Abstract
In 2010–2012, a south-eastern entrance complex and a landing stage were discovered in the Bactrian fortress Kampyrtepa. A fi rst sample of ancient infrastructure of the bridge across the Oxus (Amu Darya) was recovered. A pier had functioned from the foundation of the settlement Kampyrtepa in the fi rst third of the 3rd century BC. In 2015 a new archaeological evidence was found. It is the entrance part of a large-scale Early Hellenistic construction No. 36 (a shelter) bordering with the territory of southeast pier. There were no other constructions in those times. The entrance complex of the fortress was build here in the 1st century BC – in the fi rst half of the 1st century BC. It was composed of a tower situated on the top terrace and the two-level platform representing a pier on the lower natural terrace.
A courtyard was located at the fi rst level of a terrace. Newcomers and people crossed the river stayed there for a short time. Most probably, they expected here an order on their further location in the fortress. Waiting people could visit shops located at the second level of the terrace to buy bread, water, wine and meat. Besides, after all adventures they could sacrifi ce to gods and the Deity of Oxus in gratitude for a safe crossing the river. We suppose that the order on pier could be maintained by a guard composed of two-three soldiers who took cover in a small cave in a hill slope. During the rule of Kanishka I in the beginning of the 2nd century AD “the lower city” of Kampyrtepa was surrounded with a wall and eleven towers. The southeast tower of an entrance complex was a part of this fortifi cation. Large-scale reconstruction was made on the lower part of the entrance complex at this time. The southeast entrance complex was intensively used until the end of Kampyrtepa in the middle of the 2nd century AD.
Keywords
Bactria, fortress Kampyrtepa, Hellenism, Early Kushans, landing stage
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