HISTORY OF ANCIENT WORLD AND ARCHAELOGY

Yailenko V.P. (Moscow) — Plagiarism — essays of Sumer art (reviewer on V.V. Yemelyanov's Book "Ancient Sumer". Cultural essays. St.Petersburh, 2001. 368 p.; 2nd edition. St. Petersburgh, 2003. 320 p.)

Zakharov A.O. (Moscow) — Munoz P.M. Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet, 2006. 392 p., ill.

SCIENTIFIC EVENTS

Molev E.A. (Nizhnii Novgorod) — Studying History of Rome at Nizhnii Novgorod University

THE MACEDONIAN ARMY SUPPLIES WITH FOOD, WATER AND FORAGE DURING EASTERN CAMPAIGN

A.A. Kleimyonov

The article examines organization of Alexander the Great army supplies in Asia Minor. The system of supply consisted of traditional and new methods. The novelty was in using Persian traditions of providing food, water and forage. In order to achieve his task Alexander the Great used Persian roads, food bases, taxed the countries in natural taxes. As a result there appeared an effective system of army supply.

TWO GROUPS OF MACEDONIAN TETRADRACHMS OF THE ROMAN PERIOD IN THE STATE HISTORICAL MUSEUM

Abramzon M.G., N.A. Frolova

The numismatic collection of the State Historical Museum contains two groups of tetradrachms issued in the Roman province Macedonia in the 2nd — 1st centuries BC. The first group is composed on 17 pieces of the type Macedonian shield-club. These coins were struck in the First region of Macedon under Roman hegemony and are dated to 148–60 BC. The second group contains 13 tetradrachms issued by the Roman questor Aesillas in 95–65 BC. The authors examine mainly the problem of chronology of Aesillas the Questor's coinage.

POMPEIUS' CLIENTELE OF ASIA MINOR DURING CIVIL WAR IN 49–47 B.C.

Yu.A. Bibarsova

The basic purpose of the article is consideration of character on Pompeius' relations with his Asian «friends", allies and clients. The work reveals features of those numerous contacts and gives the analysis on the way the Roman politician exercised his influence on his Oriental clientele and the estimation of provincials' activity in war against Caesar. Besides, the author answers a question, whether Pompeius' policy differes from a policy of his predecessors, and whether it was possible for Pompeius' to create in the East a special optimum system of the patron-client relations, favourable to both sides.

EMPERORS' WAX IMAGES IN CEREMONY OF APOTHEOSIS

E.V. Kulikova

The article considers a number of debatable questions on the custom of wax images use — the effigies in a funeral ceremony of the Roman emperors. In particular, the author inquires whether the custom to expose instead of a body of the governor his wax image was connected to a family cult of ancestors, and whether the use of effigies was the integral part of the imperial funeral ceremony or they resorted to such a practice only in extraordinary cases and how long the ritual existed. The work done by the author and comparison of pieces of evidence from antique and early Byzantine sources allow to come to a conclusion about existence of the indissoluble connection between practice of wax figures use by the emperors and the ceremony of their posthumous deification. Absence of instructions concerning wax images use in ceremony of burial of Constantinus the Great and any mentions of effigies in later sources only confirms the conclusions made in the article, and testifies that funeral of the first Christian emperor marked a new stage in development of the imperial cult and ideology of imperial authority, in the whole.

ABOUT SPECIFICITY OF ROMAN PRESENCE AND CULTS OF THE ARMY IN AFRICAN PROVINCES

N.I. Solovyanov

In Roman Africa warriors revered not only official deities, but also oriental and local ones and it was not typical for the other region of Roman Empire. Necessity of studying such aspects of Roman history as religion and cults of the Roman army arises from a problem of the detailed studying of antique civilizations which is quite urgent to historians. The article views the features of the Roman military presence in Africa and cults of the garrison billeted in the colonial possession.

SARMATIAN-ALANIAN BURIAL IN THE EAST NECROPOLIS OF PHANAGORIA EXCAVATED BY I.E. ZABELIN IN 1870

E.G. Pankratov

The article views the problem of relationship between Greek population of the Northern Black Sea Coast and Sarmatian tribes which appeared at the borders of Bosporus in the second half of the 4th century BC. The archeological data really testifies to close enough contacts between the Phanagorians and Sarmatian population.

THE LAST SEA CAMPAIGN OF MEOTHIAN BARBARIANS

S.V. Yartsev

The author examines the problem of the last Meothian barbarians’ sea campaign from the Asov Sea region to the Asia Minor. Author believes that this invasion was inspired by Bosporian government in order to capture the territory of Rome, which became weak. The first plot of chapter 53 of the emperor Constantine VII's work is «De Administrando Imperia».

THE BACTRIAN KING IN NOMAD INTERPRETATION

G.A. Koshelenko, V.A. Gaibov

The article deals with two golden buckles with images of a warrior found by the Soviet-Afghan Archaeological Mission in the grave № 3 in the Tillya-tepe Necropolis (the Northern Afghanistan) in 1978–1979. Authors consider this burial to be the most important in the necropolis. They believe the buckles demonstrate the image of a King-conqueror which penetrated in the nomad art under the influence of neighbour Parthia.

GENDER SYMBOLISM IN THE SINTASHTA CHILD BURIALS

N.A. Berseneva

The article focuses on «archaeology of children» and it concerns the burials of the Sintashta cultural groups. The sites of the Sintashta culture are currently dated to the 19th — 17th centuries BC (Middle Bronze Age). In Sintashta necropolises, child burials are represented in extremely large numbers for prehistoric mortuary sites (up to 70% of all the dead). This unique material gives the excellent ground for ancient childhood investigations. The first purpose of the article is to define symbolic markers of age and, possibly, gender for sub-adult burials. The second is to try to determine the gender identity of Sintashta children.

RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGY OF SITES OF THE TYPE OF MAJKOP BURIAL AND NOVOSVOBODNENSK TOMBS

S.N. Korenevskii, A.D. Rezepkin

The article deals with some new chronological data received under the excavations of the Bronze Age sites in the Caucasus. The carbon analysis has been made by laboratories of Oxford, Moscow, Kiev etc. Results show that the chronological gap of Majkop sites is 4000/3900–3000/2900 BC. These data confirm the opinion of R.M. Munchaev who divided the chronology of Majkop culture into three stages in 1994.

TRADE COMMUNICATIONS IN THE VOLGA-URAL REGION ACCORDING TO WRITTEN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOURCES (6th CENTURY B.C. — 7th CENTURY A.D)

A.V. Bezrukov

According to ancient historians and geographers, large tribal unions of the Volga-Ural Region secured the functioning of trade communications during the 6th century B.C. – 7th century A.D. The author examines the role of tribes in transt trade.

GENERAL-LIEUTENANT A.N.ASTAFJEV AND HIS COLLECTIONS

M.V. Kurmaev

In the article one can view the life and activities of one of the most outstanding representatives of Russian military intelligentsia during the reign of Nikolai I — commandant of Main emperor’s apartment A.N. Astafiev. The work exposes his investment in preservation of poets’ literature heritage of the first half of the 19th c., characterizes the content of his autographs and books’ collections, which served as a basis for Kerensk Public library. The author shows A.N. Astafiev’s relations with A.S. Pushkin, M.I. Glinka, A.S. Dargomigsky, K.R. Bryullov and others by the wide range of sources, even not published earlier.

SMALL ESTATE LAND PROPERTY AND LAND TENURE IN THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION IN 60–90-s OF THE 19th CENTURY

I.V. Shapovalova

The author examines evolution of the small estate land property and land tenure during the reforms. The research is done on the basis of comparison of the above with the middle and the large estate striations of the nobility. During all the post reform period rates of reduction of the ground fund at small estate noblemen went faster than at representatives of other striations of small estate owners. In a general estate ground market the small estate owners sold more grounds than bought in comparison with the middle and the large estate nobility so it was a reflection of a crisis condition within a small estate economy. Hypothecary establishments were least of all interested in crediting of manors of the minor noblemen.

ECONOMIC REFORMS IN RUSSIA DURING FIRST DECADES OF THE 19th C.

N.V. Korshunova

The work presents the analysis on basic problems of the economic policy of Russia during the first decades of the 19th c. The author analyses the customs policy of the government during the specified period. Some concrete examples of the industry development show significance of the protectionism policy. The author also considers measures of financial stabilization undertaken during the reign of Alexander I. In order to give a complete analysis on economic policy the author examines the projects of economic reforms of N.P. Rumjantsev, N.S. Mordvinov, M.M. Speransky, O.P. Kozodavlev.

INFLUENCE OF D.A. MILJUTIN'S MILITARY REFORM ON TRAINING THE COSSACK OFFICER STAFF IN SECOND HALF 19th C.

D.V. Bobylev

D.A. Miljutin's military reform is considered in the field of military education. The essence of the reform was to separate a course of general education in military schools from a military — special course and to establish for each of them separate educational institutions. So, it became obligatory to take a course in military collages and schools in order to receive the officer rank. The author views the system of training of the Cossack officer staff, and the process of setting up a network of military schools, including Cossack military schools and the Cossack departments at military schools in Novocherkassk, Orenburg and Stavropol.

SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF MUTUAL RELATIONS OF THE STATE AND CHURCH IN RUSSIAN HISTORY

I.A. Tolchev

Some theoretical aspects of the church-state relations in Russian history are under consideration. The author suggests using as a basic methodological unit of the studies a concept rarely used in a historical science «the symphony of authorities». Further, the possibility of the concept application to realities of Russian history is considered taking into account basic intrinsic characteristics of the given concept, its concrete historical essence.

SOUTHERN URAL MONKS AND THE «CHAPEL» OLD BELIEVERS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th AND BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURIES

N.S. Fedorov

The article deals with peculiarities of common life, activities, place in religious hierarchy and influence on the old believers' population in conditions of changes in Southern Ural monks' life and the «chapel» of Old Believers in the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th cc.

«COMMUNITIES OF THE ENLIGHTENED» (THE ANARCHISTS ABOUT POLITICAL AND SPIRITUAL PROCESSES IN RUSSIA AFTER OCTOBER 1917)

V.P. Sapon

The author publishes is one of the chapters of the typescript «The Essays on Out of date Psychology», found personal in the record (1925) of V.V. Ber, the organizer of the anarcho-mystical Order of Spirit in Nizhnii Novgorod. So far, only «esoteric» works of Russian mystical anarchists have come into scientific use, therefore «The Essays…» are of great interest as an example of political thought of the mentioned ideological trend. The author of the typescript was supposedly the prominent anarchist A.A. Karelin (1863–1926) or someone of his close associates.

TO HISTORY OF RUSSIAN COSSACKS IN ARMENIA

S.M. Stepanyants

The history of foundation and establishment of Cossacks in Armenia in the second quarter of the 19th century, just after the joining of East Armenia to Russian empire, the stationing and quartering of units of North-Caucasian Cossack Troops on the territory of Armenia, and also the establishment of Cossack villages in a newly conquered area are regarded in the article. The facts about the heroic deeds of Cossacks during the I World War at Caucasus front and friendly attitude of the local Armenian population are widely presented in the article.

THE DON COSSACK CHORUS UNDER S.A. ZHAROV'S CONDUCT: APPRAISAL OF EMIGRANT AND FOREIGN PRESS

A.L. Hudoborodov, I.A. Fisher

A contribution to Russian and world music art of the Don Cossack chorus under S.A. Zharov's conduct in 1920–1930-s is under consideration. The author examines history of the chorus, the art style of its leader Sergey Zharov, the highest professionalism of chorus participants, repertoire of the chorus and its authority among emigrant and foreign students. The work is done on materials of emigrant and foreign press. For the first time motives and reasons of the negative attitude to performances of chorus in Riga in 1928 on the part of Latvian press are shown in the historical literature. Authors of the article show some critical opinions on performances of the chorus among Russian, including the Cossack emigrants, so it testifies that the chorus had gone through various stages in its creative development.

CULTURAL AND EDUCATION WORK AMONG THE NATIONAL MINORITIES (1917–1930-s)

V.V. Solodova

The urgent problem of the cultural-educational work among the national minorities is under consideration. The author showed that new cultural policy of Bolsheviks was supposed to rise cultural and educational level of all the groups of the population including national minorities. So, in whole, this policy had a rather favourable effect on culture development, especially for retrograded peoples. The author tackles this problem using facts of South Ural region, Orenburg province and Chelyabinsk region.

«EMIGRANT FUNDS» OF STATE ARCHIVE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AS A SOURCE IN RESEARCH OF RUSSIAN ABROAD OF 20–30-s OF THE 20th C.

V.A. Mitrokhin

In the article emigrant funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation collection are analyzed from the point of the research on the problems of political history of Russian Abroad in the twenties and the thirties of the 20th century. The author specifies the exclusive role of the specified archival materials in historical reconstruction of political and cultural space of «Russia №2».

SOME QUESTIONS ON RESEARCH OF RUSSIAN EMIGRATION OF «THE FIRST WAVE» IN THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st C.

V.A. Mitrokhin

A historiography process of Russian emigration of «the first wave" in the beginning of 2000 is under consideration. The author analyzes the most significant works published at that time, pays attention to the altered character and orientation of scientific researches in comparison with the previous period that is the nineties of the 20th c.

LITERARY PROCESS OF 1930-s AS MEANS OF FORMATION AND PROPAGATION OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR IMAGE

O.Yu. Starodubova

The Soviet authority exerted rigid control over fiction, seeing it as effective means of influence on public consciousness. In 1930-s the fiction was a part of the huge propaganda mechanism. The Soviet writers were considered by authority as a group of ideological fighters, and the works created by them served as «true weapon» to protect the state against external enemies. The process of making those propaganda «weapons» was aimed at creating the image of the First World War completely corresponding to ideological canons.

FROM THE HISTORY OF DAILY LIFE OF SOVIET CITY: MAGNITOGORK PEOPLE' LEISURE (1929–1935)

N.N. Makarova

The soviet authority aspired to use all free time of the population for education of a new person — the person of the socialist society that is a patriot, a worker and a fighter for justice. Magnitogorsk became a vivid example of a new way of life for all Soviet Union, including organization of leisure. So, local and central authorities paid significant attention to formation of various forms of leisure of the population. The author examines specified programms of pastime at Magnitogorsk population and analyzes the reasons of their failure.

SOVIET STATE WORK IN HIGH SCHOOL REFORMING IN 1928–1934. (ОN MATERIALS OF THE URAL AREA)

E.N. Anashkin

The article describes some separate measures taken by the Soviet Government as a component of modernization on a personnel training system in accordance with the political interests in industrialization. In the author s opinion taking into account and thinking over the experience of the period reforms of the educational system will allow to follow successfully the chosen concept aimed at modernizing the educational system of Russia nowadays.

SOVIET DIPLOMATIC CORPUS AND ITS WORK WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF ANTIHITLERITE COALITION DURING GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

I.O. Koldomasov

In any war the special role belongs to diplomats — those who are professionally responsible for realization of a state foreign policy. During the Great Patriotic war the Soviet diplomacy worked in extra conditions, a special place in the USSR policy belonged to the allies: the USA and the Great Britain. Actions of diplomats had been strictly subordinated to the will of the Kremlin and personally Stalin. The Soviet authorities watched closely all the assignments of the ambassadors and their work abroad, quite often preferring fidelity and skill «to hold the blow" to knowledge of a foreign language and other professional qualities. It led to complications in contacts with the western countries, but allowed to achieve the basic aim that is to struggle successfully with the fascism, avoiding any friendly relations.

TRADE UNIONS ACTIVITY ON IMPROVEMENT OF WORK CONDITIONS AND REDUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL INJURIES AT CHELYABINSK REGION FACTORIES (THE 60-s OF THE 20th c.)

O.F. Mikhaylovskaya

This article is dedicated to quite an urgent problem. Author considers causes and consequences of industrial injuries at the factories of Chelyabinsik region during the sixties of the 20th century. The author showed that the main cause of accidents at the works are negligence of workers and managers, inability to equip the work places in a proper way, infringement of safety measures and absence of guidance and control from the trade union.

DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN SOUTH URAL IN THE SIXTIES–EIGHTIES OF THE 20th c.

O.A. Golubeva

The modern tourism industry is undergoing significant changes: these are restructuring of the management and financing systems, setting of new priority trends for touristic facilities, elaboration and adoption of the development programs specifying new objectives and tasks for the tourism industry. The governmental control in the Soviet Russia and in the Ural region, in particular, has allowed to achieve significant positive results in developing the touristic and excursion activities.

HISTORY OF STATE POLICY IN CIVIL EDUCATION IN NATIVE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF 1950–2000

N.A. Grigorjeva

The article is the historiographic review on a problem of studying the history of a native state policy in a sphere of civil education. The methodological bases for studying the given problem are also considered. The author focuses attention on the basic stages, directions of the native historiography in 1950–2000 that has allowed to characterize dynamics of priorities within the native state educational policy in a historical context.

ORIGINALITY OF ELEGIAC GENRE IN THE EARLY E.A.BORATYNSKY'S WORKS

S.V. Rudakova

The article deals with the early E.A. Boratynsky's creative work (1819–1826). In 1819 the poet published his first verses, in 1826 a spirit of his lyricism has been changed of emotional-moral condition of the Russian society. The early creativity of Boratynskii reflected the search of new ideas under the crisis of former system of spiritual values.

THE SPATIAL EXISTENTIAL STRUCTURE OF «TWILIGHT» BY E.A. BORATYNSKY

S.V. Rudakova

E.A. Boratynsky's «Twilight» is the book of verses which is made on correlation of two time layers: the past (the epoch of far Antiquity) and the present (named by the poet «The Iron Age»). This coupling of two worlds — the ancient and the new — allows the poet to create a wide historical prospect. So, Boratynsky creates in «Twilight» a special model of the world, proceeding from his own idea of the onthologic essence of life, basing on his aesthetic notions, reflecting his own concept of understanding a person and the mankind.

«THE DEMON MENACING IN TINY LITTLE BODY …» (M.S.PETROVYKH'S THREE POEMS OF THE BEGINNING OF 1930-s)

A.S. Kastarnova

The article presents analysis on A.P. Granditsky's poem «The Demon menacing in tiny little body…», devoted to a poetess M.S. Petrovyh which is ran with cues and half-words on her original creativity of the beginning of 1930-s; these are poems «Каrаdаg», «Remon» and «David». The conclusion is drawn on the character of M.S. Petrovykh's heroine on interpretations made by A.P. Granditsky and O.E. Mandelshtam.

«CALENDAR LITERATURE» GENRES AND RUSSIAN LITERARY FAIRY-TALE OF THE 19th C.

O.I. Timanova

The phenomenon of «calendar» written literature and a place of a fairy-tale are rated by the texts of two 19th century popular prose writers Nikolay Gogol and Anna Zontag. In the first half of the 19th century the spiritual-calendar line of domestic fiction only arises, mainly making up family, children's reading. In 1830 the periodical press takes a role of the equalizer of missing festive pleasures. So, there appeared whole Christmas almanacs, issues of the newspapers and the magazines, containing feuilletons, entries of ethnographic character, poems and Christmas stories.

THE WORLD OF DAILY ROUTINE IN I.A.BUNIN'S ARTISTIC CONSCIOUSNESS

O.V. Pustovoitova

The article considers one of the urgent problems in the Arts — «Daily Routine» by the example of the writer's work. The daily world of heroes from early Bunin's works is lacking in a creative, extraordinary source. Characters long to leave ordinary routine which is their present-day life, in order to penetrate into other spheres of reality, where the raised vital feeling for life is dominating.

«ETHICAL» AND «AESTHETIC» WAYS OF EXISTENCE IN A.P. CHEKHOV'S STORY «MY LIFE»

Т.B. Zaitzeva

The author compares «Pleasure and a duty» by Kierkegaard with A.P.Chekhov's story «My life». The doctrine of the Danish philosopher about aesthetic and ethical ways of existence helps to understand characters of the Russian writer more deeply. The main hero of «My life» Misail and Kierkegaard's Wilhelm are authors' character-pseudonyms, the ethics, who made a choice of their own «Ego», realized a universal value of work and did their moral duty. The main distinction between Misail and Wilhelm is that the Kierkegaard's ethic though being not «the knight of belief», nevertheless has no doubt and builds his life on Christian bases, and a single direct appeal of Chekhov's hero to the sky «is awarded» with the experience of absolute loneliness. Kierkegaard forced his way to the most original, real stage of human existence - the religious one; still to Chekhov the God remained only a hypothesis.

IDEAS OF BALANCE AND SYNTHESIS IN N. GUMILEV'S CREATION AND IN POETRY OF ENGLISH ROMANTICISM

N.V. Derina

The basic idea which makes N. Gumilev's early lyrics related with the poetry of English romanticists, becomes the one of the contrasts balance which is understood as harmonious coexistence of the opposed to each other fundamentals of the world and is embodied in art models of life based on a principle of reconciliation of poles (good and evil, the sky and the ground, day and night, the south and the north, heat and cold). The idea of balance of the antagonistic fundamentals in N. Gumilev's and English romanticists' art — philosophical systems is supplemented with the idea of a synthesis of contrasts which becomes means of creation a special different objective reality.

NONEXISTENCE IN «PETERSBURG» BY A. BELIY

V.S. Sevastjanova

The novel «Petersburg» takes a special place in A.Beliy's artistic philosophy as far a semantic line emptiness — vacuum — nonexistence started up in the texts antecedent to «Petersburg» gets its absolute form. The artistic model of nonexistence created in this work differs radically from all former abysses created by Beliy. If earlier Beliy's abysses are first of all internal dark depths which are possible to influence, in artistic space of «Petersburg» the nonexistential abyss becomes the basic and, actually, a unique real character. The abyss is capable to select independently its ways of actualization, penetrating inside consciousness, in bodies and souls of the heroes.

AIRY WAY IMAGE IN B.PASTERNAK'S EARLY PROSAIC WORKS

E.Yu. Kotukova

The article is devoted to the analysis of B. Pasternak's early prosaic works «When Relikvimini Recollects of Childhood» and «At Dorogomolov's Outpost». The author of the article investigates the image of the airy way which, according to B. Pasternak's creative concept, allows revealing the character of a creative person to emphasize features of character's world perception and showing the anxious attitude of the artist to a creative process.

AUTHOR AND HERO IN A.BITOV'S PROSE OF 1960-s

I.A. Yakunina

The article submits the analysis on early works of one of the most original writers of modern Russia — A. Bitov. The author of the article examines the author and the hero's relations, forms of expression the author's consciousness, defines character of interaction within the narrative structures by the example of stories «Foot», «Big sphere», «Door», «Far from house». The hero of A.Bitov's early works experiences «discrepancy in itself» which is a necessary condition for development of the person. The discrepancy of consciousnesses in Bytov's prose of the sixties is a determining condition to both the hero and the author.

E. BULWER-LYTTON’S DRAMAS OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

E.V. Makarova

Edward Bulwer-Lytton is one of the most popular dramatists of the Victorian age. Some of his dramas have been on the English stage for 50 years. The article deals with the dramas of the romantic period: «The Duchess De La Valliere», «The Lady of Lyons, or Love and Pride», «Richelieu, or the Conspiracy». The plots are taken from the dramatic events of the history of France, which excited the author’s countrymen. E. Bulwer-Lytton considers history to possess dramatic nature. This is a fundamental feature of his dramatic works.

IRRATIONAL ELEMENTS IN G.E. LESSING'S TRAGEDY «EMILIA GALOTTI». THE ART OF DIALOGUE

Z.E. Perfilyeva

In the article an attempt is made to consider irrational elements in the G.E. Lessing's tragedy «Emilia Galotti» and to reveal the specificity of the dialogical speech of the writer's characters.

SPACE OF THE CHILD IN CH. DICKENS' NOVELS

A.S. Matveeva

The problem of space in Ch. Dickens' novels is urgent in different areas of scientific knowledge. Ch. Dickens creates a special space, occupied with various children's characters. This space proves and influences everyone who is inside. All possible motives involved in Dickens' novels are for expression of an image. The characteristic of the world around becomes complicated with various symbols, and the main one is the symbol of «house».

SIR THOMAS WYATT’S PENITENTIAL PSALMS

L.V. Yegorova

Information on Sir Thomas Wyatt's Penitential Psalms, their dependence on Italian version by Pietro Aretino, and novelty is being introduced to the Russian reader. Wyatt's approach was cardinally different from his predecessors (Coverdell, Sturnhold), the «dubious songs» were replaced with psalms. Thomas Wyatt was the first who placed high emphasis to a word or a language gesture; he understood psalms as poetry of meditations and introspection.

«ACCIDENTAL LOVE» OF SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR AS TRANSCENDENT ATTEMPT (ON MATERIAL «CORRESPONDANCE CROISEE 1937–1940»)

A.A. Rozhkova

The article reveals Simone de Beauvoir's views on one of the faces of existential love — «Accidental love». Alive, unselfish and sensual this love showed Simone de Beauvoir's attempt to state herself as a writer and a woman and gain her own personality, her transcendence spirit through the world of flesh — the world of the Others.

CONCEPT «THE OWN-THE STRANGER» AND IMAGE OF RUSSIA IN JAMES MORIER'S NOVELS

L.I. Iskhakova

The central concept of Morier's creativity is the concept «The Own-The Stranger». Through this very opposition the communication is carried out or breaks. The novels show, that «The Stranger» is necessary for recognition of «The Own» in each national culture and vice versa. The ratio of «The Stranger» and «The Own» is differently revealed in national cultural worlds. Taking into account the opposition «One's Own - Alien/Stranger» and the role of both the author and the storyteller in formation of national culture images the author of the article analyses the image of Russia and the Russians in Morier's novels.

«CENTURY-MASKARADE» AND SELF-IDENTIFICATION EPOCH IN MASKS OF W. WYCHERLEY AND J. VANBRUGH'S PLAYS

E.A. Lomakina

The article presents an attempt to make differentiation between the use of the mask as an artistic means in dramatic works: «The Relapse or Virtue in Danger» by Jonh Vanbrugh and «Country Wife» by William Wycherley which belong considerably to the golden era and the decline of Restoration. The author does some analysis of the plays in order to indicate special features of masks created by two Restoration dramatists and outline both vital changes and the origin.

MYTH AND ARCHETYPE IN F. FUHMANN'S CREATIVITY

S.V. Ovcharova

The subject of the article is the concept of a myth as a basic model of creativity developed by F. Fuhmann. The given concept is based on V.I. Lenin's reasoning concerning the nature of figures of the logic conclusion (the syllogisms) and K.G. Jung's doctrine about archetypes. According to F. Fuhmann's conclusions, art and literature, in particular, while operating with comparisons and containing archetypes inside, make human experience objective along with the solution of the main contradiction of human nature.

DESTRUCTION OF MODERN SOCIETY MYTHS: ROLE OF LITERATURE

T.V. Akasheva

The article presents a new interpretation of a myth and its influence on mass consciousness. Classification of modern myths and mechanisms of formation of the certain stereotypes is outlined briefly. The author believes it becomes necessary to consider more particularly the role of literature, as a mythmaking machine on the one hand, and as means of destruction the myths, on the other. Besides, the author gives analysis on some early prosaic products of Austrian writer Elfriеde Jelinek, the Nobel prize winner for literature in 2004, with the purpose to reveal means of the myths' destruction.

THE PHENOMENON OF MODERN MYTHOLOGY IN THE SOCIAL-PUBLICISTIC DISCOURSE OF THE GREAT REFORMS EPOCH

E.G. Postnikova

The author examines a discourse of the great reforms epoch from the point of collision of three leading mythopolitical systems: liberalism, conservatism and democracy, their axioms are reflected in the literature and journalism of the time. The basic constants of liberalism are reflected in K.D.Kavelin's works. Axioms of conservatism are in Katkov's articles. M.E. Saltykov-Schedrin pulled no punches and exposed liberal and conservative mythologies, as fake worlds alien to national consciousness. In author's opinion, Schedrin developed and gave a description to a phenomenon of a modern political mythology.

ESSENCE OF ART IN NEW SYMBOLISM AND ACMEISM

E.S. Bogach

The article raises the question on world outlook features of the representatives of such literary currents in Russian poetry, as symbolism and acmeism at the beginning of 20th c. The main concern is the problem of understanding the essence of art, its aims, problems and tasks by the poets who belonged to these currents. So, similarities and distinctions in the approaches to the decision of this question are also under analysis. Symbolism is represented by A. Belyj, V. Ivanov, A. Blok, acmeism — by N. Gumilev, O. Mandelshtam.

PRECEDENT TEXTS WITH PRETERITION IN POSITION OF HEADING (BY THE EXAMPLE OF PERIODIC PRESS)

I.M. Temnikova

The article examines structural features of the precedent texts with preterition in a position of heading by the example of periodic press. For the first time the author allocates structural types of similar designs and gives their consecutive classification identifying the text as a source. The whole research is devoted to the essential, intrinsic aspect, position and functional features of the preterition as a way of graphic accentuation.

DIFFERENTIATION OF JOINING AND PARCELLING

T.L. Vaulina

The article views the question about differentiation of joining and its adjacent phenomenon — parceling which appears to be quite a debatable subject in Russian linguistics. The author covers various approaches on defining the essence of joining and parcelling, analyzes the given phenomena on examples from newspaper articles.

CONCEPT RUSSIA AS A PART OF MODERN NATIONAL RUSSIAN PICTURE OF THE WORLD: WAYS OF TRANSFORMATION

I.A. Yuryeva

The article is devoted to reconstruction of the concept RUSSIA which is quite urgent in the modern national Russian picture of the word. It is possible to trace the ways of the concept reconstruction through the ascertainment of the lingual devices which make the concept objective and are represented in different sources without any reference to the author's style or genre. Semantic analysis allows to define the lexical actualization of the concept segments and to determine its significance within the framework of the conceptual space.

LINGUOPOETICS OF VERBAL ART: HISTORY, METHODOLOGY AND METHODS OF ANALYSIS

E. Borisova

The present paper is an attempt to view history and methodology of verbal art analysis. The author discloses the meaning of «linguopoetic stratification of literary texts» and focuses her attention on the description of the basic categories and parameters of the above. The paper shows that the subject of this type of analysis is to reveal the aesthetic functioning of linguistic units of all the main levels (words, word-combinations and patterns of major syntax) in conveying the author' message to the/a reader. The concluding part of the paper demonstrates the stages of linguopoetic stratification on the basis of the extract from the novel «The Great Gatsby» by F.S. Fitzgerald.

STEADY VERBAL COMPLEXES OF BIBLICAL AND FOLKLORE ORIGIN AS SPECIAL UNITS OF SPIRITUAL FOLKLORE LANGUAGE

O.A. Arapov

The theme of this article is phraseological units of biblical and folklore origin used in Russian spiritual poems. Specific feature of Russian spiritual poems is that it represents a synthesis of bookish Christian and spoken traditional styles. This fact had a great influence on biblical and folklore phraseological units. As a result the units transformed their semantic filling.

WAYS OF EXPRESSION THE INWARD STATE OF THE PERSON IN THE ARABIAN LANGUAGE AND THEIR CONFORMITY IN RUSSIAN

I.S. Belyaeva

The author views a group of verbs in the Russian and Arabian languages representing the inward state of the person. The meaning is submitted in such verbs as to become angry, be pleased, hurry up, have fun, be frightened, be surprised, to admire, etc. In Russian these are general reflexive verbs, they refer to middle voice. The significant group of such verbs in Arabian language is differed in the degree of displaying the action and in intensity of this process.

SIBERIAN BUKHARIANS: DYNAMICS OF POPULATION AND SETTLING (17th — 20th cc.)

S.N. Korusenko

Siberian Bukharaians are one of the significant ethnic components in the structure of the Siberian Tatars, which had influence on culture of the local Turkic population. Initially formed by efforts of the state the ethnoclass group stopped its existence as a result of political and economic deeds of new Soviet power. But ethnogenetic memory of the Siberian Bukhara descendants and the hand-written sources left by them testify to the significant contribution of their ancestors to the history of the Siberian Tatars.

MATERIALS OF F.K.GIRS' COMMISSION (1866) ON KAZAKHS TRADITIONAL CRAFTS

S.V. Dmitriev

The archive materials has been found out during the work on preparation of the statute book of sources on Kazakhs ethnography and history. The material is in the project of the Kirghiz steppe commission about authority activities in Kazakh steppes. The commission worked in 1865–1866 under the head of Feodor Karlovich Girs (1824–1891) — the outstanding statesman of Russia. The present publication submits the extract from the official report where the data concerning crafts at Kazakhs. Special value has official information on the developed equivalents of cost of the fabricated goods intended for realization, this data is quite a rare thing in the literature and also there are some descriptions of technological methods of the manufacture, the ethnographic «trifles» describing Kazakhs traditional culture in the middle of 19th c.

THE BURYAT MENSWEAR AT THE END OF THE 19th — THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th cс. REGIONAL ASPECT OF TYPOLOGY

A.A. Badmaev

The present article is devoted to studying the regional aspects of typology in the Buryat menswear of the end of the 19th — the beginning of the 20th cс. The author reconstructs regional complexes of the Buryat menswear, basing on the data of the Buryat ethnoterritorial groups: preBaikal, preSaian, Selengin and Agin Buryats. The regional specificity in menswear was mostly widespread than the zone one. The determining vectors in transformation process of the Buryat clothes were: the western resulted in loans from Russian national and city clothes and the southern correlated to cultural and trading relations with the Mongols and the Chinese.

THE ETHNOSOCIAL PROCESSES AMIDST ESTONIANS IN THE MIDDLE SIBERIA'S SOUTH AND CENTRAL REGIONS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th — FIRST THIRD OF THE 20th сс.

N.A. Barantzeva

This article is devoted to reconstruction of ethnic-social processes among the Estonians in the Middle Siberia's south and central regions in the second half of the 19th — first third of the 20th сс. At the same time, the work examines the main sources of formation of the Estonian population in the region, its quantity, geographic locality of settling, dynamics of urban and rural population. The social-economic, cultural characteristics as well as conditions of life essential for evolution of the Estonians are under consideration. Beside there discovered the mechanisms aimed at preserving nationality, strengthening ethnic self-consciousness.

NEW MATERIALS ON THE HISTORY OF SETTLEMENT OF OLD BELIEVERS (THE FAMILIES) OF TRANSBAIKALIA

F.F. Bolonev

The article is about resettlement of the Russian from the European Russia to Baikal. The process had both voluntary and compulsory character. Old Believers were moved to those places by the whole families, that is why they had a fixed name «the families». The resettlement of «the Polish colonists» to Transbaikalia had a multistage character. The basic groups were lodged here in 1767, but as far as the documents and researches testify, the moving of the separate groups of Old Believers from the European Russia and from Poland took place either.

DEMOGRAPHIC BEHAVIOUR OF INDIGENOUS POPULATION OF NORTHERN ALTAI FOOTHILLS AT THE END OF THE 19th — FIRST HALF OF THE 20th cc.

V.V. Nikolaev

The present work gives a reconstruction of the demographic behaviour of the indigenous population of Northern Altai foothills at the end of the 19th — first half of the 20th cc. Traditional reproduction and demographic behaviour was typical for indigenous population of foothills of Northern Altai until the middle of the 20th c. Some modernization of demographic behaviour began from the last decades of the 19th century under influence of the emigrants' population and missionaries. Events of the next decades caused the loss of ethnic specificity of demographic behaviour and it became the first stage of demographic change. The following stage became the demographic crisis caused by the Second World War, connected with loosing the social control from the senior generations, increase of interethnic marriages, and growth of the territorial mobility of the population. By 1960–1970-s the demographic behaviour of indigenous population of Northern Altai foothills becomes practically identical to a demographic behaviour of the Russian during the given region.

SPECIFICITY OF «LOCAL» HOLIDAYS IN RUSSIAN SETTLEMENTS OF BELORETSKY AREA OF BASHKORTOSTAN

I.V. Osipov

The author examines the system of the local holidays, developed in Russian settlements of Beloretsky area of Bashkortostan during two and half millennia on the basis of the field researches and documentary evidences of archives. The marked days fixed the major moments of life history of the villages, came to be a part of calendar rhythms and they are still celebrated by local residents nowadays.

NARRATIONS ABOUT SACRED PLACES IN RUSSIAN NORTH: QUESTION ON MECHANISMS OF DEIFICATION OF SPACE

V.V. Vinogradov

The work is devoted to some aspects of spaces' deification. The thematic cycle of Russian national religious prose — narrations about esteemed, sacred places is under consideration. The center of attention is mechanisms of deification of space which are investigated on the level of interaction within the folklore motives.

WAYS OF DEIFICATION OF SPACE IN MODERN RELIGIOUS — CEREMONIAL PRACTICE (ON MATERIALS OF SIBERIAN REGION)

G.V. Ljubimova

By the example of Christian faiths (national Orthodoxy and Old Belief) traditional for the Siberian region the article considers modern religious-ceremonial practice on worship of «sacred places». These are special points of space which possess the sacral status from the point of view of the local population. Comparison of various sources (including, the data stated in the old believe compositions, publications in the local periodical press of the twenties and some modern field materials) has allowed the author to trace in detail the history of one of the most sacred places of the Altai territory and to reconstruct the circumstances of making it the sacred one that is its deification.

MODERN ETHNOSOCIAL PROCESSES AT OB'S UGRIANS IN THE MIRROR OF STATISTICS

E.A. Pivneva

The present work views some aspects of modern ethnosocial processes amidst Ob's ugrians (Khanty and Mansi). The object of studying is a special feature of these peoples as far as they appeared to be the first Siberian natives who came to know what consequences of external influences were like, being one of the first local nations in the course of development of Siberia.

SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF STUDYING ETHNIC IDENTITY

N.G. Popova

The problem is studying the ethnic identity (ethnic consciousness) of a person. There submitted interpretations of such concepts as «socialization», «ethnic consciousness», «ethnic identity» and processes of development and transformation of ethnic identity in the course of socialization. The result of the research is a conclusion that weakening and loss of the ethnic identity could lead to negative consequences for identity of the person, as far as it turns out to be a destruction of integrity within «I — concept» and a break of relations with any culture, depriving the person of any psychological support, feeling of confidence and clarity.

I.G. SAFYANOV'S MANUSCRIPT: LEGEND «TЕМIR-SАL»

A.S. Sevostyanov

The article is about Innokentiy Safyanov — the gifted regional specialist — who, at the beginning of the 20th century, collected and retold numerous legends and traditions of the Tuvinians, in the form of brief sketches in order to present their life style. The given article introduces into scientific practice one of the Tuvinian legends.

MODERN DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF GERMAN DIASPORA IN SIBERIA

T.B. Smirnova

Until recently the second diaspora group of the Germans located in the territory of the Soviet Union. Though emigration to Germany is the determining factor of the ethnic development of the Russian Germans during the last decade, their number both in Russia and Siberia does not change much. The Germans are in place 15 in population number among peoples of Russia. The Siberian group numbering almost 336 thousand people is the largest in Russia, and, taking into account modern tendencies of demographic development, will remain that big in future.

TRAVEL IN «THE WORLD OF DEAD»: MYSTERY KHAKASS SHAMAN MAKAR ТОМОZАКОV

V.A. Burnakov

The author introduces in scientific practice the unique archival materials on Khakass shamanism, including traditional notions about the other world. The work gives a detailed, stage-by-stage description of Khakass shaman Makar Tomozakov. The shaman «is sent» to «the world of dead» searching for a soul of the sick person. So, the article presents shaman church chanting and the appeal to spirits these are shaman's assistants, complete «topography» of the other world and the description of the inhabitants of this mythical space.

ETHNODEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN SIBERIA IN THE 20th — 21th centuries: General Characteristic

E.V. Antropov

The article considers the ethnodemographic structure of the Siberian territory. Pioneers of territory colonization were natives from the European North — the Russian, and also peoples of Finno-Ugric group — the Komi, the Permians, the Zyrians, the Mordvinians and «military people» from the Byelorussians, the Lithuanians, the Poles. The work submits the data on population censuses over the 20th c.

«STRUGGLE FOR YOUTH»: МISSION POLICY OF CHRISTIAN CHURCHES (BY THE EXAMPLE OF TYUMEN' REGION)

Yu.S. Kovalchuk

The article compares efforts of Russian Orthodox and Pentecostal churches in Tyumen region their policy, methods in attracting young people to these religious institutes. It analyses the last liberal changes in the policy of Russian Orthodox Church towards youth conversion but argues that new methods are not fully used in reality. The article also describes the contemporary religious situation in the region, social actions of Pentecostal churches and their programs that aim at youth conversion.

RUSSIAN BOOK ART AT CRISIS OF TIMES (1918–1923)

Yu.Ya. Gerchuk

The article of one of the largest native arts critics was written in 1988 as a trial chapter of his book «The History of Russian book art». The author considers tendencies of art development within the book during post revolutionary years. He tells about book script of masters from «The World of Art» (M. Dobuzhinsky, D. Mitrokhin, S. Chehonin), and also about B. Kustodiev, V. Konashevich, J. Annenkov, V. Lebedev, P. Miturich's works.

STUDYING HISTORY OF ROME AT NIZHNII NOVGOROD UNIVERSITY

E.A. Molev

Roman history is the important component of Antique Science. Home historical science has always placed high emphasis and number of the scientific schools engaged in studying history of Rome and its provinces in our country, grows at а more rapid pace, than abroad. The base of one of the schools came to be N.I. Lobachevsky state university in Nizhnii Novgorod. The article is devoted to rather a new direction of scientific researches at the faculty of ancient history and Middle Ages — history of Ancient Rome.

Details: Published: 08 April 2015; Last Updated: 11 December 2015; Hits: 4794

Archive

Contents of №22, 2008