HISTORY

Zakharov А. О. (Moscow) —Blanton R., Fargher L. Collective Action in the Formation of Pre-Modern States . N.Y.: Springer, 2008. XXVI, 447 p. (Fundamental Issues in Archaeology)

THE BATTLE OF HYSIAE AND THE ORIGIN OF CONFLICT BETWEEN ARGOS AND SPARTA

E. A. Venidiktova

The article considers the time and causes of the confl ict between Argos and Sparta, and the battle of Hysiae. Detailed study of the sources makes it possible to conclude that Argive- Spartan confl ict was of ancient origin. The battle of Hysiae in which the Argives won their first considerable victory over the Spartans presents a defi nite stage in the confl ict development.

Key words: Argos, Sparta, Hysiae, Peloponnese, Pheidon.

CAUSES OF ETHICS PROGRESS IN ROMAN MITHRAISM OF THE 4th — 5th CC.

A. G. Cherednichenko, M. E. Shentsov

The article deals with the changes in the ideology of mystery cults of the Roman Empire of the 4th — 5th cc. The authors show that it was not the opposition’s infl uence but Mithraists’ desire to justify their activity in the eyes of the authorities and the society in times of severe crisis of the ancient civilization that brought forth Mithraism mystery ideology shift in favor of Christianity.

Key words: Ancient Rome, religion.

NORTH-WESTERN CRIMEA POPULATION OF THE 4th — 1st CC. B.C. (BASED ON MATERIALS OF ANCIENT TOWN SITE “CHAIKA”)

Ye. A. Popova

The article deals with the composition and structure of the North-Crimean population. Archeological study of ancient town site “Chaika” shows that Greeks were the principal residents of the coast in the 4th — 3rd cc. B.C. Greek community comprised representatives of Tauri that resided there till the early 3rd c. B.C. In the second half of the 2nd c. B.C. their place was taken by later Scythians, mixed Greek and barbarian population who might have migrated from Bosporus.

Key words: The Crimea, Greeks, Tauri, Scythians.

COMMAND ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION OF BOSPORAN ARMY OF ROMAN TIMES

S. А. Gringof

The article illustrates a little-known problem of Bosporan political structure. Using written sources as the base the author analyzes army structure in the context of Hellenistic and Roman civilizations. The author infers that Bosporus had a ramifi ed army organization forming a strict hierarchy on all levels of state power.

Key words: Bosporus, state structure, army.

EXPERIENCE OF RESTORING BOSPORUS BRONZE COINS FOUND DURING UNDERWATER EXCAVATION OF ANCIENT PHANAGORIA

V. O. Akimov

The article presents the experience of restoring bronze coins found during underwater archeological excavation of ancient Phanagoria in 2005–2007. The author advances the method of preserving coin impressions in oxide crusts or slime covering coins. Electrochemical reaction softens the crust keeping it solid enough to peel off the crust without ruining the impression that is later preserved in a mould. It helps to identify a coin even though it may be completely ruined.

Key words: restoration, Bosporus, bronze coins.

TIME AND ORIGIN OF BELT SCALES WITH GRYPHON HEADS IN PRIURALYE FOREST-STEPPE

S. L. Vorobyeva

The article presents the time and the origin of belt bronze scales with set-off gryphon heads in Priuralye forest-steppe. The author analyzes well-known belt scales with gryphon heads from forest-steppe Priuralye to the Hwang to determine the original gryphon image in belt scales and its sources. The author consideres both realistic gryphon head images and stylized, traces image development from realistic to more stylized, and comes to the conclusion concerning population migration from Central Asia (Southern Mongolia and Northern China) to forest-steppe Priuralye 6th-5th cc. B.C., which proves a key point in kara-abyz culture formation.

Key words: Archaeology, Kara-abyzskaya culture, art.

POPULATION OF THE “CAVE TOWN” TEPE-KERMEN FOR DATE OF ANTHROPOLOGY

A. V. Ivanov

The author examines series of the 18th — 19th st. from the “cave town” Tepe-Kermen. Considered series defi ne population region SW Crimea, determinated explorers as “medieval nationality of mountain Taurica”. According to the published data, the population of the Tepe- Kermen was heterogeneous, among this mixed europeoid population, the separation of the other small taxonomic groups by means of given material is a problem. On opinion of author, forming concerned anthropological type, connected with migration processes chasar period.

Key words: Taurica, Tepe-Kermen, The Middle Ages, population, anthropology, craniology.

I. I. NEPLJUEV — STATE FIGURE OF RUSSIA OF THE 18th CENTURIES

V. B. Maslyaev

In the scientific article of the author V. B. Maslyaev “I. I. Nepljuev — state fi gure of Russiaof the 18th centuries” for the fi rst time in a domestic historiography the life and activity of the eminent statesmen and public fi gure of Russia of 20–60th years of the 18th century of I. I. Nepljuev are elucidated. In it its course of life, a role in development of Russian-Turkish and Russian-Iranian relations in diplomatic service in Turkey are in detail shown, I. I. Nepljuev's contribution to development of the Orenburg territory as the fi rst governor is designated. His activity in Board on foreign affairs in the life end is described.

Key words: I. I. Nepljuev, Orenburg, diplomatic service.

HISTORICAL-JUDICIAL SIGHTS IN THE SCIENTIFIC WORK OF N. P. PAVLOV-SILVANSKI

I. B. Gogolev

I. B. Gogolev's article is a component of the dissertational work, devoted to a scientifi c heritage of N. P. Pavlov-Silvanski. In it for the fi rst time in a domestic historiography the sights of the scientist at stages of formation of the state and the right in Russia since 9th century and down to the beginning of the 20th century are considered. The author proves N. P. Pavlov- Silvanski’s basic merit that he had shown unity of this process in the West and in Russia. The article represents scientifi c interest for historians and lawyers (jurists), for everyone who is interested in history of the state and the right of Russia.

Key words: state, right, N.P. Pavlov-Silvanski, feudalism, the Norman theory, slavophiles, liberal historiography.

COSSAKS OF SOUTH URAL AND WEST SIBIRIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18th CENTURY

F. А. Kaminskji

The analysis of the development of the collective forms of agricultural organization in Cossack Far-Ural regions in the fi rst years of new economical politica is graven in the article by Fl. Kaminsky. The fi rst collective-farms and state-farms, founded lust after the Civil War, turned out to be insolvent and unpractical, und in the middle of 20-es in the 20th century most of them were ruined and fed miserable life. Using the analysis of the archives of that period the author shows the negative dynamics of the development and practical activities of those half — artifi cial communities. At the end of the article Fl. Kaminsky points jut the complex of objective and subjective reasons, which determined the lon level of the functioning of the fi rst collective unions on the territory of the former Orenburg and Sibirian Cossack forces.

Key words: Cossacks, reforms, community, non-military population, stanitsa selfgovernment.

PERMSKAYA GUBERNIYA HONORABLE MAGISTRATES IN 1870–1880 (ORGANIZATION AND PRACTICE)

I. A. Popp

It is the first paper dealing with organization, social composition, and practice of honorable magistrates in a guberniya (province) of vast Russian empire. Using regional material as the base the article attempts to reveal facts and causes of magistrates “inaction”, their infl uence on the legal proceeding in magistrate court. Representative sources analysis makes it possible to conclude that it was essential to reform honorable magistrate court on commercial interest basis.

Key words: Honorable and district magistrates, court reform of 1864, lay justice, Permskaya guberniya (province), zemstvo meetings.

DRINKING TRADITIONS AND PROBLEMS IN WEST SIBERIA TOWNS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th C. — EARLY 20th C.

A. V. Lityagina

The article shows the controversy in the policy of tsarist government concerning alcoholic drink trade, growing number of saloons in West Siberia towns in the second half of the 19th c. — early 20th c. It also considers alcohol consumption scope, hard-drinking problems, and attempts to control drunkenness. The author outlines a signifi cant aspect of the area residents’ life mode of the epoch described.

Key words: history of Russia, West Siberia, alcoholic drink trade, control drunkenness.

FOOD SUPPLY ORGANIZATION IN PERM GUBERNIYA AT THE END OF THE 19TH — THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH C.

M. K. Stelmakh

The article presents the analysis of food supply legislative basis in Russia at the turn of the 20th century. It also considers agricultural and food sphere transformation by the example of Perm guberniya. The research helped to show that the food security system was effective and it was signifi cant for overcoming the consequences of the crop failure in 1901, 1906-1907, and 1911.

Key words: food security system, agricultural and food sphere transformation, Perm guberniya.

A CASE OF BURSTING CHARGE DISTRIBUTION BY EVIL-DOERS AT BARANCHINSK AND NIZHNY TAGIL FACTORIES (FROM THE HISTORY OF URAL JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES)

S. F. Izhguzina-Sibagatova

The article deals with study of the “brotherhood, taking place to the right of the God” sect that appeared at the Urals factories in the middle of the 19th c. Its members split into peacemakers and avengers. 1900 saw a number of attempted murder cases in Verkhotur uyezd by means of home-made dynamitic apparatus. Investigation revealed the involvement of “forest brotherhood”. Religious organization of the kind in the Urals makes it possible to defi ne specifi c world outlook of mining and steel area population, their seeking and striving in the changing world.

Key words: Verkhotur uyezd, Perm guberniya, sect.

ARKHANGELSK ANTI-BOLSHEVIK PRESS COVERAGE OF EVENTS IN SIBERIA AT THE END OF 1918

V. S. Cherepenchuk

This article deals with the relations between two regions of the “White” Russia: Arkhangelsk and Siberia during the Civil War. The study is based on the press material of the time. In 1918 anti-Bolshevik governments were formed in different regions of Russia. They had dissimilar political programs, and their relations were far from simple. The article considers peculiarities of Zauralye events coverage by Arkhangelsk newspapers.

Key words: “Wight” Russia, Сivil War.

DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN THE CENTRAL URALS TOWNS IN 1926-1940

A. V. Chashchin

The author considers change of population size in the Middle Ural in 1926–1940 years. There are analysis of fertility and mortality. Special attention author gives causes mortality, factors which caused demographic catastrophe in 1932–1934 years. The author argues that urban population was in beginning phase of demographic transition.

Key words: demographic transition, population replacement, Sverdlovsk oblast.

FICTION AS PROPAGANDA TOOL: BRUSILOV BREAKTHROUGH IN THE SOVIET FICTION OF THE 1940S

O. Yu. Starodubova

The Soviet power established tight control over literature considering it highly instrumental in manipulating social consciousness. In the 1940s fi ction was a part of a huge offi cial propaganda machine; Soviet writers were viewed by the authorities as members of a force armed with words, and their works served as an effective weapon against external enemies. Writers tried hard to comply with internal and external political situation, and Stalin’s likes and dislikes. While writing they created Brusilov breakthrough image that was quite compatible with ideological standards.

Key words: World War I, Brusilov breakthrough, Soviet writers, propaganda.

GEORGE CRABBE’S CREATIVE WORK TRADITIONSIN V. K. KYUKHEL’BEKER’S LITERARY WORKS

D. N. Zhatkin, E. I. Anoshina (Ilyazova)

In the article written on the basis of the diary notes referring to 1832–1833 it is stated that the English poet-priest George Crabbe’s creative work made an indelible great impression on the imprisoned Russian Decembrist poet, what was in many respects conditioned by the skill of the predecessor, who represented the prosaic sides of the everyday life in the poetic form. Though George Crabbe’s infl uence in the created at this time by V. K. Kyukhel’beker poems «Sirota» («Orphan», 1833–1834) and «Yury i Xenia» (1832–1833) is hardly tangible and doesn’t determine the directions of the Russian poet’s creative quest, one cannot but admit Crabbe’s creative work contributing to the appearance of the realistic tendencies in the literary works of Kyukhel’beker, who used the new knowledge for solving urgent problems in the native literature.

Key words: George Crabbe, Russian-English literary and historical-cultural relations.

D. E. MIN AS AN INTERPRETER OF THOMAS CAMPBELL’S PHILOSOPHICAL POEM “THE LAST MAN”

D. N. Zhatkin, E. V. Komoltseva

The article considers D.E.Min’s translation of the philosophical poem “The Last Man” (1823) by Thomas Campbell, a famous English battle-poet. D.E. Min managed to render the poet’s awareness of the loss of internal harmony of human existence, of instable centuries-old social values, of inevitable social and natural catastrophes. D.E.Min, following the English poet, calls to courageously accept the inevitable. However, he does not recognize Campbell’s vision of God with no infl uence on humankind fate. He represents God as the highest and almighty being capable of saving life on the Earth.

Key words: Russian-English literary and historical cultural relations, English Romanticism, literary translation, tradition, reminiscence, crosscultural communication.

SPATIOTEMPORAL RELATIONS IN F.M. KLINGER’S WORLD MODEL (“FAUST, HIS LIFE, DEEDS, AND GOING DOWN TO THE INFERNO”)

M. V. Krasilnikova

Adventure ordeal novel chronotope is made evident in the text of F. M. Klinger’s “Faust, His Life, Deeds, and Going Down to the Inferno” due to the extensive use of such components as multiple spaces, timeless hiatus, encyclopedic scope that fully present the author’s world model.

Key words: F.M. Klinger, Faust, chronotope.

CONFLICT AND PROBLEMS IN O. WILDE’S PLAY “A WOMAN UNWORTHY OF ATTENTION”

O. M. Valova

The article dealing with O. Wilde’s comedy “A Woman Unworthy of Attention” considers his treatment of marriage, values, female infl uence, sin, Anglo-American contacts, and pointless self-sacrifi ce, defi nes peculiarity of the inner and outer conflict of the play.

Key words: comedy, moral and philosophical problems, conflict.

AN INSIDE VIEW ON ENGLISHNESS (J. FOWLS, J. PRIESTLY)

Ye. G. Satyukova

The article is devoted to the problem of Englishness. Based on the essays of the prominent English writers — John Priestley and John Fowles.

Key words: Englishness, an inside view, culture code, tradition, national character.

BURLESQUE IN P. SCARRON’S COMEDIES

V. V. Osadchaya

The history of French burlesque is closely associated with P. Scarron, a poet, a playwright, and a novel writer. France, the cradle of classicism, regarded him as a symbol of French burlesque. He was the first among his contemporaries to put burlesque characters on the stage. The study of his plays shows that the comic of Scarron’s earlier comedies is in a burlesque style, though it was not the only style the author resorted to. He builds up the comic of his plays in accordance with dissonance, the main burlesque principle, i.e. he plays with the contrast between principal characters, their behavior, and especially their speech style. As a result of such devices his comedies contain different repetitions, verbose citations, illogical tirades, absurd neologisms, vulgar words and expressions, comic clash between direct and figurative meanings of similes and metaphors. All of these represented typical features of a burlesque style and called forth a comic contrast with a romantic line of the comedy.

Key words: P. Scarron, comedy of the 17th c., burlesque style.

GENESIS AND EVOLUTION OF THE FORMULA SON(S) OF MOTHERLAND (DISCOURSE MODE IN RUSSIA IN THE 18th C.)

T. Ye. Abramzon

The article deals with genesis and evolution of the historical and cultural formula “Sons of Motherland”. Sense interpretation of the formula in different types of discourse reveals progressive nobility self-identifi cation. The first half of the 18th century saw fi gures of Father of the country or Mother of the country in the focus of power-subject relationship paradigm that was specifi ed by legislative acts and adopted by the rhetoric in the epoch of Peter the Great. The year of 1762 became critical when ‘direct descendants’ of Motherland determined the fate of the Russian Crown and Catherine II acknowledged their ‘wish’ as the only ‘legitimate’ basis for her accession to the throne, which she made widely known in Russia.

Key words: Russian Manifests of 18th century, historical and cultural formulae, paradigm, artistic method.

PRINCIPAL MOTIFS AND IMAGES IN G.D. KRASILNIKOV’S CREATIONS

N. V. Eshmakova

The article considers the following principal plot building motifs and images of Krasilnikov: “into the woods”, sowing, roads, the prodigal son, meetings, ordeal, and sleep. Dominant images are presented by wood, water, threshold, window, and road.

Key words: principal motifs and images, space, plot.

THE CAUCASUS AND CAUCASIAN WAR IN M.YU. LERMONTOV’S CREATIONS

A. E. Savelyev

The Caucasus became an inexhaustible source of inspiration for the great Russian poet M. Lermontov. He wrote here his most famous works. First of all it is necessary to mention several large poems — “Izmail-bei”, “Caucasian Captive”, “Kally”, “Aul Bastoongy”, “Hadji Abrek”, “Fugitive”. In these works the poet, using ethnographic material, was able to create the reliable and colorful picture of customs and peculiarities of life of mountaineers. Lermontov hymned in many verses beauty of the Caucasian nature. Several verses and ballads were evoked in him by Cossack’s folklore. Number of poetic and prosaic works of the poet brightly represents reality of the Caucasian War and customs of regulars of the Separated Caucasian Corps.

Key words: M.Yu. Lermontov, Caucasus, Caucasian War, nature.

STRUCTURE OF “THE BEAST” CONCEPT IN THE NOVEL “THE SIGN OF THE BEAST” BY O. N. YERMAKOV

V. B. Volkova

This is a study of the concept “the Beast” and its structure in the novel “The Sign of the Beast” by O. N. Yermakov. It is a basic concept of the novel, and it is possible to model it through intertextual connection with the biblical text. Mythological and symbolic component of the concept is revealed through comparison of the title, epigraph, and a number of scenes from the book. “The Beast” concept in a metaphoric space of the novel incorporates all associations connected with it.

Key words: modern “military” prose, O. N. Yermakov.

HARMONIC RHYTHM IN SYNTHETIC POETIC TEXTS (SONGS)

V. A. Gavrikov

The article deals with main methods of harmonization of poetry rhythm in poetical synthetic text. There are some approaches of this problem in a modern science: on the basis of published text or on the basis of phonogram. The article is devoted to the solution for this problem by force of philological synthetic method.

Key words: singing poetry, synthetic text.

SET EXPRESSIONS DEFINITION IN LEARNER’S DICTIONARY

Ye. I. Rogalyova

The author reveals and analyses various types of defi nitions in contemporary phraseological dictionaries, dwelling upon idiom defi nition peculiarities in learner’s phraseological dictionaries, providing the author’s variants of idiom meaning interpretation.

Key words: Learner’s phraseography, phraseology semantics, defi nition types, communicative-pragmatic commentary, training dictionary.

COMMUNICATION IN CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTION

M. V. Krivoshlykova

The article presents multiple processes of culture interaction revealing the role of communication in contemporary social and cultural space. The article also considers historiography issues of cross-cultural interaction, “dialogue of cultures”, and gives a survey of the communication notion genesis from the viewpoint of philosophy and culturology.

Key words: cross-cultural interaction, “dialogue of cultures”.

LEGAL DISCOURSE SCRIPT MODELING

I. V. Palashevskaya

The article aims to describe the main characteristics of such cognitive schemes, representing interactive events, as scripts of legal discourse. These are analysed from the point of view of their stereotypical, normative and scene procedure characteristics in legal communication.

Key words: legal discourse, scripts, legal situation, speech genres, cultural values.

MEMORY OPERATION CHARACTERISTICS THROUGH FORMAL AND SEMANTIC COMPONENT STRUCTURE OF GERMAN VERBAL COLLOCATIONS

L. N. Rebrina

The study deals with German verbal collocations of the thematic group “memory” as transitional phenomena of phraseological system. It considers lexical and syntactic structure of the units under study. The bulk of verbal collocations is presented by two or three member analytical phraseological units whose components are complementary or more rarely one or two subjective, seemingly intransitive, functioning as a complementary syntagm. Genetic case meaning description shows that nominative component function more often consists in pointing to the object, and less often in showing the locality of memory operation, memory object, or the direction of experience fragment transition in the memory space. A verb, determining part of speech equivalence, is a grammatical center; a nominative component is a semantic center. Collocation series interpret memory and memory operation objects as 1) active living beings either acting or being acted upon, 2) a text or record, 3) objects to manipulate , 4) parts of a body, organs, abilities, 5) activity space or active fragments of former experience. Memory processes are described as intensive, dynamic object-oriented activity of the subject. Several conclusions were made concerning the structure and meaning transformation of verbal collocation components. The obtained evidence reveals that the German language describes the inner mental world on analogy with the observable reality, which is compatible with the scale and scope of human consciousness.

Key words: collocation, component, structure, word combination, syntagmatic characteristics, meaning.

ECONOMIC LIFE OF SOUTH URALS RESIDENTS DURING MINING AND METALLURGICAL SHUTDOWN

I. V. Loseeva

Unique fieldwork and archive materials underlie the study of South Urals residents’ economic life during the crisis in mining and metallurgical industry. The article reveals the nature, peculiarities, and consequences of transition from industrial production to domestic craft and peasant life pattern.

Key words: South Urals, Beloretsk district, iron-producing plants, V.A. Senkevich’ archive.

TRADITIONAL ANIMAL SKIN PROCESSING IN MOUNTAIN-FOREST AREA OF BASHKORTOSTAN

Z. F. Khasanova

The article is based on fi eldwork material collected by the author in Beloretsk and Duvan districts of Bashkortostan in 2008. The study touches upon horse harness and sheepskin coat making, and compares traditional animal skin processing by Bashkirs of mountain-forest area with that of other ethnic groups of Russia.

Key words: Skin, processing, rye kvass, awl, scraping knife, work-bench.

RUSSIAN GET-TOGETHERS IN THE SOUTH URALS

F. G. Galieva (Akhatova)

The article describes Russian get-togethers (posidelki) in the South Urals related to cabbage salting, bast shoe making, spinning, knitting stockings. Gatherings of the kind, accompanied by singing and story-telling, took place during autumn and winter season. The article traces their history from the second half of the 19th c. to the present day.

Key words: Get-togethers (posidelki), ‘cabbage nights’, The Orenburgsky Listok (newpaper).

BASHKIR POPULATION SIZE DYNAMICS IN THE SOUTH-WESTERN PART OF KURGAN OBLAST IN THE LATE 18th — EARLY 20th CC.

A. T. Akhatov

The article considers Bashkir population size dynamics in the late 18th — early 20th cc. Their tight community is chiefl y in the Miass-Uy inter-river area of contemporary Kurgan oblast (region). Statistics data analysis shows a steady growth of Bashkir population in the area during the period under review due to natality and migration despite some demographic decrease in the mid and late 19th century. The principal factors affecting Bashkir population dynamics of the area during the period under study are natural climatic conditions of the area, land-owning peculiarities, and geographical location of the territory distant from Bashkir main habitation.

Key words: Kurgan Bashks, demopgraphy.

THE OPERA OF WOMAN-COMPOSERS OF THE 18th C.

S. V. Ivanova

This is a survey of the 18th c. opera of women-composers that made a notable contribution to the opera of the time. Their operas ranked high in the musical life of the period; and their sociocultural role was many-sided comprising different aspects of their musical and social activity aimed at opera development.

Key words: women-composers of the 18th century, opera, operetta.

FEMALE MUSIC CREATION IN GERMAN CONVENTS OF THE 15th C.

S. V. Ivanova

This is a survey of compositions written by women and their place in German religious music culture in the 15th century with particular emphasis on the remaining Song books of female cleric composers. The article considers fi rst Song books of the kind, gives some facts of the life of cleric women-composers partially reconstructing their social background. It also gives a record of their musical creativity highlighting the signifi cance of their role in forming European professional music art.

Key words: German women composers, Catherine Tirs, Anna of Koln.

MEDIUM AS A PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEM

N. S. Fatykhova

This article contains a brief defi nition of the methodology and the analysis of the philosophical discipline — mediaphilosophy — as well as the theory of the philosophical medium of antiquity staring from the Middle Ages until 20th century.

Key words: Medium, qualia, sensuality, language, art.

Details: Published: 08 April 2015; Last Updated: 11 December 2015; Hits: 3721

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