Greece, Athens of the 5th c. BC, Aristides, Themistocles.

REHABILITATION OF THE RETAINING WALL OF EURESIBIOS AND ARETHA’S KURGAN IN THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL-ARCHEOLOGICAL RESERVE “ОLBIA”

Yu. N. Serov

The article is devoted to rehabilitation of the retaining wall of Euresibios and Aretha’s Kurgan, dated to the 2nd c. AD, that is located in the National Historical-Archeological Reserve “Оlbia”. The article also reveals restoration techniques employed by experts of the Kiev Branch of Research Institute “Proectreconstructsiya”.

Key words: Оlbia, restoration, rehabilitation.

THE HISTORY OF PHANAGORIAN NECROPOLIS STUDY

O. M. Voroshilova

The article is a survey of the recorded history of Phanagorian necropolis study. The author presents a list of all the jobs done at the necropolis during its study period, which resulted in adding to the archeological-topographical map of new sections discovered at the turn of the 20th c. alongside the sections known from the 19th c. Results of the author’s estimation of the excavation area during the period of 1936–2008 show that the ancient cemetery is far from thoroughly investigated in view of its largeness. There is a summary of discovered burials (about 1300 complexes) that fall into principal chronological groups. The article also presents a review of the principal publications concerning Phanagoriaт necropolis highlighting the fact that the majority of publications are limited to a brief description of burial places, which is far from suffi cient for an adequate analysis. Such a huge gap between an impressive number of explored burial complexes in Phanagoria and a number of publications devoted to its necropolis points to the necessity of studying both recently excavated burials, and much earlier acquired materials that are still little known to researchers.

Key words: Bosporus Cimmerian, Phanagoria, necropolis.

«DEDUCTIVE ARCHEOLOGY» AS A PRINCIPLE OF HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE: ESSENCE AND COGNITIVE CAPABILITIES OF RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PAST

P. B. Uvarov

Methodological crisis of a modern historical science is ascertained in this article. The author connects it with underestimation of possibility of deductiv logic of research. Proceeding from it, the new methodological principle of “deductive archeology» is developed in the article. The author justifi es epistemological foundation of proposed principle, application conditions, and also formalizes a concrete operational algorithm may be using in historical research.

Key words: deductive archeology, verity image.

ON THE COINS FROM OZYORNOYE III NECROPOLIS

N. I. Khrapunov

The article analyses eight coins excavated in Ozyornoye III necropolis in the Crimea, Ukraine. This third and fourth centuries AD necropolis was made by the Sarmatians and Alans. Seven graves were excavated in 1963–1965 by N. A. Bogdanova and I. I. Loboda. The fi nds include eight Roman coins: three silver pieces of Philip I Arab (244–247), Otacilia Severa (ca. 244–246) and Trajan Decius (249–251), and fi ve bronze pieces of Constantine I and Licinius I from 308–324. The analysis of coins as a part of the funeral rite is provided. Generally, the situation corresponds to that on other barbarian necropoleis of the period in the south-west Crimea, but in contrast to other sites, in Ozyornoye III coins were only in burial vaults. The source or sources from which those who made the necropolis received coins remains unknown; one can state that relations with it interrupted in the second half of the third century.

Key words: archaeology, Roman coins, necropolies, Crimea.

A UNIQUE LATE ANTIQUE TOREUTICS WORK OF ART FROM SOUTH URALS BURIAL

G. N. Garustovich, V. F. Ivanov

The article deals with stylistics and semantics of the image of a unique late antique bronze medallion that was found in Turbaslin-culture burial on the territory of Ufa. The medallion dates as far back as the 4th — 5th cc. BC.

Key words: Archeology, late antique toreutics, Turbaslinskaya archeological culture.

HELLENISTIC CERAMICS OF NORTHERN BACTRIA IN THE CONTEXT OF RECENT ARCHEOLOGICAL STUDY

R. V. Tikhonov

Ceramic craft provides clear evidence of Bactrian and Greek traditions interaction. This very reason can help to account for amphorae, phials, ‘fi sh dishes’, kraters, and asci in the area. We should remember that old forms that were characteristic of the previous period coexisted with the new ones. Jar-shaped vessels of a Greek-Bactrian complex are a vivid example of the fact.

Key words: ceramics, archeological research, Hellenism.

THE SPREAD OF ISLAM AMONG THE ADYGS OF NORTH-WESTERN CAUCASUS

I. A. Druzhinina

The article, based on the analysis of Adyg burial mounds material, deals with the spread of Islam in the 17th—18th cc. in the north-western Caucasus. The author puts forward a dating procedure for a number of burial places of the Black Sea north-eastern coast and in the foothills of the north-western Caucasus. The author also reveals evolution peculiarities of the Adyg burial rite of the time.

Key words: Adygs, the north-western Caucasus, Islam, burial ritual.

FEMALE WARRIORS OF THE RUSSIAN STEPPE. BARBARIANS AND CIVILIZATION BRINGERS

L. L. Selivanova

The myth about Amazons never seemed to lose its viability and was actively employed in Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and in modern times in many different ways, political ones among them. The article considers the use of the myth about Amazons and Scythians in the politics of Russia in the 18th c. The case in point deals with a little-known page of the Russian history concerning prince G.A. Potyomkin forming a female armed company in the Crimea.

Key words: Ancient civilization and barbarian world, Scythians.

GENRES OF PARISH RECORDS OF BELOYARSK VILLAGE AND THE NEIGHBORHOOD (BASED ON THE ARCHIVE RECORDS OF THE LATE 18th — EARLY 20th CC)

N. V. Statina

The article deals with the St. Frol and Lavr’s parish records content and information peculiarities (Byeloyarsk village, Chelyabinsk uezd, Orenburg gubernia). These records are little known, and they have not been subject to linguistic analysis so far. The paper is based on church handwritten records of the late 18th — early 20th cc from historical funds of Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Orenburg, and Ufa state archives. Comparative analysis of similar and dissimilar features of church record sheets reveals their signifi cance as a valuable language study source, involving a comprehensive linguistic method of attack based on historical principles.

Key words: public records, clerical lists, confession sheets, parish registers, ransacking registers.

RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF ALL-RUSSIAN ZEMSTVO AND CITY UNIONS: STAGES AND RESULTS OF THEIR RESEARCH

K.Ye. Bazhenova

The article deals with All-Russian Zemstvo and city Unions historiography formation and development. It also considers the state of the research source base, attendant problems, and conceptual approaches to the issue survey. Achievements and unsolved problems concerning All-Russian Zemstvo and city Unions history are analyzed at every historiography stage (late Imperial Russia, the Soviet Union, and nowadays). Further research prospects are outlined. The article also substantiates the necessity of promoting the study of regional peculiarities of the Unions activity, Ural materials including.

Key words: russian historiography, all-Russian Zemstvo union, all-Russian union of cities.

FERROUS METALLURGY OF THE USSR DURING EVACUATIONRE- EVACUATION PERIOD OF 1941–1945 (BASED ON CHELYABINSK DISTRICT MATERIALS)

A. V. Churikov

Using a vast body of most recent sources the author considers the state of ferrous metallurgy in Chelyabinskaya District, focuses on issues relating to evacuation and deployment of iron and steel works in the back areas of the country, considers the re-evacuation process and the restoration of factories in the areas freed from fascist invaders. Academic novelty value of the article consists in introducing a new research methodology and recently declassifi ed historical sources.

Key words: russian history, evacuation, ferrous metallurgy.

MASK AS ARTISTIC DEVICE AND SEARCH OF AUTHENTICITY: FROM HELLENISTIC TIMES TILL RESTORATION

Ye. A. Lomakina

The article is about evolution of the mask as an artistic device from Hellenistic times till Restoration in the 17th century. While being the means of cultural and national self-identifi cation the mask goes through several transformation stages changing from the carnival mask into the masquerade one. These stages are determined through Hellenistic, Roman, Del’ Arte, Shakespearian masks. Every stage defi nes peculiar features of its mask beginning with size and colour winding up with “Punchinello” features or a special disguise of the character.

Key words: mask, transform, means, device.

THE AFTERLIFE WORLD GEOGRAPHY IN RUSSIAN SPIRITUAL POETRY OF THE 19th C. OBJECTIFIED BY BIBLICAL AND FOLKLORE SET PHRASES

O. A. Arapov

The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the afterlife spatial arrangement that is objectifi ed in Russian spiritual poetry of the 19th c. through phraseological means. The author comes to recognize that the afterlife world in Russian spiritual poetry is binary with two geographically opposed parts — hell and heaven.

Key words: Spiritual poetry, set phrase, the afterlife.

THE TRADITIONS OF THE LUBOK AND RAYOK IN THE ELITE DOMESTIC «FAIRY» BOOK OF THE 19th CENTURY

O. I. Timanova

The traditions of the lubok and rayok in the elite domestic «fairy» book are poorly investigated. In clause they are traced on an example of a late fairy tale by Vasiliy Zhukovskiy «As mice of a cat buried » (1845), left in a «Gift» series of the known Moscow publisher of the end 19th — the beginnings of the 20th centuries Joseph Knebelja with George Narbut’s illustrations. The line of democratization of the literary stylized fairy tale is considered as the art phenomenon having sociolcultural roots.

Key words: the Elite and mass “fairy” book, the literary stylized fairy tale, the “black” book market.

ST. JOHN’S APOCALYPSE IN RUSSIAN POETRY OF THE 19th — 20th CC

O.Yu. Baryshnikova

The depiction of apocalyptic motifs in Russian poetry of the 19th — 20th cc varies a lot depending on the author’s creative personality. Some authors (I. A. Bunin, ieromonakh Roman) render whole chapters (1, 4, 6, etc.) close to the original text, given Bunin displays Old Testament origin, Roman — that of the New Testament. Others (K.R., A.Blok, V. Bryusov) modify the meaning of some verses when they use them as epigraphs. Some (A. Apukhtin) render the idea of the Revelation; the poetry of others contains some fragments of the Revelation, its imagery and symbolism (F. Tyutchev, N. Gumilyov). Some authors (K.R., ieromonakh Roman) follow traditions of Russian orthodoxy, .others break with them.

Key words: Apocalypse (the Revelation of St. John), Russian poetry, Russian orthodoxy.

CHEKHOV AND KIRKEGOR ON TIME DURING DIFFERENT PHASES OF LIFETIME

T. B. Zaitseva

The article deals with peculiarities of emotional perception of time by A. P. Chekhov’s characters in the context of S. Kirkegor’s philosophical concept of time (based on the novelette “My Life”).

Key words: A. P. Chekhov, S. Kirkegor, concept of psychological time, novelette “My Life”.

RUSSIAN FANTASY CHARACTER TYPES OF THE 1990-S AS AN EMBODIMENT OF PRINCIPAL SPIRITUAL QUEST TRENDS

Ye. A. Chepur

The article is based on the novels of such contemporary writers as S. Alekseyev, A. Belyanin, A. Bushkov, A. Lazarchuk and M. Uspensky, S. Luk’yanenko, Yu. Nikitin, M. Semyonova, M. Fray, and Ye. Khayetskaya. It presents typological analysis of Russian fantasy characters. The study results in three interpenetrating character types, namely Adventurer, Arbiter, and Guardian. The author concluded that typological approach is the most productive for understanding specific nature of fantasy genre. Conclusions are also made concerning the declared types as bearers of free mythological, creative world perception, religious, esoteric, or objective historical thinking that are contrasted with inhumane rationalism.

Key words: fantasy, character, type.

“IMPERIAL THINKING” AS AN AXIOLOGICAL BASIS OF J. MORIER’S NOVEL “ENGLISH ADVENTURE OF KHAJI-BABA FROM ISFAHAN”

S. N. Kozhevnikova , L. I. Iskhakova

This is a study of literary presentation of England and Englishmen in the novel “English Adventure of Khaji-Baba from Isfahan” by J. Morier revealing the author’s peculiar attitude. The East and the West are treated in the context of traditional European Orientalism and British imperial thinking. According to these beliefs Western culture has accumulated many values that are beyond the reach of eastern civilization due to its primitive and backward nature. England is presented as the highest achievement of western civilization. It is a duty of both Englishmen and the western world to adjust underdeveloped eastern nations to western culture.

Key words: orientalism, British thinking, J. Morier

THE IMPACT OF CH. REUTER’S NOVEL “SCHELMUFFSKY” UPON ROMANTICISM IN GERMAN LITERATURE

S. V. Guseva

Ch. Reuter’s Novel “Schelmuffsky” had a great impact on German literature, especially on creative work of Heidelberg romanticists who analyzed the main character of Ch. Reuter’s novel from the viewpoint of romantic theory setting Schelmuffsky against Philistinism. The Grimm brothers promoted republication of the modernized novel. Ch. Brentano used some of the features of Reuter’s novel in his work, namely, style peculiarities, characters’ disposition, etc. A lot of the credit for modernizing and romanticizing the image of Schelmuffsky must go to Von Arnim who opposes his Schelmuffsky to that of Reuter’s, thus revealing the romantic nature of his hero against the background of social reality of the early 19th century.

Key words: German literature, Romanticism, picaresque novel.

D. H. LAWRENCE AND THE LITERATURE OF THE IMAGINARY RANANIM

M. B. Feklin

The article is devoted to the study of the controversial attitude of the English author D.H. Lawrence to Russian classical literature, which involved imitation, the use of narrative models, in the first place those of Turgenev, sharp criticism and outright rejection. At the same time the impact of Russian classical authors on Lawrence was beyond any doubt powerful, especially at the time when his original narrative style was shaped.

Key words: literary study, D.H. Lawrence.

STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC CLASSIFICATION OF CZECH BINARY SET PHRASES

D. B. Andrianova

The article considers structural and semantic types of Czech binary set phrases with particular emphasis on specific correlation between components of such phrases. Some syntactic models of binary set phrases are analyzed from the viewpoint of relationship between the general meaning of a phrase and that of its components.

Key words: the Czech language, binary phrases, structural and semantic classification.

LEXICAL VARIATION AND SYNONYMY OF SOMATIC SET PHRASES (RUSSIAN AND SWEDISH SET PHRASES WITH THE COMPONENT ‘HEAD’)

A. A. Gulyakova

Set expressions are often subject to variation both in actual speech and fi ction. Variation of lexical components is most typical of set phrases. The main criterion of variation consists in an image identity and in a relative identity of a set phrase. Set expression identity as variant or synonymous is a challenge as the borderline between synonymy and thematic uniformity of set expression components is very often vague. Both detailed linguistic analysis of set phrases of one language and intralanguage comparison are instrumental in identifi cation of the kind. There are three principal groups of set phrases containing variants and synonyms both in Russian and Swedish, in which somatisms are either used in their direct meaning (direct nomination), or they are used metonymically or metaphorically. The latter group in both languages is the biggest one. Concurrent properties as a basis for metaphoric transfer (material, shape, function, and place) testify to the universal character of semantic patterns of such phrases.

Key words: set expression, synonymy, lexical variarion.

MULTIMEMBER GOVERNMENT OF ATTITUDINAL PROCESSUAL COMPLEMENT SET PHRASES

I. G. Kazachuk

The article deals with multimember government of attitudinal processual complement set phrases, defines the form and meaning of corresponding complements, gives combinations of cases in multimember government constructions, determines factors that modify the form of components governed by a processual set phrase.

Key words: word combination, processual set phrase, multimember government.

SET SIMILES IN RUSSIAN PROVERBS

Ye. K. Nikolayeva

This article puts forth a new typology of proverbial expressions based on different types of comparative constructions that present principal semantic and compositional element of Russian proverbs. This research is based on the analysis of the material included in the recent «Large Dictionary of Russian Proverbs» (70.000 entries). The article also touches upon the problem of establishing the corpus of set similes to be included in the dictionaries.

Key words: proverb, set simile, comparative pattern.

THEMATIC INITIATION AND PROGRESSION IN PUBLIC DIALOGUE

R. A. Usmonov

Public discourse of offi ce-holders as a rule covers several utterances and possesses a high degree of coherence. Actions like introducing, changing, shifting, completing, or weakening theme-line would entail other actions to actualize the theme. Among these, for example, are questions, offers, etc.

Key words: public discourse, utterance, communication.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CZECH-RUSSIAN AND SLOVAK-RUSSIAN PHRASEOLOGICAL COMPETENCE

D. Balakova, V. Kovachova

The article is a study of Czech-Russian and Slovak-Russian phraseological competence issues that are of high importance for nowadays linguistic situation. The article presents results of interlinguistic comparative study of phraseological competence on the basis of the novel by a Polish writer, A. Sapovsky.

Key words: phraseological competence, Russian/ Czech/ Slovak language, semantic interpretation of set phrases.

FRAGMENTS WITH DENOTATIVE AND FACTUAL SEMANTICS IN A MODULAR MEMORIAL TEXT STRUCTURE

Ye.V. Bykova

The article presents notional fragments with denotative and factual semantics. It also contains the analysis of their communicative function in modular texts. The paper is based on the analysis of examples of texts of memorial plaques put up in the cities of Russian Federation.

Key words: semantics, communication, function.

THE PROBLEM OF COMPOSITIVE NOMINATIVE UNITS OF THE KHANTY LANGUAGE

S. V. Onina

The article considers the compositive nominative units, which are one of the active methods of formation of new words in the Khanty language. The author assigns special criteria for differentiation between compound words and expressions: phonetic, morphological, semantic, syntactic and spelling.

Key words: compositive nominative units, criteria, vocabulary, the Khanty language.

PRONUNCIATION STANDARD OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE: CONVERGENCE TENDENCY

Yu. A. Nenasheva

The study of the pronunciation standard, classifi cation of pronunciation variants of linguistic units does not only allow describing the system of the language synchronically but it also helps to determine the tendency of its change: convergence of pronunciation variants being one of these tendencies.

Key words: pronunciation standard, classifi cation of pronunciation variants of linguistic units.

ELLIPSIS AS A MEANS OF EXPRESSIVENESS

N. N. Kuznetzova

The article deals with factors that promote and intensify expressiveness through ellipsis, a fi gure of speech characterized by incomplete utterance. These factors comprise 1) the meaning of the omitted sentence member, 2) context nature, 3) the number of unreplaced syntactic positions, and 4) the quality of unreplaced syntactic positions. Poetic texts of the 20th century help to illustrate each of these factors, their concrete manifestations, and their peculiarities.

Key words: ellipsis, expressiveness, omitted sentence member.

ADVERTISEMENT-BASED ENGLISH WINGED PHRASES

K. V. Kamenev

The article deals with English winged phrases originating from advertisement slogans, their structure, meaning, and their principal functions in modern English.

Key words: winged phrases, advertisement slogans.

HISTORICAL CONDITIONS FOR MORDOVIAN POPULATION FORMATION IN THE SOUTH URALS

O. Yu. Trofimova

The author considers historical conditions for Mordovians settling down in the South Urals in the 17th — 19th centuries on the basis of documentary record. The author also presents the analysis of changes in Mordovian settlements that lost their uniformity becoming more mixed. Other ethnic groups’ migration and that of Mordovians brought forth a considerable decrease of Mordovian population.

Key words: mordovians, migration, settlement.

TERRITORY-BASED CHUVASHI ETHNIC GROUP FORMATION IN BASHKORTOSTAN OF THE 19th — EARLY 20th CC.

V. V. Medvedev

The paper based on published and fieldwork materials touches upon the formation of Chuvashi ethnic group in the 19th-early 20th cc on the territory of contemporary Bashkortostan. The article presents a most careful consideration of migration reasons and its progress, gives a list of Chuvashi settlements with ethnic composition. In some cases the author gives examples illustrating present-day condition of the settlements.

Key words: ethnography, Bashkortostan, territory-based ethnic group.

ON THE FUNCTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF A FEMALE HEADDRESS SURPAN IN CHUVASH RITES AND TRADITIONS

I. G. Petrov

The article deals with functions and signifi cance of Chuvash female headdress surpan in the context of different rites, mostly rites pertaining to the life cycle. The author comes to the conclusion that the functional meaning of the headdress is much wider and it is not restricted to the ethnic costume sphere.

Key words: traditional costume, headdress, rites and traditions, the Chuvash.

TOFALAR ETHNIC IDENTITY IN THE EARLY 21st C.

S.A. Bakhtin

The author on the basis of his fi eldwork reveals issues of ethnic identity of Tofalars at the present time. The results may be taken into account when optimizing ethnic policy in the region.

Key words: Tofalars, ethnic identity, minority natives of the North, Siberia, and the Far East.

Details: Published: 08 April 2015; Last Updated: 11 December 2015; Hits: 3979

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