Jubilee of Nina Andreyevna Frolova

The article considers a unique Indian coin found in Tillya-Tepe necropolis (Shiberghan district) under excavation of Soviet-Afghan Mission. It has been the object of study for many researchers, especially for J. Fussman. From the authors’ standpoint, the coin bears anthropomorphic and symbolic image of Buddha. This iconographic scheme was later discarded by sangha, but its traces are found in quite a number of Gandhara school reliefs.

Key words: Buddha, Buddhism, Kushans, Central Asia, coin circulation, sculpture.

BOSPORAN COINS FROM THE COLLECTION OF N. N. GRANDMEZON IN STATE HISTORICAL MUSEUM

N. A. Frolova, M. G. Abramzon

N.N. Grandmezon, a well-known collector and numismatist, in 1989 donated to Numismatic Department of the State Historical Museum his large collection of Greek coins, among which are 461 golden, electrum, silver and bronze Bosporan coins dating to the 6th c. BC — the 4th c. AD. Some of the latter are rare and unique. The rare early silver coins of Panticapaeum, Phanagoria, Nymphaeum, the Sindi and bronze coins of Theodosia are of a special interest. The collection contains also Gorgippian coins. Royal coinage is represented by the coins issued by Leukon II, Asander, uncertain ruler and all kings of Bosporus from Aspurgus to Rheskuporis VI.

Key words: numismatics, ancient coins, Bosporus, Panticapaeum, Theodosia, Phanagoria, Nymphaeum, Gorgippia, the Sindi.

HELLENISTIC TETRADRACHMS OF THASOS, THE TETRADRACHMS OF SO-CALLED “THASIAN TYPE” AND THEIR IMITATIONS IN THE STATE HISTORICAL MUSEUM

I. S. Prokopov, V. K. Peshekhonov, N. A. Frolova, M. G. Abramzon

This is a Catalogue of the tetradrachms of Thasos of the Hellenistic period and their imitations in the State Historical Museum. Basing on study of coin hoards, authors analyze dies of these tetradrachms and also the territory of their circulation.

Key words: Thasos, Thrace, tetradrachms, dies, imitations, coin hoards, coin circulation.

A COMMENTARY ON HELLENISTIC TETRADRACHMS OF THE FIRST MACEDONIAN MERIS IN THE STATE HISTORICAL MUSEUM

I. S. Prokopov, V. K. Peshekhonov, N. A. Frolova, M. G. Abramzon

This is a commentary on the article of M. Abramzon and N. Frolova “Two Groups of Macedonian Tetradrachms of the Roman period in the State Historical Museum” (JHPhCS. 2008. XXII, 17–27). Authors analyze dies of the State Historical Museum’s tetradrachms which were issued in the First Macedonian Meris during the Hellenistic period and also the territory of their circulation (basing on data of hoards).

Key words: Macedonia, Thrace, tetradrachms, coin hoards, coin circulation.

SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS MEDALLION FROM THE OKA AREA

I. R. Akhmedov

The article deals with a bronze medallion of Septimius Severus found in the burial ground in the Borok 2 Necropolis. The medallion is dated to AD 194. The necropolis belonged to Ryazan- Oka Finns who lived in Ryazan area of the Oka in the early 7th century AD. The grave goods testify that the dead man was of the highest social status in the local hierarchy. The medallion is undoubtedly the subject of prestige. The majority of artefacts found together with the medallion also came into central Russia from Central Europe due to the cultural impulse in Central Europe of the late 5th century preceded by the collapse of the Huns Empire. Central Russia forest zone boasts the only find of the kind that, alongside prestigious adornments, weapons, and bridle, bears witness to the local population familiarity with “Imitacio Imperii” ideas of Central and West European culture during Great Migration and in the early Middle Ages. The medallion also testifies that the Finns of the Ryazan-Oka area to some extent adopted the idea of “Imitacio Imperii”.

Key words: Rome, medallion, Septimius Severus, Finns.

LATE ANCIENT TIME BURIAL WITH COINS FROM PHANAGORIA NECROPOLIS

O. M. Voroshilova (Moscow)

The article introduces a most striking late ancient period burial of Phanagoria necropolis found in 2010. It gives an outline of the burial construction and describes the position of the body. The author also describes and analyzes the grave goods and concluded about its possible belonging to the new ethnos that inhabited the territory of Asian Bosporus capital in Great Migration period.

Key words: Asian Bosporus, Phanagoria, necropolis, burial ritual, Great Migration.

TWO HOARDS OF BOSPORAN COINS FROM THE ANCIENT SETTLEMENT ‘‘USATOVA BALKA 3’’ (2011)

M. G. Abramzon, M. A. Kovalenko, N. I. Sudarev

The article deals with two hoards of Bosporan bronze coins found under excavation of the ancient settlement ‘‘Usatova Balka 3” (Anapa district, Krasnodar Territory) in 2011 season. The fi rst hoard was kept in a small red clay vessel and contained 5 tetrakhalks with bearded satyr’s head/fore-part of griffin, sturgeon (Shelov 1956, pl. V, 57) issued in 330–315 BC. The hoard was buried in the late 4th century BC on the eve of monetary crisis. The second hoard (or a purse?) contained 8 coins of Bosporan king Leukon II (c. 240–220 BC): 2 obols with the head of Hercules/bow and club (Shelov 1956, pl. VII, 76) and 6 tetrakhalks with Athena/thunderbolt (Shelov 1956, pl. VII, 77). It is the fourth known hoard with Leukon II’s coins. All hoards and overwhelming majority of isolated Leukon II’s coins were found on the Asian side of the Bosporus, mainly in the vicinity of Anapa.

Key words: Bosporus, Gorgippia, ancient settlement ‘‘Usatova Balka 3”, ancient coins, Leukon II.

GOLDEN STATERS OF EUPATOR AND SAUROMATES II FROM TYRITAKE EXCAVATION

M. G. Abramzon, V. N. Zinko

In 2010 archaeological excavation of the northern part of Tyritake city-site (site XXVIII) a boxlike altar made of limestone tiles was found in the Room I. A vertical anthropomorphist stone was situated to the right of the altar. Ceramic fragment of Dionysus mask and two fragments of a marble platter were also found there. It appeared to have been a sacral complex associated with the worship of Dionysus. Altar clearing uncovered two golden staters of Bosporus kings Eupator and Sauromates II, which are most likely to have been offerings to Dionysus. Sauromates II’s stater suggests dating offerings to Dionysus to AD 179 or a little later.

Key words: Bosporan Kingdom, Eupator, Sauromates II, Tyritake, Dionysus sanctuary, gold staters.

EXSCAVATION COINS FROM SETTLEMENT ARTYUSHCHENKO II (2009–2010)

A. Ye. Tereshchenko

The article introduces the bronze coins of the 3rd–2nd centuries BC found during the excavation of the rural settlement Artyushchenko II (Taman). The author noticed that the quantity of coins considerably exceeds the expected number from a small section of the settlement. Besides, the study comprises the analysis of another fi nd — a bronze cymbal. This fact together with a poor condition of coins by the reason of their long circulation suggests votive offerings. The place of the find can be regarded as a sanctuary.

Key words: ancient coins, Bosporus, settlement Artyushchenko II.

THE EARLIER PUBLIC BUILDING IN PHANAGORIA

A. A. Zavoikin, V. D. Kuznetzov

The article analyzes stratigraphy and planigraphy of the earlier public building excavated in the central part of Phanagoria settlement. It also substantiates the chronology of this architectural complex.

Key words: Phanagoria, Archaic period, acropolis, public building.

ESSAYS ON DIONYSUS WORSHIP IN PHANAGORIA

А. А. Zavoikin

The article considers stamps on Phanagoria measuring vessels as a source of information concerning Dionysus worship in the polis probably since apojkia withdrawal from Theos where Dionysus worship was the principal one. Phanagoria stamp emblems on oinochoe beginning with the mid 5th century BC testify that Dionysian symbols validating polis measure standards appeared much earlier than Phanagoria became a part of Bosporan Kingdom. Thus, the observation of iconographic influence of Panticapeum 4th c. BC coinage on Phanagoria emblems allows for its strong thematic connection with the original polis cult.

Key words: Phanagoria, metropolis, colony, Dionysus worship, measuring vessels, stamp.

LEGISLATIVE ACTS CONCERNING PROTECTION OF KUBAN CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE 19th CENTURY

M. I. Medvedev

Protection of Kuban cultural heritage is most important nowadays. Previously gained experience presents a particular interest from the viewpoint of cultural heritage protection. The article states that government efforts to protect the 19th century relics and monuments from illicit excavations proved ineffectual. However, authorities drew up a set of rules to preserve relics of the past, established and implemented archeological procedure, which form the basis for present day legislative acts.

Key words: relics and monument preservation, Kuban, excavations, archeological methodic, legislative acts.

LATE HELLENISTIC POTTERY AND LAMPS FROM PANTICAPEUM: RECENT FINDS

D. V. Zhuravlyov

Thе paper deals with finds of late Hellenistic pottery and lamps from Panticapeum excavation. It considers main groups of imported relief and red-lacquer ceramics, and local products, such as Bosporan sigillata. Bosporan capital excavation fi nds cover a wide spectrum of east Mediterranean importers (Syria, Pergamum, Knidos, etc.). Lamps are mainly represented by the production of Bosporan local craftsmen. Multi-nuzzled lamps arouse the greatest interest.

Key words: late Hellenistic ceramics, relief vessels, Megara bowls, lamps, import, local production.

SIGNET-RING IMPRESSIONS AND OTHER ANEPIGRAPHICAL STAMPS ON POTTERY FROM RURAL SETTLEMENT EXCAVATIONS IN CRIMEAN PRIAZOVYE

A. A. Maslennikov

The study of the 4th — 3rd centauries BC settlements and private plot complexes in Crimean Priazovye (mainly in Generalskoye Western) revealed 14 signet-ring impressions and stamps on sides and handles of some ceramic vessels. The subject of these impressions is of a certain interest from the viewpoint of both art history and local economy and trade. This is the biggest collection from the chora of ancient centers of northern Prichernomorye.

Key words: stamp impressions, art relics, Royal chora of Bosporus.

STAMPED TILE PRODUCTION IN THE CIMMERIAN BOSPORUS

N. F. Fedoseyev

The Black Sea Region boasts much greater use of stamped tiles than the rest of the ancient world. Tile stamping in Bosporus stands out in the ancient world due to its regularity and variability. It is the only the Black Sea Region center that had regularly stamped tiles in the name of reigning court for at least two centuries. Tile manufacturing was located in both big towns and small settlements. It was private; Bosporan dynasts owned neither ergasteria nor clay pits. Most likely, a stamp carried the name of the man who fi nanced the construction. Another group of tile stamps comprises temple stamps. Quite often stamps are indicative of tiles meant for particular buildings. Stamp with a king’s name guarded against building material plunder. Bosporan tiling was produced both in Panticapeum and on the periphery. It was also made by potters from other centers, such as Heraclea or probably Chersonese. Engagement of foreign builders was a regular practice in the ancient world. Bosporan tiles were marked both by ceramic and wooden stamps. There are many parallels between stamping in Bosporus and Macedonia, which is not accidental.

Key words: Bosporan tiles, pottery production, ceramide, kalypter, stamp.

THE ALBANIAN CITY OF AYNIANA = YUNAN (based on narrative sources and recent archaeological study)

R. S. Melikov, T. R. Alieva

According to Strabo, Albanian province Vitiya (Utiya) had a fortress Ainiana which was build by the Thessalians. However, it was probably build by the Albanian tribe Hani or Hanhani. Scholars think that Ainiana is associated with medieval Yunan mentioned by Arabian authors. Arabian sources mention Yunan from the mid 8th to the early 13th century. Qalatepe Hill is situated 4 km to the northwest of Salmanbeyli village (Agdzhabedi district, Azerbaijan Republic) and is associated with data of Arabian authors about Yunan. The top cultural layer dating back to the 9th — 12th centuries revealed traces of a room with the hearth, samples of pottery, fragments of metal and glass artifacts, rock crystal and bronze adornments, and rock crystal and bronze a medieval coin. The bottom cultural layer dating back to the antique and early medieval periods revealed double fortifi ed wall, a watchtower, a large square room, a part of the street, and a few ruins of other constructions. Mud bricks from the fortifi cation wall are rather large. Burnt bricks were also found there. Red paint vessels prevail among pottery. Necropolis excavation gave pitcher burials containing an iron sword, ceramics, bronze adornments, agate and paste beads, glass balsamary, and a bronze coin. Thus, written sources and archeological material make it possible to say that the town of Ayniana-Yunan existed from the early 3rd c. BC till the early 13th c. AD.

Key words: Albania, Ayniana, Yunan.

JUNIOR RELIGIOUS STAFF IN ANCIENT GREECE

V. S. Lenskaya

The article deals with Ancient Greece junior religious staff that consisted of permanent and temporary members. Temporary attendants, represented by youths and girls from noble families, performed their duties only on celebration days, and it was honorable right rather than work or duty. The second group of junior staff consisted of attendants coming from lower social strata who got payment. These were zacores and neocores and some other categories of attendants.

Key words: Ancient Greece, junior religious staff.

EMPORION: GREEK-BARBARIAN SYMBIOSIS IN THE FAR WEST OF HELLENIC WORLD

A. A. Suprenkov

The article deals with the Greek period (the 6th — 3rd centuries BC) of history and archaeology of Emporion, far western Phocaea colony of the northwestern Mediterranean area. It touches upon some general problems and dwells upon Emporion relations with its Iberian neighborhood.

Key words: Phocaea colonization, Emporion, Greeks and Iberians, polis and chora.

PROBLEMS OF MODERN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF ANCIENT ROME: QUESTS AND DECISIONS

B. S. Lyapustin

The article is concerned with basic stages and directions of the study of Ancient Rome economic history. The author puts emphasis on characterization of Russian and foreign historiography from the late 20th century to the early 21st century, and touches upon the problems that face scholars studying the ancient world. In summary it may be said that principal problems of the ancient economy may be solved much more successfully in terms of civilization approach to history.

Key words: ancient economy, primitivists, modernists, historiography, market, civilization, family name.

Details: Published: 08 April 2015; Last Updated: 11 December 2015; Hits: 4064

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