Alexander Marushchenko is to a certain regard – a legendary person. Nowadays one can learn about him from the old generation archeologists' stories. The last remained pieces of information are rather short and poor to give a complete observation as to the scale of his activities. Unfortunately, he did not deserve any official acknowledgment, though actually he is a real connoisseur of Turkmenistan archeological sites and the author for plenty of interesting ideas that are really worthy to be recognized.

THE REMINISCENCES ABOUT ALEXANDER MARUSHCHENKO

Kh. Yusupov

The author accentuates the aspect of human personality, rather than that of the researcher. To Kh. Yusupov, A. A. Marushchenko is first and foremost a person whole-heartedly devoted to the research, ready to leave anything behind for the sake of new facts and materials; but at the same time he is a trustworthy companion in hard expedition routine. That is the man who has his own point of view about good and justice.

THE WATER TRADE WAY ALONG AMUDAR'YA AND SOME CULT CENTERS AROUND

B.I. Vainberg

The present article views the stages of development for the Great Silk Road, its subdivisions and cultural exchange connected with this trade. The close attention is given to the water trade way along Amudar'ya. As the latest archeological material, geomorphologic and geological data show the most favorable terms for the establishment of the Great Silk Road come to the 7th–5th cc. B.C. and the 12th–15th cc.

SULTAN-BENT AND SULTAN-YAB

A.A. Lyapin

The article is dedicated to the ancient Murgab history. The author distinguishes seven basic moments in Murgab history during the 1st millenium B.C. Autonomous concern is given to the 4th c. B.C. – the time of great changes. Later, the most crucial calamities come upon the period of crisis in the end of the 3rd – mid 5th cc. A.D.

SASANIAN AND PARTHYAN BULLAS IN THE EAST IRAQUE: AK-DEPE AND GOBEKLY-DEPE (The Attempt of Comparison)

V.A. Gaibov

The article gives a comparison of Parthyan bullas found at the excavations of Gobekly-depe located in Merv Oasis and Sasanian bullas found in Ak-depe (Turkmenistan), station of Artyk. The populations of Merv Oasis and Dashly were similar as to the culture and ethnics. The author tries to find out similarities and differentiations within the bullas.

BULLAE FROM OLD NISA AND GÖBEKLY-DEPE: THE COMPARISON

G.A. Koshelenko

The main purpose of this paper is the comparison of the two similar groups of bullae found during the excavations of the settlements of Parthiene and Margiana. The analysis of the bullae allows us to see the resemblance and difference of these districts.

EXCAVATIONS AT KHYRLY-DEPE

V.N. Pilipko

The article views the results of excavations at Khyrly-depe, situated 50km far to the north-east of Ashkhabad. During the excavations of Parthyan expedition of Institute of History (Turkmenistan Academy of Science) four stratiographic horizons were distinguished which date Khyrly-depe to Early Iron Age.

TECHNICAL FURNACES IN MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT OF SADVAR IN THE SOUTHERN KHORESM

E.A. Armarchuk

The settlement of Sadvar is located in Chardzhouskaya region in Turkmenistan. The furnaces found at the excavations provide information as to the medieval industrial processes of ore extraction, its processing and the hardware smelting.

THE EXCAVATIONS OF SETTLEMENT AT NURUM OASIS (THE NORTHERN TURKMENISTAN)

S.B. Bolelov

The article is a presentation of results for excavation at the settlement ¹15 situated in the central part of Nurum oasis. Two building horizons were found. As the researches show the Nurum Settlement was the autonomous land with some supplementary household structures. The inhabitants were engaged not only with farming, crop-growing but craft, as well. Among the findings there are two kilns for ceramics and a craft house (smithy).

THE HISTORY OF RESEARCH FOR TERRACOTTA IN THE MIDDLE ASIA

N.D. Dvurechennaya

The present monograph is the historiographical research of terracotta plastic art in the Middle Asia and containing the general critical survey of literature upon the subject matter. The author analyses more than 400 sources and works as to the topic and identifies 2 stages in the research of terracotta in the Middle Asia. The monograph gives a detailed view concerning methods and results of the studies.

THE EXPLORATION OF ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES PERFORMED BY THE MEMBERS OF SOVIET-AFGHANISTAN EXPEDITION (SAE) IN THE NORTH AND THE NORTHWEST OF AFGHANISTAN IN 1969-1976

I.T. Kruglikova

The intention of the expedition was to make the archeological map for the northern Afghanistan. The work of SAE was interrupted by the political events in 1979 - the beginning of martial actions. Still the expedition discovered a lot of sites that were earlier unknown: ancient cities, fortresses, rural settlements (tepe). The monograph presents plenty of noteworthy material for making further studies in history and culture of the Southern Baktria.

THE RUSSIAN AND THE TUVINIAN: IMAGE OF THE «ALIEN». THE PROBLEM OF CULTURE INTERACTION

B.A. Myshlyavtsev

The work is initiated by the research about ethnic heterostereotypes formed within Tuvinian and Russian standard culture in the context of ethnic culture interaction. The author believes the Russian impact upon the subsystems of Tuvinian culture is not so significant; actually, it does not have much influence within its standard sphere. The work points out the fundamental differences within the standard sphere for both: the Russians and Tuvinians, which in their turn preserve their opposition to each other. The variety of common culture standards for the Russian and the Tuvinian does not contribute to the integration inside the poly-ethnic society of Tyva Republic; sometimes it even leads to the situations when characteristic «role» expectations come into contradiction. Nevertheless the tolerance that has recently formed itself upon the level of real personal interaction is able to help the process of formation for poly-ethnic society of Tyva.

PROTESTANTISM IN KHAKASIYA

V.A. Burnakov

The present work gives some considerations upon the problem – Protestantism in Khakasiya Republic. The materials about activities of people the 50-s' organization illustrate complicated, even contradictory character of protestant ideological influence on the Khakasians. The author raises the questions of protestant church, its origin in Khakasiya and the way it affects the Khakasian ethnic mentality and culture. Reasons have been revealed for the present recognition of this organization among the Khakasians. Besides the emphasis is laid on the negative aspect of protestant impact upon the ethnic culture, in fact, it is a kind of an attempt to neutralize native culture. The actual point is the urgency for opposition to this influence within the society.

THE PHENOMENON OF THE THROATY SINGING IN CONTEXT TUVINIAN CULTURE

Ch.O. Adygbai

The aim of the present article is the short review about the special genre of Tuvinian folk singing culture – throaty singing. The article considers the matters of phenomenon genesis, its development and operation at the present moment. The basis of the work is the survey of the present studies upon the subject matter; ecology and nature are specified as the main characteristics of traditional throaty singing with nomads in the Central Asia. The throaty singing is a unique thing in the history and culture of Tuva Republic. The throaty singing was formatted under the influence of specific both religious and cultural systems coming from Shamanism, Buddhism and ancient tradition to imitate the sounds of the world – so the phenomenon under consideration is the result of their syncretism. Presently the throaty singing is considered to be pure art and stylization at the same time; on the other hand it is a kind of extension and expression for traditional life style. The esthetics of this art makes it perfect for comprehension within the modern society.

TECHNOLOGY FOR WOOL PROCESSING AND PRODUCTION OF FELT IN BURYATIYA

A.A. Badmaev

The research of the traditional Buryat technology for wool processing is composed upon the base of fundamental ethnic Buryat subdivision – Prebaikal, Presayan, Selengin and Hori-Buryat. The article raises the themes of genesis and evolution for the felt processing, reveals the ethno-cultured contacts with other Turkic-Mongol peoples from the South Siberia and the Central Asia. The author's conclusion is – Turkic-Mongol ethnos has common general ways of development for felt manufacture, there is also a matter of genetic similarity as to the «horse» felt-rolling. Along with all these facts the author points to the autochthon character for the «hand» felt-rolling with Brebaikal, Presayan Buryats.

Details: Published: 08 April 2015; Last Updated: 11 December 2015; Hits: 3979

Archive

Contents of №15, 2005

HISTORY

ARCHAEOLOGY

MONOGRAPHIES

CULTURE

ETHNOGRAPHY

THE EXPLORER