Abstract
Glazed pottery is seldom found at the sites of the Bashkir Urals. All fragments are generally isolated fi nds. They were mostly found at the sites of the Chiyalik archaeological culture (10th –15th cc.), referring to summer or winter camps. This paper is aimed to analyze glazed Kashin ceramics of the 13th –15th centuries, as well as to clarify the dates of cultural layers and some complexes of the Golden Horde times settlements in the Bashkir Urals. The authors analyzed 21 glazed fragments discovered at four sites. A detailed examination of the material revealed that some fragments are lost, and their images are only known by drawings and photographs. Recent works by V.Yu. Koval and N.F. Lisova allow ones to classify the fragments in more detail. Due to the signifi cant fragmentation of most of the discovered glazed pieces, their heterogeneity and existence within a wide time range, we suppose that the most optimal approach for their classifi cation is the scheme developed by V.Yu. Koval. Its fundament lies in the hierarchy of grouping signs based on the “general-to-specifi c” principle as well as the primacy of features of the ceramics functions and the technology of its production in comparison with the features of decor and morphology, which altogether make it possible to fully characterize the available fragments. Hence, the study has made it possible to introduce recent archaeological materials into the scientifi c discourse, clarify the dating of archeological sites, individual layers and various complexes that form the cultural layers, as well as to put forward a hypothesis about the existence of settlements of craftsmen in the Bashkir Urals on one of the trade routes.
Keywords
Bashkir Urals, later Middle Ages, Golden Horde, glazed pottery, kashin (stonepaste).
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