Abstract
The paper is a preliminary analysis of the tamgas discovered during archaeological studies by the Department of Archeology of the Kemerovo State University at the rock art sites of the Tepsey archaeological microdistrict (Krasnoturansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the right bank of the Yenisei). Tamgas are found in almost all petroglyphic sites of Mount Tepsey (Tepsey II, III, IV, VI, Ust-Tuba III–V, recently discovered sites with petroglyphs in Shirokiy ravine and Zabochino ravine), as well as on the stones of the mounds of the Tagar era at the foot of the mountain. Based on visual materials, it was determined that tamgas on Tepsey could be used from the Tashtyk time until the beginning of the 20th century. The use of tamgas in the Tashtyk era is evidenced not only by finds from funerary monuments, but also by rock compositions. A series of tamgas of the Yenisei Kyrgyz stands out confi dently – this is the so-called M-shaped tamgas and four-arc tamgas. M-shaped tamgas can be dated to the 8th – 9th centuries in connection with their inclusion in runic inscriptions. For a long time, four-arc tamgas could change into two-arc, and then single-arc tamgas, which were widespread on the rocks of Tepsey in modern times. In modern times, the local population obviously used a large number of various tamgas, but the sign in the form of a circle divided in half, with variations, is surely distinguished. Ornithomorphic tamga-like signs have been identified from rock carvings, the chronological affi liation of which is still open. In total, more than 30 varieties of various signs have been identifi ed on the territory of the Tepsey archaeological microdistrict, the analysis of which still requires separate studies.
Keywords
Petroglyphs, rock art, tamgas, Tepsey, Ust-Tuba, Minusinsk Basin
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