Abstract
This is the first publication of two unique finds from the acropolis of Panticapaeum: a lip fragment of a black-figure kylix with a dedicatory graffito to Ergana and a terracotta figurine depicting the goddess. Until the discovery of these two artifacts, the cult of Athena Ergana has been attested neither in the North Pontic Area, nor in Panticapaeum. Written sources testify to the presence of the cult of Athena Ergana in such important cult centers of Hellas as Delos, Epidaurus, and Delphi, while the data of fine arts, primarily terracotta figurines, expand the known area of the cult of Ergana to Eastern Greece (Asia Minor, Rhodes) and Sicily, and now to Bosporus. The authors collect and analyze the recorded epigraphic, archaeological, and iconographic evidence for the cult of Athena Ergana in various parts of the Oikumene. The appearance of the Panticapaeum dedication to Athena with Ergana confirms the independent existence of this epithet already in the 6th – early 5th centuries BC, not only in mainland Greece (Delphi), but also on the periphery of the Greek world. The dedicatory graffito and a terracotta depicting a goddess from Panticapaeum inspired authors to re-evaluate the significance and role of the cult of Athena in Bosporus in the Late Archaic and Early Classical periods.
Keywords
Northern Black Sea, Cimmerian Bosporus, Panticapaeum, Athena Ergana, Athena Polias, cult, dedicatory graffito, terracotta figurine.
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