Abstract
The article deals with modern research concepts «metalanguage», «metatext» and «refl exive». Two main approaches to the researching of metalanguage in Russian linguistics have been outlined. The fi rst one is connected with the conception of metatext used mainly in the analyses of fi ction and scientifi c texts. The second one appeals to the idea of language refl exion and is mostly focused on journalism.
The analysis results show that, in contrast to the multivalued term «metatext», used by a variety of philological disciplines, the metalanguage is terminated quite simple: it is a secondorder language, which describes the primary language or the language-object. There are two points of view on their correlation: (1) language-object is described in the same language with the help of metalanguage of logic; (2) metalanguage is strongly opposed to the language-object.
Unlike the metatext, metalanguage is always caused by language refl ection and embodied in refl exives. The refl exive is a metalanguage utterance commenting on the used word or expression. The conception of the refl exive acquires additional semantic nuances in various discourses: in political discourse, the refl exive is described as any act of metalanguage commentation of speech acts; in journalism – the refl exive is a construction containing an evaluation of the speech activity of a speaker; in fi ction, the refl exive clarifi es the meanings of the word and expresses the evaluation.
The reflexives have various grounds for classifi cation. From the viewpoint of textual realization, the reflexives are divided into the text-refl exive, the reflexive within the text and the range of interrelated utterances. Furthermore, the reflexives are classified into communicative and conceptual, primary and secondary, explicit and implicit.
Keywords
Metalanguage, metatext, language refl exion, metalanguage consciousness, language-objects, metatext operator, refl exive, metalanguage utterance
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